1、1Book3 Unit 2 Healthy eating教材分析和教材重组教材分析本单元的中心话题是“健康饮食”。本单元将通过谈论健康饮食，让学生了解饮食与健康方面的有关知识并且能根据所学知识审视自己、审视食物，提高自己饮食方面的意识。日常生活中少吃汉堡、薯条等高热量低营养食品，多吃水果、蔬菜和谷物，远离肥胖和亚健康状态。1. Warming Up部分通过问题向学生询问饮食构成，让学生对本单元的内容能有一个初步的了解，并使学生复习与有关饮食的单词和短语。然后让学生回答一组问题，通过这些问题的讨论，引导学生参与表达自己的看法，激发学生兴趣和好奇心，让学生自然而然地进入下一部分的学习。2.Pre-
2、reading 部分通过几个问题讨论，让学生认识平衡营养的重要性，为课文的学习做出铺垫。3. Reading 部分主要讲述王鹏伟和咏慧开饭店的不同风格，经营的菜肴以及顾客对不同食品的不同反响，反映了现代人对饮食的关注和时尚追求。文章结尾一句话 The competition between the two restaurants was on!给读者留下了悬念, 引起学生极大兴趣,使学生有继续阅读的欲望。4. Comprehending 分为两部分。第一部分通过 True or False 的练习，使学生对文章有一个浅层次的理解。第二部分通过完成四个句子使学生了解到王鹏伟和咏慧两个饭店各自的优
3、势和劣势。5Learning about Language 部分突出了词汇和语法的学习与训练。本单元的语法是情态动词 ought to 等的基本用法。6. Using Language 分为两三部分。听的部分是主体阅读文章内容的继续，主要讲述鹏伟到图书馆查寻资料，发现他和咏慧的饭店提供的食物都存在片面性，从中学到许多有关健康食品的知识。通过听，学生了解到哪些是能量食品（energy-giving foods） ，哪些是健身食品（body-building foods） ，哪些是保健食品（protective foods） ，还有两家餐馆所提供食物的营养和作用。读的部分继续讲述故事，经过一段磨合
4、，鹏伟和咏慧将菜单合并，决定合作，提出为顾客提供既有能量又有纤维的食品。富有戏剧性的是, 最后两人结婚，共同经营这家饭店。整个故事不仅让学生在阅读中感受到故事的趣味性，还教会了他们如何改变饮食习惯，改善饮食结构，丰富饮食文化。说和写部分结合生活实际，让学生两人一组研究中餐并设计食谱，使学生将书本所学的知识运用到实际生活中，锻炼其口语和书面表达能力。1. 教学重点(1) 本单元的生词和短语；(2) 掌握情态动词 ought to/ have to/ mustnt/ neednt 等的基本用法；(3) 了解合理的膳食、饮食习惯、饮食结构与饮食文化，掌握有关词汇。2. 教学难点(1) 增进学生对饮食
5、文化的理解，了解和感悟饮食文化；(2) 如何正确处理矛盾、解决问题；(3) 如何给予劝告，提出建议。教材重组1. 将 Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading 与Comprehending 整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。2. 将 Learning about Language 和 Workbook 的 using words and expressions 及 using structures 整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。3. 将 Using Language 设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一） ”。4. 将 Workbook 的 READING AND LI
6、STENING 和TALKING 结合在一起上一节“听说课”。5. 将 Workbook 的 LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK 和 SPEAKING TASK 设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。课时分配Period 1: Words and expressionsPeriod 2: Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading 1 Reading in workbook (p. 52)Period 7: Using language: Speaking and writingPeriod 2 Warming Up, Pre-rea
7、ding, Reading she was standing in the front of restaurants to welcome her customers.b. food: There were only two kinds of food and one drink, raw vegetables, fruit and water.c. prices: It costs more than a good meal in Wang Pengs restaurant.3) Part 3:Wang Peng came to visit Yong Huis restaurant:a. r
8、ealize: After reading, he realized what was wrong with Yong Huis restaurant.b. after eating: People would become tired very quickly.c. Competition: The competition between the two was on.3. Let Ss read the text again and find out the differences between the two restaurants.Suggested Answer:Wang Peng
9、s Yong Huismenu mutton kebabs, roast pork, fried rice fruit, water, raw vegetablesstrength energy foods, fit fiber foods, slimweakness fat, not enough fibernot enough energy, feel tired fastprice not very expensive expensive4. Summary:Wang Peng felt frustrated in an empty restaurant because no custo
10、mers have come to his restaurant ever since he got up early in the morning. He wanted to find out why. He hurried out and followed Lao Li into a newly-opened restaurant. He found that the owner named Yong Hui was serving slimming/fiber foods to make people thin. Driven by curiosity, Wang Peng came f
11、orward to take a close looks at the menu. He could not even believe his eyes. He was amazed at what he saw. He hurried outside and went to the library to do some research. After a lot of reading, he realized that Yong Huis food made people become tired quickly because there was not energy-giving foo
12、d. Arriving home Wang Peng rewrote his own sign. The competition between the two restaurants was on!5. Ask Ss to discuss the following question.1) What do you think Wang Peng will provide to win his customers back?2) How do you think the story will end?Period 3: Language points and understanding for
13、 the first reading: Come and eat here (1)Step 1: Get students to paraphrase the following sentences in their own words.1. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.2. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!3.
