1、污水处理常见微生物图片 废水活性污泥显微镜照片（Microscopic pictures of activated sludge in wastewater treatment）Microscopic pictures of activated sludge in wastewater treatmentWww Business Directory Blog Suppliers | | |Jobs News Technologies Resources | | | | Plants Directory Pollution Watch | |Chinese versionWastewater
2、treatment, activated sludge and other common microorganism photo: roaming bug bell (shaped) Straw insect insect flagellate didinium Paramecium, rotifer amoeba flagellate Epistylis caterpillar copepod rotifer algae nematodeFungusRelated web pages:English Version: Wastewater Microbes/Microorganisms Ph
3、otographic Catalogue:Photos Pictures: amoebae flagellates ciliates protozoans protozoon VorticellaRotifers nematodes algae fungus/fungiPart 1: Microorganisms and Activated SludgeMicroorganism and sludge ageYoung sludge: Amoebae and flagellates predominate with a few free swimmingCiliates.Young sludg
4、e contains more amoebae (Amiba, amoeba, also ameba, complex form) and flagellates (flagellates), and there are also some free swimming ciliates. The amoeba moves and preys with the help of the wing, causing the body to change.Mature sludge: For municipal wastewater treatment plants the most desirabl
5、eStage of the ecological succession is the stage where both stalked ciliates andFree swimming ciliates are observed with possibly a few rotifers. This stage isIs correlated with rapid settling of solids and easy separation of solids fromWater. The resulting effluent is correspondingly low in turbidi
6、ty, suspendedSolids and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Mature sludge is the most desired for sewage plants and often contains ciliate ciliates (ciliates),Stalked ciliates) and free swimming ciliates (free swimming ciliates). And some Rotifers (rotifers) were also observed.Older sludge are characte
7、rized by increasing numbers of rotifers and nematodesWith fewer stalked ciliates. increased the rotifer and nematode (nematodes) in old sludge, and there were stem (stem) ciliates (stalked)Ciliates) decrease.Both the young and the old sludge are associated with poor high settling andEffluent turbidi
8、ty. Both are conditions municipal wastewater treatment operatorsStrive to avoid.Other reference:Indicative function of microorganisms(1)The results showed that the effect of treatment was good, and the effluent BOD5 and turbidity were low. (such as small bell worms, eight bell worms, Gou Vorticella,
9、 Vorticella, pleated bottle Epistylis, micro plate worms, single shrinkage Bug) these types of Peritrichida are fixed on the floc, and with the window and turning, with some crawlingThe quality and maturity of activated sludge are described as follows: e(2) the small bell worm is often the dominant
10、strain in the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.(3) if a large number of flagellates appeared, but few of them were alive, indicating that the purification was poor.(4) a large number of free swimming ciliates appeared, indicating that the purification was not very good, and the
11、 turbidity of the effluent increased.(5) if there are mainly ciliate, such as Bell worm, insect, insect, rotifer, small hair class, the water quality is clear, and the water is clear and transparent,The removal rate of phenols was above 90%.(6) the emergence of a large number of foot beetles is ofte
