1、1专题 13 完形填空易错点 1 熟词生义掌握不全面1.He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the _ tire. A. spare B. free C. full D. empty 【错因分析】spare 熟义是“抽出时间” 。【试题解析】在这篇文章中，spare 意为“备用的” 。【参考答案】 A 2. Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-de
2、sk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet _.A. developed B. taken C. washed D. loaded 【错因分析】develop 熟义是“发展” 。【试题解析】film 在此意为“胶片” ，故选 A，develop 意为“冲印” 。【参考答案】A所谓“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形填空或者阅读理解中如果运用常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误
3、、文不对题、不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。Just the other day, a fierce storm hit our community. I looked out the window and witnessed a tree being _ by the fierce winds.2A. crushed B. abused C. broken D. removed 【解析】abuse 的熟义“谩骂，虐待” ，但在文中是“摧残，蹂躏” 。【答案】 B易错点 2 忽视语境关系A Heroic DriverLar
4、ry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers. 41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing【错因分析】 考生容易忽视语境关系盲目选择自认为正确的某个选项。【参考答案】 C巧用语境推测法近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证
5、的逻辑性等。正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多） 。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was th
6、en that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work. A. comfortable B. expensive C. empty3D. modern【答案】C【名师点睛】完形填空中，若每题单独考虑，四个选项几乎均可成立，但完形填空考查的是在具体语境中对上下段、上下句乃至全文的整体理解和运用。考生往往只见树木不见森林，忽略对上下文的全面考虑而草率误选某一选项。完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇，因此考生在做题时必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。考生在平时做题时应该把
7、握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系。易错点 3 忽视背景关系It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness. Susans husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.Susan felt ready to retur
8、n to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she now too frightend to get around the city by herself. Mark volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening untill she could make it herself. For two weeks, Mark accompanied Susan to and from work each day. He
9、 taught her how to rely on her other , specially her hearing to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses【错因分析】做此题时，考生很容易忽视前文的特定语境而误选。【试题解析】本文讲述的是 Susan丧失了视力，即成了一个盲人，因此她丈夫教她依靠别的“感官” ，尤其是听觉来判断事情。【参考答案】D4在解答这类完形填空时，考生要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供
10、的上下文语境来解题。本文是围绕一个盲人来写的，这就是一个特定的背景。After _ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant 在这里的意思是“安插” “插牢” 。 【答案】C易错点 4 忽视逻辑关系1. That holiday morning I did
11、nt have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, _, I felt like getting us early.A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. besides【错因分析】 考生可能会因弄不清空格所在处上下文的关系而误选。【试题解析】 该题后面的“getting us early”和前面的“
12、sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系，故用 however。【参考答案】 C2. My brother fans his friends were all fansthey all bought tickets for the performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldnt go, so my brother _ me the ticket. I was really excited!A. booked B. offered C. returned D. found【错因分析】 so
13、 表示前后两部分存在因果关系，如果不注意这点就容易出现错误。5【参考答案】B考生在做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。1. Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _ nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and e
14、ach vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely【答案】C2. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, _, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the in
15、vention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现；第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句 ，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个
16、进程” 。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为” ，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。6【答案】C易错点 5 忽视逻辑关系One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”I thought for a minute, and then I said, “Ill explain, if you can just wait until we make a quick stop at the grocery store. I h
17、ave something 1 to show you. ” At grocery store, we bought some apples red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, “Its time to answer your question.” I put one apple of each 26 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 2 look on his face.1. A. expressive B. encouragingC. informative D.
18、 interesting2. A. worried B. satisfiedC. proud D. curious【错因分析】做第 1题时，考生容易脱离作者所要表达的思想情感而主观臆断，认为所展示之物一般都是富有表现力的，从而误选 expressive。informative 也有很强的干扰性，由于此词比较生僻，往往让有些考生举棋不定，最终误选此项；做第 2题时，由于作者即将回答孩子先前提出的问题，而此时考生已经明白作者想利用苹果加以阐释，并认为这是一个绝妙的想法，因而考生主观地认为孩子对这种方式感到非常“满意” ，从而误选 satisfied。【参考答案】1. D 2. D阅读过程中，考生有
19、事需要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者的思想产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _7 to 9 and Ed was leading.【解析】surprise
20、d 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get 7into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。【答案】instead易错点 6 忽视语法知识和习惯搭配They told her to stay _ until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explodeshe should not moveA. quiet B. still C. away D. c
21、alm【错因分析】容易犯忽视习惯搭配型错误。本题考生不知道 stay till为固定搭配以及其意思，盲目认为still只是用作副词，意为“仍然” 。【试题解析】根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示他们告诉她要保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。quiet 安静的；still 静止的；away 不在，离开；calm 沉着的。【参考答案】BDeeply touched by the boys words, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that introduces teenagers to the basics o
22、f fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw 1 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 2 on the kids， ” says Moody.1. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether2. A. impression B. burden C. decision D impact【答案】1. A 2. D完形填空的解题技巧:1. 重视首句，要有推断意识完形填空一般不给出标题，但首句往往不设置空，通常
23、是一个完整的句子，它是全文的关键句，也是主导句。考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息，根据有用信息推断文章的大意及主题，从此找到一个突8破口展开思维，准确答题。2. 通读全文，要有作者意识完形填空不是单项选择，它必须建立在理解文章的基础上，因此要通读全文，从语篇的整体内容出发，根据具体语境，结合语言结构，全面考虑，把握文章的脉络，理解全文大意。在通读中，找出文章的主题，尤其是作者的观点，要有作者意识，与作者达成共鸣，把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展，根据特定情节，找到唯一正确的，合乎逻辑的答案。3. 瞻前顾后，要有结构意识做完形填空题时首先要做到瞻前顾后。完形填空题
24、的选项一般从语法角度来看都可以选，但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。其次要注意词语用法上的细微差别，结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。还要有结构意识，根据句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。同时，也要注意一些惯用法，并结合英美生活常识等做出选择。4. 反复推敲，要有纠错意识填完所有空，还要复读一遍，从语法角度入手，仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、代词的格、非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配，要有大胆的纠错意识。而且，还要克服定时思维，重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节，准确无误地做好完形填空题。高考真题题组一 2018 年真题Cloze 1（201