14、Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.Suggested Answer:1. Li Chang always came to his restaurant so if he did not, it meant that something serious had happened to stop him.2. He did not want Yong Hui to tell lies and people to believe her.3. If he gave his customers
15、cheaper prices and advertised the benefits of his menu, perhaps his customers would return.Step 2: Language points (refer to PPT)1. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.This sentence means that the second action “feeling very frustrated” happened together with the main actio
16、n “sat”. Pay attention to the form (v-ing) of the second action.2. Nothing could be better.This sentence tells us that everything has worked out the way you would like. Its a sentence that we can use in any situation.3. He couldnt have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!This sentence mea
17、ns that he will punish Yong Hui for her telling lies.Period 4: Using language: Listening and Reading 2: Come and eat here (2)Step 1. Listening1. Lead Ss to the topic of the listening text. 2. Play the tape twice and ask Ss to complete the two forms on P14.3. Ask Ss to answer the following questions.
18、(1) What does a balanced diet mean according to the expert?(2) Does it matter how much fish, meat or cheese you eat?Step 2. Reading: Come and eat here (2)1. Pre-reading(1) Ask Ss to look at the following proverbs and translate them into Chinese. You are what you eat. An apple a day keeps the doctor
19、away. First wealth is health.Suggested Answers: 人如其食。 一天一个苹果,医生不找我。 健康是人生的第一财富。(2) Let Ss list more English proverbs and discuss them.2. Fast reading Purpose: to get Ss to continue enjoying the story of Wang Peng and Yong Hui.a. Ask Ss to read the second part of the text Come and eat here and try to
20、 get the main idea.b. Ask Ss to discuss the following questions.(1) Why was Wang Peng worried?3(2) Why was Yong Hui very angry?(3) What did Wang Pengs research show?(4) What did Wang Peng suggest at last?(3) After the discussion, ask Ss to answer the questions of Ex 1.3. Intensive readingAsk Ss to r
21、ead the text again and complete the following form.Suggested Answer:The food in the new menu Result1. raw vegetables with hamburgers1. cut down the fat2. the boiled potatoes, not fried 2. increase the fibre3. fresh fruit with ice cream 3. a big success4. Language points (refer to ppt)Period 5: Disco
22、vering useful words and expressions: Book (p. 12) Reading in workbook (p. 52)Step 1 Grammar: Modal verb (2)Purpose: To get Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: modal verb (2)一 ought to / ought not to 1. ought to 意为“ 应该、应当 ”。没有人称和数的变化。它可以表示义务或责任，语气比较强；可以表示建议或劝告；也可以表示推断。1) He left 2 hours ago s
23、o he ought to be there by now. 他两小时前动身的，现在该到那里了。2) He said I ought to write an article about it. 他说我应当写一篇文章谈这事。2. ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 或 oughtnt to, 其一般疑问句形式是将 ought 放于主语前。1) You ought not/ oughtnt to drive if you are feeling so tired. 你要是觉得困的话就不该开车。2) Ought we to have done it? 我们本应该做此事吗？3.