12、n the result of sludge poisoning.(7) in the treatment of domestic sewage, the emergence of a large number of insects is the symptom of sludge bulking and flocculation.(8) in the printing and dyeing waste water, as the indicator of normal or improved sludge.(9) in the treatment of petroleum wastewate
13、r, the emergence of H. H. H. is an ideal result.(10) the presence of excess rotifers is a sign of sludge bulking.In some sludge which is not suitable for the growth of protozoa, the size of bacterial micelles should be considered in order to determine the treatment effect.The guiding role of 2. micr
14、o organisms in wastewater reuse treatmentCharacteristics and roles of main microbial groups in activated sludge 3.Part 2: Microbes/microorganisms in sludge and their picturesTwo. Microorganisms in sewage sludge and their microscopic picturesBefore you look at this page, you can take a look at a few
15、pages of common microbes in sewage treatment:Http:/content.edu.tw/junior/bio/tc_wc/textbook/apa/text-apa-1.htm traditional ChineseHttp:/ sludge Zoo (Japanese)Taxonomic Data AccessWastewater Microbes PicturesCategory English and Chinese name | pictures video size (m) characteristics, indicationAmoeba
16、 ameba amoeba, Amiba, dozens to hundredsFlagellates flagellate Pigmented flagellates (single-celled) is less than ten 10Peritrichida (Order)Phylum Protozoaciliates ciliates ranging from several to several hundredCiliate Stalked CiliatesFree swimming ciliates free swimming ciliatesVorticella (Genus)
17、Zhong Chong (genus) 40175 is aliveVorticella MicrostomaBig bell wormEight clock insect Vorticella OctavaVorticella ConvallariaZhezhongchongNebula clock wormMicro disk cover insectsSole wormInhabiting wormseuplotesoxytrichaInferior tracheal leaf wormParamecium ParameciumEpistylisEpistylis RotansCover
18、.OligochaeteRhizopod (Rhizopoda)The excessive occurrence of rotifers rotifers in multicellular animals is a harbinger of sludge bulkingThe multicellular nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans is larger than the previous variety of microorganismsAlgae algaeFungus, fungi fungiThe above list is mainly throug
19、h the microbial names in English and Chinese picture search, if there is a mistake, you are welcome to point out. You can also search through the top and right search engines to find more pictures.It is recommended to find the correct English name, then search for pictures, compare the search result
20、s with each other, and consult the books, so as to ensure that the pictures you find are correct.In addition, it is recommended to refer to the drawings in the standard water sample test manual of APHA AWWA.Wastewater organisms: a color atlas / Sharon G. Berk and John H. Gunderson.Biological classif
21、icationProkaryotes (prokaryote, also procaryote) eukaryotes (eukaryote, also ecaryote) protozoa fungiNitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus accumulating bacteria and so onFilamentous bacteriaFilamentous bacteria, or bulking bacteria occur in activated sludge plants orLagoons. Low num
22、bers of filaments are thought to be helpful by flocs pulling pinTogether so flocs become heavy enough to settle.See pictures of filamentous bacteria filaments filamentous bacteriaFilamentous bacteria filamentous bacteriaAmoebaeAmoebae are some of the earliest organisms to be observed as the activate