25、8新课标全国卷 I）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn c
26、hess. And, even if I werent 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach,
27、and this 48 was no game for him； he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our 9credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I
28、 managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you hav
29、e to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay43. A. excited B. worried C. move
30、d D. tired44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible50. A. attend B. pa
31、ss C. skip D. observe51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised56. A. fact B. step C. manner
32、D. skill57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程下棋及它对我生活10的指导意义。42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程 3个学
33、分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste 浪费；earn 赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选 C。43.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited 激动的；兴奋的；worried 担心的；moved 感动的；tired 劳累的。故选A。44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。title 头衔；题目； competitor竞赛者；textbook 教科书； instructor导师。故选 D。45.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。这意味着我将
34、师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged 督促 ；demanded 要求； held 握住； meant 意味着。故选 D。46.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest 最快的；easiest最早的；best 最好的；rarest 最稀少的。故选 C。47.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview 面试； meet见面； challenge挑战；beat 击败。故选 B。50.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。Attend 参加；pass 通过；
35、skip 跳跃； observe 遵守。故选 B。51.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply 把运用于52.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually最终；naturally 自然地； directly 直接地；normally 正常地。故选 A。1153.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个 A。game 游戏；presentation 介绍；陈述；course课程；experiment 实验。故选 C。54. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外
36、对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion 标准；classroom 教室；department 部门；系； situation 情况。故选 B。55.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。和 Ashley学了象棋课程之后 10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught教；wrote 写；questioned 提问；promised 承诺。故选 A。56.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact事实；step 步；manner 方式；skill 技能。故选 D。57.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的
37、决定。Grades等级；decisions 决定；impressions 印象；comments 评论。故选 B。58.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。Analyze 分析；describe描述；rebuild 重建；control 控制。故选 A。Cloze 2（2018新课标全国卷 II）Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since
38、Id 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 . The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 , I realized one kayak（皮划艇） was
39、 in 47 . Somethings not 48 ! I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors. I helped 51 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his
40、face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very 53 . Whats his name? I asked the instructor. Ben, he replied, and immediately I 54 . That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was 12well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the fam
41、ily met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me. I just want to say thank you, he said. You 58 my life!I still cant believe what a 59 it was. Im just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.41. A. also B. often C. even D. last42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry43. A. sc
42、ared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed46. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell50. A. arguing B. figh
43、ting C. shouting D. shaking51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar54. A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew55. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. lea
44、ve57. A. joked B. turned C. listened D. pointed58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided1359. A. coincidence B. change C. pity D. pain60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. C
45、 59. A 60. B【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者 13年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己 13年未见的儿子。41.D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经 13年了。由此可以暗示出是上一次见面。A. also 也；B. often 经常；C. even 甚至；D. last 上一次，故选D项切题。43.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者 13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared 惊恐的；B. shocked 震
46、惊的；C. thrilled欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed 惭愧的。故选 C项切题。44.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见面。A. talk 谈话；B. stay 停留； C. meet 见面；D. settle 解决。故选 C项切题。45.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed 沐浴；B. clean清扫；C. deep 深处；D. formed 形成。故选 A项切题。46.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现
47、意外。A. faster 迅速的；B. closer 靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier重的，沉重的；D. wiser 有智慧的；聪明的。故选 B项切题。47.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble麻烦，困难；B. advance 前进，进展；C. question 问题，疑问；D. battle 战斗，战役。故选 A项切题。48.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real 真实的；B. right 正确的，正常的；C. fair 公平的；D. fit 合适的。故选
48、B项切题。1450.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文 a man lying across the middle和下文 He was unconscious可知，应该是剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing 争论，辩论；B. fighting 打架；C. shouting呼喊；D. shaking 摇动。故选 D项切题。51.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我帮助把年轻人带出水面。A. lead 领导，引导，带领；B. persuade说服，劝服；C. carry 搬运，装运；D. keep 保持；保存，保留；故选 C项切题。52.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸
49、时，我想到了一些事情。occur 跟 to短语时，表示“想到” ，而不是“发生” ，happen 后接不定式，是“碰巧“的意思。故选 B项切题。53.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文， “Whats his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp 锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant 愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive 有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar 亲密的，熟悉的。故选 D项切题。54.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“That stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed同意，赞成，承认，答应；B. hesitated 犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted 怀疑；疑惑；D. knew知道，了解。故选 D项切题。55.A 【解析】