24、根据不同情况，ought to 后可接不同的动词形式。后接动词形式 用法 例句动词原形 现在或将来的情况That ought to be him coming upstairs now. 正在上楼的准是他。进行式 正在进行的事 You oughtnt to be talking so much.你不宜讲这么多话。完成式 用于过去的情况I ought to have helped her. 我本应该帮助她的。4. ought to you ought to look after her.你是她的母亲，你应该照顾她。 （道义上的责任，不能和should 互换）2) You ought not to
25、 read in the sun.你不应当在阳光下看书。 （主语是 you,含有劝告的意思）3) We should encourage him for we are his classmates.我们是同学，应该鼓励他。4) One shouldnt be selfish.人啊！千万别自私。 在反义疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以：Bob ought to be at home now, shouldnt/ oughtnt he? 鲍勃现在该到家了,不是吗？二 have to/ dont have to 1. have to 表示客观的必须，意为 “必须、不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定
26、式和疑问式应由助动词 do 构成。1) We will have to finish it by the end of this year.年底之前我们必须做完。2) Did you have to tell him about that? 你必须把那件事情告诉他吗？3) You dont have to talk so loud. 你讲话的声音用不着那么大。 have to & must must 和 have to 都表示“必须、不得不”。 must 表示说话者强烈的决心，即主观的看法。 have to 表示外力环境或习惯使然，客观的必要；在口语中，have got to 可代替 must
27、。You must (have got to) obey your parents. 你必须服从父母。2. dont have to 是 have to 的否定式，表示没有义务或没有必要做某事，意为“不必” ，常用来回答 must 提问的一般疑问句；而 must 的否定式 mustnt 表示禁止。1) They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。2) Must I finish the task right now? 我现在必须完成这项工作吗？-No, you dont have to. (=No, you neednt)
28、不，不必。-Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。三 need/ neednt/ dare“need”表示“需要” 或“ 必要”，既可以作情态动词，也可以做实义动词。1. 作为情态动词， “need”常用于否定句和疑问句。无词形变化。1) You neednt return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.你现在不必还书， 你如果愿意，可以在下周还。2) Need he do his homework first?他需要先做他的作业吗？2. 作为实义动词时， “need”可用
29、于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，随着主语的人称和数而变化，通常用法为：主语 + need + to do （主语和 to do 间为主谓关系）主语 + need + doing/ to be done（主语和 do 之间为动宾关系）主语 + need + n.1) He has grown up. We dont need to worry about him. 他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。2) -Does he need to go there?- Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.3) The house needs cleaning. / to be cleane
30、d.这房子需要打扫了。4) It is a question that needs very careful consideration.这是一个需要谨慎考虑的问题。 用作情态动词时，以 need 开头的疑问句的否定回答用4neednt；肯定回答用 must.-Need you go now? 你必须现在走吗？-Yes, I must. 是的，我必须现在就走。-No, I neednt. 不，不必。3. dare 用作情态动词，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。疑问句用：Dare he/ they/ you? 否定句用darent。1) How dare she do thing
31、s like that to me?她怎么敢对我做那种事？2) -Dare you catch the mouse?你敢去抓那只老鼠吗？-I darent do that. 我不敢。3) If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.如果你敢跟我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。 补充：一 had better 的用法1. had better 为情态动词，可缩写为 d better，没有人称和数的变化。意为“最好，还是好。 ”其后接不带 to 的不定式。表示现在或者将来“最好”，而不指过去。1) It occurred to
32、 me that we had better go and have a picnic outside.我突然想到我们最好到外面野炊。2) You had better write to your parents once a month.你最好每个月给你父母写一次信。2. had better 的疑问句形式通常是把 had 提前放于句首。had better 在陈述句中的否定形式与在疑问句中的形式是不同的。在陈述句中，better 放在 not 之前。在疑问句中，not 可放在主语后和 better 前，也可放在 had 后和主语前。1) Had I better do my homewor
33、k?我最好做作业吗？2) Youd better not play football in the street.你最好别在街上踢足球。3) Hadnt you better give up smoking?你是不是最好把烟戒掉？二 情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词使用场合对现在和未来事情的推测对过去事情的推测 意思must 肯定句 must+ 动词原 must have 一定，形 done 准是may/ might肯定句、否定句may/ might+ 动词原形may/ might have done可能，也许can/ could否定句、疑问句（could 可以用在肯定句中）can/ could
34、+ 动词原形can/ could have done可能，也许should肯定句、否定句、疑问句should+动词原形（用于表示一种估计的情况）should have done按理会，估计会1) The story he told us must be true. 他告诉我们的故事一定是真的。2) It may (might) have rained during the night. 夜间可能下雨了。3) The boy is honest. He cant tell lies. 那个男孩很诚实，他不可能撒谎。“情态动词+ have done”的用法1. must have done 表示对