23、dSludge process develops. They are associated with “young sludge“. They move andEat by sending out “false feet“, pseudopods, that serve both for locomtion andTo engulf small particles of organic material and bacteria.See pictures of amoebae amoebaFlagellated ProtozoansFlagellated protozoans range in
24、 size, shape and number of flagella. A flagellumIs a tail-like structure comprised of protein that whips back and forth causingThe organism to move through the water. Most flagella push the protozoan; a fewProtozoans have flagella that pull them through the water. One or more flagellaMay occur at ei
25、ther end of the protozoan.See pictures of Flagellated Protozoans, flagella, flagellates.Ciliated ProtozoansCiliated protozoans have hair-like structures all over the surface of the cell,Also made of protein, that wave back and forth causing the organism to move.These organisms engulf bacteria and sm
26、all particles for food, with some of theLarger ciliates that pry on smaller ciliates and flagellates. They occur atAbout the same time in sludge succession as the flagellated protozoans.See pictures of ciliated protozoans, ciliateStalked Ciliated ProtozoansStalked ciliated protozoans are the organis
27、ms most highly regarded by sewageWaste treatment operators. They are associated with sludge that settles readilyAnd with low suspended solids in the supernatant from the clarifier. The stalkIs stuck to the floc so the organism is “rooted“ in the floc. The body of theCiliate is perched on the end of
28、the from stalk with cilia at the opposite endThe stalk. The cilia wave back and forth producing a current small that sweeps中，细菌进入细胞。茎实际上是弹簧状的和卷状的。慢慢地变成春天。周期性地释放弹簧和线圈。一个新的方向，把原生动物的身体带到一个新的地方颗粒和细菌可以被纤毛扫入纤毛虫的身体。有些形式有不成熟的阶段，缺乏茎，但有纤毛。看到 vorticellar钟虫图片，一种典型的纤毛原生动物追踪。茎末端有一个细胞。其他类型的分枝的茎和多种细胞包括累枝虫，独缩，和 oper
29、cularia。Protozoan Cysts当环境条件（ph、温度、养分浓度） ，废物和有毒化合物是有害的，许多原生动物都有这种能力。泡沫囊肿。囊肿有细胞壁抵抗低或高 pH值，低或高。温度、毒素和干燥。由于细胞没有代谢，食物和细胞外的其他物质未被带入细胞内。the strategy是为了避免与环境接触，直到环境改善。囊肿也可能由于繁殖而发生。见原生动物囊肿图片。轮虫轮虫是一种消化道的多细胞生物，肌肉和多数为女性的生殖系统。在头部是扫描的纤毛。细菌和微粒进入动物体内。一些轮虫有较重的纤毛除了把小颗粒扫入口腔外，还提供运动。一prominent feature of the digestive
30、system is the mastax which is comprised of围绕一系列硬化的下巴，浸渍食品肌肉颗粒。一些污水厂的员工更喜欢在他们看到更多的轮虫活性污泥。对于这些植物定居优化时，更多totifers观察。在一些植物中更多的轮虫是相关的老泥厂职工增加污泥浪费。轮虫轮虫图片。Nematodes线虫是一端带嘴的蛔虫，消化道和肛门在另一个。在污水处理厂，它们以碎石为食。包括细菌在内的有机物质颗粒。有些形式是食肉动物吃原生动物、轮虫和线虫。线虫与老动物有联系。污泥.当污泥中出现大量人员时，一般是典型的操作人员。增加损耗率。对 netmatodes线虫图片。藻类与食物工厂相关的预处理
31、设施通常已经进化。many year. 食品罐头，冷冻，包装晚宴，牛奶和奶酪工厂，以及屠宰场通常位于其原材料附近的农村地区。提出了。土地成本相对低廉，特别是在当时。许多植物被建造了。在二十世纪六十年代和七十年代，通常的做法是当另一个限制发生时，挖另一个洞来储存脏水。这个结果通常是一连串的泻湖或池塘经常聚集几个。数百万加仑。多年来，排放法规变得越来越严格。strict and suburbia has often grown closer to the plant. 泻湖是充气的。第一个或两个泻湖表现为活性污泥处理系统。并包含上面描述的生物体。系统中随后的泻湖藻类生长的结果通常是绿色的。藻类有助
32、于总悬浮固体，并可能导致总悬浮物超过。排放限值。有目标去除溶液中磷的池塘，藻类可能有作用。在这种情况下，一种收集和收获的方法。藻类是必需的，所以磷被去除了。另一种选择是考虑人工湿地和水生植物以及藻类。看到海藻藻类图片。藻类:滋味和气味：Asterionella、鱼腥藻、组囊藻、水网，uroglenopsis，甲藻，藻角藻、Nitella、鱼鳞藻属，astaurastrum，Aphanizomenon，Staurastrum，Gomphosphaeria，Tabellaria，Pandorina，Synura，Volvox，Dinobryonfilter clogging algae: Anac
33、ystis, Dinobryon, Cybella, Tribonema, Chlorella,syndedra、藻、Melosira、Rivularia、小环藻、Tabellaria、Navicula，Spirogyra，星杆藻属，帕尔梅拉，Fragilaria，鱼腥藻，Diatoma污染水体的藻类：Pyrobotrys、席藻、菱形藻、lepocinclis，Agmenellum，标准的鱼腥藻、裸藻、水绵、四角藻属、种，颤藻、扁裸藻、小球藻、组囊藻、stigeclonium Chlorogonium，Gomphonema，Lyngbya，Arthrospira 衣，干净的水藻：Surirel
