1、.常 用 单 词 词 形 变 化 归 纳一名词（一） -ment1. employ v. 雇用 employment n. 工作，职业2. treat v. 治疗；对待treatment n. 治疗3. entertain vt. 使愉快entertainment n. 娱乐；款待entertaining adj. 有趣的，令人愉快的4. govern vt. 统治，治理 government n. 政府5. develop v. 发展，培养development n. 发展developing adj. 发展中的developed adj. 发达的6. establish vt. 确立；建立
2、establishment n. 确立；建立7. punish v. 惩罚punishment n. 惩罚8. adjust vt. 调整adjustment n. 调整9. appoint v. 任命，委派；约定appointment n. 约会，预约10. commit v. 犯 (错误，罪行 )，使承担义务，承诺commitment n. 承诺11. accomplish v. 完成(任务等 )，取得(成功) accomplishment n. 成就，完成12. invest v. 投资investment n. 投资investor n. 投资者13. disagree vi. 不同意
3、；意见不合 disagreement n. 不同意，争执14. encourage vt. 鼓励encouragement n. 鼓励，激励15. achieve vt. 取得(成就)achievement n. 成就，功业，伟绩16. announce v. 声明，宣布announcement n. 声明，公告announcer n. 播音员17. retire vi. 退休retirement n. 退休18. settle v. 解决；定居settler n. 移民，殖民者settlement n. 解决；协议19. amuse vt. 娱乐；使快乐amusement n. 娱乐，游戏，
4、文娱活动20. require vt. 需要requirement n. 需要21. arrange v. 安排arrangement n. 安排22. improve v. 提高，改进improvement n. 改进，改善，进步23. judge v. 判断 n. 裁判；法官judgment / judgement n. 判断；意见24. argue vi. 争论argument n. 争论（二） -tion.1. instruct vt. 指示，指导instruction n. 指示，说明2. correct vt. 改正 adj. 正确的correction n. 改正，纠正3. re
5、act vi. 反应reaction n. 反应4. attract vt. 吸引 attraction n. 吸引attractive adj. 吸引人的5. construct vt. 建造，建设construction n. 建造，建设，建筑6. protect vt. 保护protection n. 保护7. invent vt. 发明invention n. 发明8. addict n. (对药物等)上瘾的人addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的9. connect v. 连接 ；联系connection n. 联系，关系，关联10. di
6、rect vt. 指挥 adj. 直接的；径直的direction n. 方向director n. 指挥11. predict vt. 预言，预料prediction n. 预测12. collect v. 收藏collection n. 收藏；收藏品collector n. 收藏家，收集者13. interrupt v. 打断interruption n. 打扰，打断15. suggest vt. 建议suggestion n. 建议14. extinct adj. 绝种的；消亡了的extinction n. 消失；灭绝16. intend v. 打算 intention n. 打算，目的
7、，意图17. attend v. 出席，参加；照顾；注意attention n. 注意；照顾1. situate vt. 使位于，使处于地位（位置）situation n. 情况；形势，处境；地理位置situated adj. 位于(某处)的2. locate vt. 把设置在；把建造在location n. 位置located adj. 位于3. relate v. 联系relation n. 关系relative n. 亲戚，亲属4. accumulate v. 积累，积聚accumulation n. 积累，积聚5. regulate v. 规定，管理，整顿regulation n. 规
8、则，条例6. educate vt. 教育；培养；训练education n. 教育educated adj. 受过教育的，有教养的7. congratulate vt. 祝贺congratulation n. 祝贺8. graduate vi. 毕业 n. 毕业生graduation n. 毕业9. liberate vt. 解放 liberation n. 解放10. imitate vt. 临摹 ，仿造，模仿imitation n. 临摹，仿造，模仿11. decorate vt. 装饰decoration n. 装饰物decorative adj. 装饰的.12. indicate v
9、t. 象征；暗示indication n. 指示；象征13. hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑hesitation n. 犹豫14. appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏appreciation n. 感激；欣赏15. create vt. 创造，发明creation n. 创造力creative adj. 创造性的16. concentrate vi. 集中( 注意力、思想等) concentration n. 专心，专注，注意17. participate v. 参加，参与participation n. 参加，参与participant n. 参与者，参加者18. communic