35、过去已经发生的事情进行推测，只能用于肯定句中，意思是“想必，准是，一定做了某事”。在否定句与疑问句中分别用 cant 和 can.1) They were late. Something must have happened to them. 他们来晚了，肯定发生了什么事情。2) Can you sure that you have informed her? 你肯定你通知她了吗？3) He cant have lied to us, for he is very honest 他不可能对我们撒谎，因为他非常诚实。2. may/ might have done 表示对过去已经发生的事情的推测，
36、意思是“也许/ 或许”，一般只能用在肯定句或否定句中，不能用于疑问句中。用 might 时语气更加不肯定；同时 might have done也可以表示“本来某事可能发生，但实际上并没有发生”；还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”，含有轻微的责备语气。1) He may not have heard of the news. 可能他还没听说这个消息。2) She might have been hurt. 她可能受到了伤害。3) You shouldnt have run in the street. You might have been knocked down. 你不应该在街上跑，你可能会
37、被撞倒的。3. should/ ought to have done 用于肯定句，表示“本应该做某事，而事实上没有做”；用于否定句中，表示“不该做的事情反而做了”。1) You should have done more exercise before. 以前你应该多从事一些锻炼活动。2) We ought to have gone there by taxi. 我们本应该打的到那里去的。4. neednt have done 表示做了本来不必做的事。而 didnt need to do 表示“没必要做某事而实际上也没有做”。1) You neednt have told me the new
38、s. I have already known it. 你本不必告诉我这个消息，我已经知道了。2) I didnt need to paint the chair. My father did it. 我不必漆这把椅子。我父亲漆过了。5. had better have done 用于事后的建议，含有轻微责备的口吻，意思是“当时最好做了某事” ，其否定形式为 had better not have done.1) We had better have followed his advice. 我们当时最好听取他的建议。2) You had better not have scolded her
39、. 你当时最好没有责备她。6. would rather have done 表示“ 当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定形式为 would rather not have done，两者表示相反的含义，都表示“后悔”的意思。1) I would rather have called on him last week. 我宁愿上周去拜访他了。2) I was angry with her then, but now I would rather not have done that. 我当时很生她的气，但是现在我希望没有那样做。7. could have done 用于肯定句，表示“可能已经”，此外，还
40、可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思是“本来可以”。You could have done it well, but you were too careless. 你本来可以做好它，但是你太马虎了。Step 2: Ask Ss to read the text again and pay attention to the modal verbs and then finish Ex 1、2、3(book p.13) & Ex 1(workbook p. 50)Step 3: Reading on workbook (p.52)5Period 7: Using language: Speaking
41、 and writingStep 1: SpeakingPurpose: To examine diets and see how balanced they are1. Ask Ss to discuss the following questions.(1) What do you need before you order a meal?(2) What is on a menu?2. Ask Ss to compare the following two menus and complete the following sentences.Menus 1Meal Main kind(s
42、) of foodnoodles energy-givingjiaozi body-building and energy-givingpork body-building and energy-givingchicken with mushrooms body-building and protectivedry bean curd body-buildingMenus 2Meal Main kind(s) of foodrice energy-givingsteamed perch(鲈鱼) body-buildingstir fried French beans with bamboo s
43、hoots (冬笋扁豆)protective stir fried tomato with egg protective, body-building stir fried beef with chilli and peanuts(宫爆牛肉)body-building and energy-givingspicy tofu body-buildingSpinach soup with vermicelli (菠菜粉丝汤)protective and energy-giving(1) Items of energy-giving food:_.(2) Items of body-building
44、 food:_.(3) Items of protective food:_.Suggested Answer:(1) Items of energy-giving food: noodles, jiaozi, pork, vermicelli, rice, peanuts, eggs.(2) Items of body-building food: jiaozi, pork, chicken with mushrooms, bean curd, carp, beef, tofu.(3) Items of protective food: chicken with mushrooms, Fre
45、nch beans with bamboo shoot, tomato, spinach.(3) Do you know which menu is a southern diet and which is a northern menu?Suggested Answer:Menu 1 is a northern menu and menu 2 is a southern menu.(4) Which menu is a balanced menu?Suggested Answer:Menu 2.(5) Why do you think its a balanced menu?Suggested Answer:Because there is a good mixture of body-building food, energy-giving food and protective food. The food is cooked without too much fat and with a mixture of slow and fast energy food.Step 2: WritingGet students to write a short passage about their restaurant and its service.
