1、第 4 讲 词句猜测题词句猜测题常见命题方式：1The underlined word.in the.paragraph refers to/means “ ”2By saying.in the first paragraph，the author means that .3The meaning of.in Paragraph.is related to .4Which of the following has the closest meaning to.(Paragraph.)?5The underlined sentence.in the.paragraph probably mean
2、s that .6Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？1单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or 时，其连接的两项
3、内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。 (4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等 )进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词 it，that，this ，he，him 或 them 等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查
4、找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。典题印证 (2016全国，C 片段)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012，Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time th
5、e stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根
6、据本段第二句中的“I have done 89 trips”及“carry stem cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选 B 项。2句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。典题印证 (2015浙江，D 片段 )They didnt.From day two (everyone
7、 wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small，m
8、edium，and large)，she calculated， “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”Quickly，she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合)Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understandwhich， strangely，I almost always did.In n
9、o time，she became my fifth appendage(附肢)，snoring on my homeoffice couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.56Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”？A “The middleaged person lov
10、es me most.”B “The mediumsized woman is the hostess.”C “The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D “The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”答案 D解析 句意猜测题。根据前面的内容可知，在狗 Misty 眼里， small 指女儿，medium 指作者，large 指丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中是友好而又值得信任的” 。故选 D 项。需要注意的
11、是这句话是狗的心理活动。AShaky hands.Sweaty forehead.Seventeenyearold Oliver is restless，cant focus，and keeps reaching into his empty pockets as his heart pounds with panic.But why？Is he on the run from bad people？Actually，its a much more ordinary situation：Oliver accidentally left his phone at home.Even a five
12、minute trip to the store without his device is enough to fill him with unease and fear.But hes not alone in this feelingthe stress and separation anxiety of going phonefree is so common，its been given a name：nomophobia.Yes，technology helps us stay connected and informed.When technology does everythi
13、ng，however，its easy to become dependent on it.With your phone in your hand，you can look up a date for a history paper without referring to a book.But despite having these shortcuts，students are still spending the same amount of time on homework today as they were 30 years ago.So wheres all that time
14、 going？The answer may be at your fingertips.“I usually keep my phone on the desk or in my pocket while Im doing homework， ” says Oliver.“Ill check any information I get，just as a little break.”A “little break” may sound harmless，but more is happening during that break than you think.Experts say each
15、 beep(嘟嘟声 ) seizes your attention. Triggering(触发) your fight or flight response，which is like a fire alarm for your brain.Its designed to pull your thoughts away from whatever youre doing so you can focus on the “lifeordeath” situation in front of you.This response is vital if you smell smoke or com
16、e across a bear in the woodsbut not so much when you get a text that says “Im so bored.” After that false alarm，it takes your brain up to 30 minutes to regain focusIf it ever gets focus back at all.We should just put our phones down when were busybut its not that simple.In fact， the constant beeps a
17、re purposefully designed to be irresistible(极为诱人的). Theres pressure to be available every moment for fear of missing out (FOMO) on the party，the gossip(闲言碎语)，or simply the connection.But when FOMO is overpowering your brain， theres no room for creativity or problemsolving.语篇解读 如果铃声响起，你会随时随地，不由自主地查看手
18、机吗？如果让你一整天都不使用手机，你会感到焦虑、恐慌、浑身不自在吗？你并不孤单，这个现象已经非常普遍。1Whats wrong with Oliver?AHe is seriously ill.BHe is digitally disconnected.CHis phone seems to be lost.DHis life is full of danger.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“Actually，its a much more ordinary situation：Oliver accidentally left his phone at home.”可知，Oliv
19、er 把手机落在了家里。故选B。2What does the underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 mean?AThe fear of being out of mobile phone contact.BThe unease about going on short trips.CThe stress of being completely free.DThe anxiety of being away from ones family.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句前面的“.the stress and separation an
20、xiety of going phonefree.”可知，nomophobia 意为“无手机恐惧症” 。所以选 A。3Students are still spending a lot of time on homework today mainly because .Athey don t study hard in schoolBthey have too much homeworkCthey are often disturbed by their phonesDthey don t know how to refer to books答案 C解析 推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，学生依赖
21、手机，手机对学生的干扰使他们做作业时间延长了。4It can be inferred that “a little break” .Acan be quite harmfulBis nothing seriousChelps to relax studentsDis good for students health答案 A解析 推理判断题。由第四段第一句中的 sound harmless 和该段的例子可知， “a little break”的危害很大。5According to the last paragraph，FOMO makes people .Aless busy Bmore pop
22、ularCless creative Dmore powerful答案 C解析 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“But when FOMO is overpowering your brain， theres no room for creativity or problemsolving.”可知，FOMO 使人们缺乏创造力。BA lot of interesting things have happened in the past several months as people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money.