10、ate vi. (用语言、信号)传递信息；交流communication n. 交流，沟通19. celebrate vt. 庆祝celebration n. 庆祝；庆典20. accommodate vt. 容纳(乘客等)accommodation n. 住处；住宿，膳食21. immigrate v. 移民，移居 immigration n. 移居immigrant n. 移民，侨民22. migrate v. 迁移，迁徏；移居migration n. 迁移，迁徏；移居 migrant n. 候鸟；移居者23. desperate adj. 绝望的desperation n. 绝望 des
11、pair n. 绝望 1. adapt vi. 适应；适合adaptation n. 适应adaptable adj. 适应性强的2. inform vt. 告知 information n. 信息3. consider vt. 考虑consideration n. 考虑considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的considerable adj. 相当多的，相当大的considering prep.鉴于4. expect vt. 期待，期望；料想，预期expectation n. 期望；预期5. interpret v. 诠释，解释；翻译 interpretation n. 解释，演
12、绎interpreter n. 口译员6. relax v. 放松；(使) 休息relaxation7. explain vt. 解释explanation n. 解释8. invite vt. 邀请 invitation n. 邀请9. examine vt. 检查examination n. 检查；考试10. determine v. (使)决定；确定 determination n. 决心determined adj. 坚决的11. combine v. 结合，联合combination n. 联合12. imagine vt. 想象imagination n. 想象，设想imagina
13、ry adj. 想象中的，假想的，虚构的13. organise vt. 组织organisation n. 组织14. explore vt. 探索exploration n. 探索explorer n. 探险者15. declare vt. 宣布declaration n. 宣言；声明16. prepare vt. 准备preparation n. 准备17. observe vt. 观察observation n. 观察observatory n. 观察台.18. starve vi. 饿死starvation n. 饥饿19. reserve v. 保留 ；预约，预订 n. 保护区re
14、servation n. 保留； 预订20. preserve v. 保护；保存preservation n. 保存；贮藏21. register vt. 记录；登记 registration n. 执照；登记22. qualify vt. city citiesactivity body boundary candy century ceremony comedy company country diarydictionary discovery duty enemy factory family hobby injury laboratory ladylibrary memory part
15、y penny policy possibility quantity spy story summaryvariety victory authority biography category 动词 如：carry carries, carried, carried; cry cries, cried, cried accompany apply betray bury copy fry hurry marry rely replysatisfy studysupply terrify tidy try worry imply multiply simplifyfly flies, flew
16、, flown 形容词 如：busy busier, busiest; easy easier, easiestangry cloudy crazy dirty dizzy dry dusty early happy healthy heavy hungrylazy lucky noisy pretty tidy ugly wealthy cosy(2) 以元音字母加 y 结尾的，直接加-s, -ed, -er, -est 名词 如：day days; way waysday essay holiday play relay way bay clay hay ray sideway journ
17、ey joy keymonkey valley alley chimney turkey boy joy toy delay 规则动词 如：delay delays, delayed, delayed; play delay pray stay obey annoy destroy employ enjoy betray convey spray. 不规则动词pay pays, paid, paid; lay lays, laid, laid; buy buys, bought, bought; say says, said, said5. 以字母 o 结尾的加-s 或-es。hero her
18、oes; potato potatoes; tomato tomatoes; volcano volcanoes; mosquito mosquitoes / mosquito; motto mottoes / mottos; do does; go goesbamboo bamboos; kangaroo kangaroos; kilo kilos; photo photos;piano pianos; radio radios; studio studios; tobacco tobaccos; video videos; zoo zoos 二动词的-ing 形式1. 直接加-ed 。2.
