1、 1 / 7派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握 3 500 多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。一、名词后缀1动词 ion/tion /sion名词( 表示动作或动作过程)correct v改正；纠正 correction n改正celebrate v庆祝 celebration n庆祝；庆祝会conclude v完成；结束 conclusion n结论；结束2动词 er/or 名词( 表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v驾驶开
2、车；驱赶 driver n司机；驾驶员gather v聚集；采集 gatherer n收集者；采集者conduct v指挥；管理 conductor n指挥；售票员3动词ment名词punish v惩罚 punishment n惩罚4动词/形容词th名词warm adj.温暖的 warmth n温暖 grow v生长 growth n生长5形容词y名词difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n困难 honest adj.诚实的 honesty n诚实6形容词ness名词kind adj.善良的 kindness n善良7动词 ance名词annoy vt.使烦恼 annoya
3、nce n生气；烦恼8ship 结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格 ) member n成员；会员 membership n会员资格professor n教授 professorship n教授身份9ing 结尾的名词garden n花园 gardening n园艺greet v打招呼；问候 greetings n问候针对训练语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文 )2 / 7AFrom the 1._ (express) on Marys face, he knew he left a bad 2. _ (impress) on her and if she won the 3. _ (e
4、lect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. _ (organize), he could not get her 5. _ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. _ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. _ (in
5、spire) from his wifes words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. _ (determine) to work for the organization. “My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. _ (help)! Im sure I will be the 10. _ (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.BIt was
6、really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1. _ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. _ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3. _ (die) of the poor baby.4. _ (lonely) was anoth
7、er problem because they had no 5. _ (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6. _ (brave) and 7. _ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. _ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. _ (settle). He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10. _ (happy) and
8、 success.二、形容词后缀1常见形容词后缀(1)名词al形容词(表示 “有属性” ， “与有关”)agriculture n农业 agricultural adj.农业的(2)动词ive形容词decide v决定；下决心 decisive adj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词able形容词(表示“能够” ， “适于” ， “值得”)change v变化；兑换changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词 ful形容词care n小心；关心 careful adj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词less 形容词(意思与原名词相反)care n. 小心；关心 careless adj.粗
9、心的(6)名词ly 形容词3 / 7friend n朋友 friendly adj.友好的(7)名词y 形容词dirt n污物；脏物 dirty adj.脏的(8)名词ous 形容词 danger n危险 dangerous adj.危险的2复合形容词的构成(1)形容词ing 分词 easygoing 随和的(2)形容词名词ed kindhearted 善良的；好心的(3)名词ed 分词 watercovered 被水覆盖的(4)副词ed 分词 wellwritten 写得好的(5)数词名词ed threelegged 三条腿的针对训练.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1It feels li
10、ke an unbelievable stroke of luck of fate, really.(2012四川高考阅读 C) ( )2The good working condition in this city is attractive.( )3You can rely on him because he is reliable.( )4Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.(
11、)5It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( ).语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1. _(communicate). She is 2. _(act) in answering the teachers questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3. _(impress) and 4. _ (acc
12、ept). Of course, not every student likes her, but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5. _ (create) and 6. _ (help) girl.For example, she once led a 7. _ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides, she spent 8. _ (count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was
13、 well again.She is 9. _ (friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all, Lucy is the most 10. _ (fame) girl in her school.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Our journey was farreaching amongst snowcovered/capped (雪封的) mountains where no _ (说英语的 ) people live.The local people are _ (相貌好看的), _ (随和的)
14、 and _ (勤劳的)Our hostess was 4 / 7_ (年老的)，_ (白发苍苍的 ) and _ (被太阳晒伤的). She gave me _ (自家做的) yaks milk cake, looking _ (自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very _ (著名) and _ (广泛流传 ) around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the _ (准备好了的 ) bed she prepared for me.三、动词词缀1前缀en 形容词动词enrich v丰富 enl
15、arge v变大；增大；扩大2形容词en动词shorten v缩短 widen v加宽3fy 结尾的动词simplify v简化 classify v归类4ize 结尾的动词realize v认识到 popularize v普及针对训练.阅读下列句子， 写出画线部分的意思1Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.( )2. The two countries are trying their best to normali
16、ze_their_relationship. ( )3.Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons.( )4You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.( ).用所给单词的适当形式填空1Try your best to _ (memory) these new words.2The question must be _ (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.3It costs a lot of money