34、la、rhizoclonium、Pinnularia、小环藻，Cladophora，Rhodomonas，纤维，chrysococcus，Agmenelum，Navicula，Coccochloris, Ulothrix, Micrasterias, Calothrix, Meridion, Entophysalis,Phacotus, Hildenbrandia, Chromulina,32.0307.1e-8protozoavorticella microstoma3.35.0203.9e-6epistylis plicatilis1.610.220 -colpidium campylun
35、3.64.7201.6e-6paramecium caudatum1.412.0203.0e-4tetrahymena pyriformis5.33.1251.4e-6colpoda steinii5.53.0301.2e-6stentor coeruleus0.7522.1195.0e-3aspidisca costata1.213.620 -metazoarotaria sp.0.2859.120 -philodina sp.0.2372.0201.8e-4lecane sp.0.315420 -aeolosoma hemprichi0.3547.3203.8e-4nais sp.0.12
36、138206.6e-3pristina sp.0.1213820 -we sp.0.0723820 -difference between bacteria (procaryotes) and protozoans, algae and fugi(eucaryotes)intracellular organelles (small organs inside the single cell) can be seen onmany of these photomicrographs of amoebae and protozoans. intracellularorganelles includ
37、es the nucleus of the cell, a food vacuole, and other specializedstructures. organelles are surrounded by a membrane that separates them from therest of the cell. the digestive enzymes are secreted into food vacuoles to digestthe food particle and avoid exposure of the rest of the cell to the enzyme
38、s.bacteria lack intracellular structures that are visible with light parison of biotas between activated sludge & and film (tricklingfilter)活性污泥与微生物膜 (滴滤池微生物膜) 生物物种的比较“hawkes comparing the biotas of trickling filter slime and activated sludge.i have shown in the figure above. as metazoas (roundabout
39、, nematoda, insecta.shellfish, oligochaeta, etc) are all large - sized, whose length ranges fromseveral millimeters to a few centimeters, and who prey on film microbesdiligently, resulting in a remarkable decrease of excess sludge productions.moreover, an ecosystem with plan different biota is a sta
40、ble system whichenables to stable treatment effect inevitably. those bacteria, who utilizesubstrates slowly assimilated or substrates with low value of growth yield.always have relatively small specific growth rates. “therefore, mcirobial filmprocesses have excellent performance in removing such sub
41、strates. “hawkes对活性污泥与滴滤池泥浆进行比较, 如上图所示.后生动物体积都较大, 从几毫米到几厘米不等, 并以捕食生物膜上的微生物为生, 所以导致多余污泥产量的减少.另外, 具有多样性生物的生态体系比较稳定, 所以处理效果也稳定.那些食用消化较慢的基质或者生长产率较低的基质的细菌, 比生长速率通常较低.所以生物膜去除此类基质的效果很好。来源：Shigehisa Iwai 与生物膜，废水处理，TakaneKitao，P16，Technomic 的出版公司，1994。工艺条件与生物体的现状/人口Process Conditions生物种群Poor BOD5 and TSS Rem
42、oval主要是分散的细菌无絮体形成阿米巴多云 effluentpredominance鞭虫目前一些纤毛虫质量较差的污水分散的细菌一些絮体形成变形虫和鞭毛虫 effluentpredominance多云一些自由游泳型纤毛虫满意的出水良好的絮体形成沉降性好好 claritypredominance自由游泳型纤毛虫几个变形虫和鞭毛虫出水质量高优良的絮凝体形成沉降性能良好有柄纤毛虫出水 claritypredominanceSome free-swimming ciliatesA few rotifers几类高固低出水 BOD5高沉降污泥量多云的 effluentpredominance轮虫Large
43、 numbers of stalked ciliates一些自由游泳型纤毛虫无鞭毛Source: Frank R. Spellman, Spellmans Standard Handbook for Wastewater运营商的基本水平，卷 1，技术出版社，199，Page一百五十七显微镜显微镜构造通过显微镜可以观察微生物，通过显微镜和数码相机的结合应用可以对微生物进行拍照。粒径微粒大小的计算方法Particle size can be determined from the photomicrographs using the following方程：从拍到的照片，微粒大小可以用以下的公式计算。粒度=（尺寸/放大倍数）x 1000尺寸=打印尺寸为毫米放大倍率=放大打印，通常 320x，800x 或 2000x放大微粒大小（以微米为单位）相片上的微粒尺寸（以毫米计）1000放大倍数乘以 1000是为了把微粒大小的单位换算成为微米。1000乘数将毫米微米（微米，1 微米10exp-6 m） 。粒度以微米表示。要搜索微生物的图片/图片/照片，请尝试以下内容图像搜索引擎：建议您使用以下图片搜索引擎找寻更多污水处理微生物图片。http:/ 年 www.watertreatment。天堂上一次更新 2007-06-24