23、A lot of changes have been sped up by the fuel shocks during the summer of 2008；in a lot of ways we seem to be returning to the frugal(economical)sensibilities of a past generation.More people are choosing to be more picky when they swipe their credit cards even if that means not buying things until
24、 they have money in their bank accounts，the days of the 0down mortgage(抵押贷款) seem to be murdered，and there is a lot more acceptance of environmentalfriendly technologies that promise to reduce our overall dependency on foreign oil even if it means taking a hit to the superabundance that used to defi
25、ne our quality of living.An interesting new trend being taken by small businesses is the practice of offering discounted prices to customers willing to pay in cash.This is not the same as paying “under the table”rather，the store saves its merchant processing fees and passes those savings on to the c
26、ustomers.The idea is a good one in principlepaying in cash forces consumers to figure out what they are spending as much as it saves stores from transaction(交易) fees.Of course there are drawbacks to the plan.When people pay in cash，they tend to be more conservative with their spending since they tan
27、gibly(really) feel their money leave their possession.That will cause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice before buying highmargin(高边际利润) “impulse” products at checkout whereas before they might not have thought twice before charging it.Increased volume of cash handling opens s
28、tores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉 )，not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physical currency.Our family has saved a fortune by switching to cash.When getting to the bottom of your change jar means no more purchase power until your next pay perio
29、d，you really start to appreciate the fine art of merchandising(做买卖) and the expertise applied to make you want to buy more and more.Cold hard cash feels more organic，and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.语篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 商 业 上 的 一 些 新 变 化 以 及 人 们 对 此 的 反 应 。6From t
30、he passage，we can learn that .Acustomers are in a more favorable position by paying in cashBpeople will not be allowed to use their credit cards if there is no money in their bank accountCpeople have adjusted their way of living to the new situationDpeople are living better than before by paying in
31、cash答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据全文的内容可知出现了新的现象时，人们会慢慢地去适应，故选C。7By saying “people from all walks of life learn how to stretch their money”，the author means that .Apeople walk to work in order to save moneyBpeople of all professions learn to make the best use of their moneyCpeople of the whole society learn to ear
32、n more moneyDall people learn to extend money so that it is worth more答案 B解析 句意理解题。all walks of life 各行各业；stretch their money 充分利用钱；这句话的意思是：来自各行各业的人们都充分利用他们自己的钱。故选 B。8When the customers pay their goods in cash，the stores will be affected in the following ways EXCEPT that .Athe sale of their goods wi
33、ll decrease as the customers are more reluctant to buy thingsBthere is a potential danger of money loss by their staffCit brings a burden to the stores as they need to deal with the cashDthe stores make less money as they need to give some money back to the customers答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“That will c
34、ause stores to lose profits because customers will think twice.”可知，因为顾客买东西时会再三考虑所以商店的销售量会有所下降，选项 A 符合原文；由第三段最后一句 “Increased volume of cash handling opens stores to loss through employee theft at the till(抽屉)，not to mention controls that need to be put into place to count and deposit physical currenc
35、y.”可知，有大量的现金使员工处理现金时负担增大，同时也增加了员工丢失钱的危险，选项 B、C 符合原文；只有选项 D 没有提到，故选D。9What caused people to start to use cash instead of credit cards?AThe rising prices. BHigh unemployment.CThe fuel shocks. DThe economic crisis.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“A lot of changes have been sped up by the fuel shocks during the s