17、 if we plan to_ (pure) the waste water.4He _ (quick) his steps to arrive home earlier.5You can _(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.四、否定词缀1表示否定意义的前缀un 不，非 unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的dis 不，非 dishonest 不诚实的 discontinuous 不连贯的in 不，非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的5 / 7im
18、不，非 impatient 不耐烦的 impossible 不可能的ir 不，非 irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的il 不，非 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的non 不，非 nonexistent 不存在的 nonstop 直达的；连续不断的mis 错误 mislead 误导 misunderstand 误解dis动词(意义相反) dislike 不喜欢 disagree 不同意un动词( 意义相反) uncover 揭开 undress 脱衣服2表示否定意义的后缀名词less否定意义的形容词use n. 用处；用途 useless
19、adj.无用的hope n. 希望 hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的home n家 homeless adj.无家可归的针对训练.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However, Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang kn
20、ew that her appeal was 2.disallowed,_ she felt rather 3.disappointed.She decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now.1_ 2._ _ 3
21、._ _4_ 5._ _.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文 )The speech seemed to be 1. _ (stop) and the listeners became very 2. _ (patient). When the speaker said that oil was 3. _ (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audienc
22、e thought it was 4. _ (practice) and 5. _ (bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6. _ (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7. _ (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would
23、 cause some 8. _ (understand)So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。如果所给单词是其他6 / 7词类， 就要将其改为名词， 并注意名词数的变化。(1)Do you know the_ (deep) of the river?(2)His_ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.(3)He is one of the _ (science) who
24、 support this theory.2动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式。如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词形式。此外，如果所给动词有名词形式，就要看其后有无宾语。如果后有宾语，用动名词形式；后无宾语，则用名词形式。(1)Please pay _ (attend) to your handwriting.动词 attend 本身有名词形式 attention, 所以不用动名词 attending。(2)His _ (arrive) made the situation worse.动词 arrive 本身有名词形式
25、 arrival, 所以不用动名词 arriving。(3)The teacher was angry at my _ (come) late.动词 come 没有名词，所以用动名词 coming。(4)Thank you for your help (help)Thank you for _ (help) me.(5)I was happy because of his _ (appreciate)I was happy because of his _ (appreciate) my speech.上面两组句子中，helping 与 appreciating 后都带有宾语，故用动名词。he
26、lp 与appreciation 后没有宾语，故用名词形式。3动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时， 还要考虑副词级的变化。(1)The boy ran _ (quick) to school.(2)“Whats that?” Father shouted _ (angry)(3)The little girl is _ (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam.(4)Your composition is _(bad) organized. Please do your writing exercise more _ (atte
27、nd) next time.(5)Youre driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more _ (slow)?4名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。如果所需词为形容词时， 还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1) Whats the _ (width) river in the world?(2)The _ (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.针对训练.用所给单词的适当形式填空1Mary was very _ at the news, so she looked _ at her husband, her
28、 eyes full of _.(sad)7 / 72He _ football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match.(play)3Look! How _Kate is laughing! She seems to be the _girl in the world.(happy)4To our _,the headmaster was very _ with our report.(satisfy)5Edison was a great _.During his life he had man
29、y _.(invent)6I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it.(simple)7The boy having the _ of being half starved _, never to be seen again.(appear)8The police _ the pot and _ a plot against the President.(cover)9You are so _ to help me. Thank you for your _.(kindly)10Everything is becoming _ than befo
30、re and many college students had to work to make some money for their college _.(expend).语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文 )A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1. _ (safety)They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2. _ (equip) to dig
31、 holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.They tied up a 3. _ (secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4. _ (investigate) described the 5. _ (rob) as a “6. _ (profession) job”The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7： 00 on Sunday.They entered through the
32、 basements of the 7. _ (neighbour) building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank, which was having building works at the time.When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to 8. _ (move) any trace of evidence, switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.9. _ (fortune), the guard escaped 10. _ (harm)It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.