19、 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的，直接加-ing。3. 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing。三规则动词的过去式、过去分词1. 直接加-ed 。2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的，直接加-d。3. 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed。4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加-ed。四以字母 e 结尾的词 以字母 e 结尾的 规则动词如：close closing, closed, closed; face facing, faced, facedaccuse ache achieve admire adore advan
20、ce advertise advise advocate amaze amuse analyze announce apologize appreciate approve argue arrange arrive associate bake bathe behave believe blame bounce brake breathe care cause change charge choke close combine compare compete complete compromise concentrate conclude confuse congratulate consum
21、e continue contribute convince create cure cycle debate decide declare decline decorate decrease describe deserve desire determine devote dislike distribute dive divide educate encourage enlarge escape examine exchange excite excuse explode explore face fade figure fire force forgive glance glare gu
22、ide handle hate hesitate hire hope ignore imagine improve include increase indicate influence injure inspire insure introduce invite joke judge like live love manage measure memorize move name notice observe operate oppose owe participate pause persuade place please pollute praise prepare preserve p
23、roduce promise promote pronounce prove provide purchase puzzle race raise realise/realize receive recite recognise/recognize recycle reduce refuse relate remove replace require rescue resemble reserve retire sacrifice save scare score seize sense separate serve settle .shape share shave skate smile
24、smoke spare stare starve store struggle suppose surprise survive taste tease telephone tire tolerate trade translate tremble type underline undertake die dying, died, died; tie tying, tied, tiedlie lying, lied, lied（撒谎） / lay, lain（躺；位于） ； lay laying, laid, laid 放置；下（蛋） 以字母 e 结尾的不 规则动词：arise arising
25、, arose, arisen become becoming, became, becomebite biting, bit, bitten choose choosing, chose, chosencome coming, came, come drive driving, drove, drivenfreeze freezing, froze, frozen give giving, gave, givenhave having, had, had hide hiding, hid, hiddenleave leaving, left, left lose losing, lost,
26、lostmake making, made, made overcome overcoming, overcame, overcameride riding, rode, rode rise rising, rose, risenshake shaking, shook, shaken shine shining, shone, shonestrike striking, struck, struck/stricken take taking, took, takenwrite writing, wrote, written 注意下面动词的变化：agree agreeing, agreed,
27、agreed; disagree disagreeing, disagreed, disagreed; guarantee guaranteeing, guaranteed, guaranteed; see seeing, saw, seen; flee fleeing, fled, fled五关于双写的问题双写末尾辅音字母的规则说明：一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，并且末尾音节必须重读。 1单音节规则动词，如：chat chatting, chatted, chattedban beg chat clap dip drag drop hug mop nod pin plan plot rid
28、 rob ship skip swap tip trap 2单音节不规则动词，如：quit quitting, quit, quitbid dig fit get let put quit rot run set shut sit spit split 3双音节规则动词，如：admit admitting, admitted, admittedadmit commit control equip infer occur prefer refer regret 4双音节不规则动词begin beginning, began, begun; forbid forbidding, forbade,
29、forbidden; forget forgetting, forgot, forgot. 5注意比较下面动词，如：suffer suffering, suffered, sufferedcover deliver differ discover enter gather offer order recover remember suffer water litter master murder register whisper benefit limit prohibit target develop cancel fasten frighten happen listen reason r
30、ipen sharpen strengthen 6单音节规则动词，如：add adding, added, added; cheat cheating, cheated, cheatedact add aim bark block boil boom bow brush call calm camp cheat check cheer chew clean click climb comb cough count cross crowd drill end fail fetch fill finish fish float flow fold found gain grasp greet gu
31、ess hatch head help host join kick kill last laugh leak lift link lock long march match milk miss own park part pass pick plant point post print pump pull push rain rank reach rent rest risk roast rock roll row ruin rush sail scold scratch scream search seem sew shock shout sniff sort sound start st
32、ick suit tend thank thunder tick toast touch train treat troop truck trust turn twist wait wash watch weigh wish wound yawn yell fix mix snow 7单音节不规则动词，如：keep keeping, kept, kept; drink drinking, drank, drankbear beat bend bleed bring build burn cast catch cost drink feed fight find hang hear hurt k
33、eep lead lend light meet read ring seek sell send sing sink sleep speak speed spend spread stand sweep swell swing teach tear wear weep wind blow draw grow know show throw 8双音节规则动词，如：affect affecting, affected, affectedabsorb accept adjust adopt affect afford appeal appear approach arrest astonish a
34、ttach attack attain attempt attend attract avoid bargain belong broadcast collect comfort conduct confirm connect consider consist construct consult contain controdict correct correspond defeat defend demand depend desert design disppear disappoint discuss dismiss distinguish disturb elect embarrass
35、 equal erupt exist expand expect explain express follow function govern honour import impress inform insert insist inspect intend interrupt interview invent obtain overlook perform polish possess predict present pretend prevent preview process protect publish punish question react recommend reflect reform refresh regard relax remain remark remind repeat represent resign resist respect respond restrict return review select succeed suggest support surround transform unfold witness 9双音节不规则动词，如：understand understanding, understood, understood rebuild retell rewind understand withdraw