36、ummer of 2008；in a lot of ways we seem to be returning to the frugal(economical) sensibilities of a past generation.”可知，由于燃料的冲击，我们为了节俭，又开始使用现金来代替信用卡，故选 C。10Whats the authors attitude towards the practice of paying in cash?AApproving. BIronic.CUninterested. DOpposed.答案 A解析 推理判断题。approving 赞成的；ironic
37、讽刺的；uninterested 不感兴趣的；opposed反对的。根据最后一段最后一句“Cold hard cash feels more organic，and helps us to appreciate the effort it takes to maintain our lifestyle.”可知，作者对于现金支付是赞成的，故选 A。强化练( 二十一)题组 1(应用广告科普知识生态健康时文报道 )A2016 International Summer SchoolThe 2016 University of Cambridge International Summer Schools
38、 will run in Cambridge from 6 July to 22 August 2016.Our programs give you the opportunity to meet awardwinning lecturers，stay and dine in one of the historic Cambridge Colleges and enjoy a range of weekend excursions(游览) and social activities.To sign up for a program simply apply online，or download
39、 an application form from our website.Places on courses and incollege accommodation are limited，so we encourage applicants to apply early to avoid disappointment.This year we will be offering specialist programs in：Ancient Empires，Science，Literature ，History，Shakespeare，Medieval Studies and new for
40、2016，Creative Writing and Hanseatic League.If you are looking to study a number of different subject areas， the Interdisciplinary Summer School is ideal.It is divided into three terms，Interdisciplinary Summer School Term ，Interdisciplinary Summer School Term and Interdisciplinary Summer School Term
41、，covering a wide range of subjects including archaeology，politics，philosophy，economics，literature ， history and international relations.You can opt to do one or two terms.But most students choose all the three terms.The Cambridge English for Academic Purposes program combines a twoweek intensive (强化
42、)language course with a twoweek academic program.This allows students to put into practice the language skills they have learned during the first two weeks of the program.Applicants will also have the opportunity to sign up for weekend excursions and take part in various events.If you want to join u
43、s in 2016，please click here to download a copy of brochure(手册)If you want to find out more information about 2016 International Summer School，you can visit www.ice.cam.ac.uk/intsummer.(CLICK HERE)What our students say“The entire experience was even better than I expected.I absolutely loved it.” Sall
44、y，USA“I believe that the Science International Summer School was a fulfilling experience.I think that everyone should attend this Summer School at least once in a lifetime.” Dominika，Poland语篇解读 本文介绍了剑桥大学 2016 年暑期培训课程的具体信息以及相关特色。目的在于吸引更多人报名参加。1What should people do if they want to sign up for a progr
45、am in this ad?AThey should go to Cambridge by plane.BThey should phone Cambridge.CThey should apply for the program online.DThey should call for an application form.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“To sign up for a program simply apply online，or download an application form from our website.”可知要想报名需要简单地在网上进行申
46、请。故 C 正确。2Why are the applicants encouraged to apply early?AThe earlier they apply，the less they will pay.BThere are not enough places for the courses or incollege accommodation.CIf they apply late，they have to live out of Cambridge College.DThe reason is not mentioned in the passage.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据
47、文章第二段“Places on courses and incollege accommodation are limited，so we encourage applicants to apply early to avoid disappointment.”可知课程的名额有限，所以最好提前申请。故 B 正确。3Whats the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3?ATo choose to do something.BTo avoid doing a duty.CTo decide not to be part of a group
48、.DTo decide on something.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据后句“But most students choose all the three terms.”但是大部分学生选择所有的三门课程，可知 opt 表示“ 选择”。故 A 正确。4According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?AAll the programs include a twoweek intensive English course.BApplicants can enter for weekend excursion and take part in various events.CApplicants can choose both the twoweek courses.DApplicants can live in the college for free.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Applicants will also have the opportunity to sign up for weekend excursions and take part in various
