1、1作文主体段扩展十八个话题(350 句)第一类全球化及影响Topic 1 外来人口对文化的益处和冲突（AD）Topic 2 媒体信息一致的优缺点（DG）Topic 3 商业和文化的接触对一个国家特征的丧失优缺点（DG）Topic 4 旅游业对于文化保护的益处和弊端（DG）Topic 5 接受当地文化或建立小型社区的好处（DG）Topic 6 英语作文全球性语言的优缺点（AD）Topic 7 进口蔬菜和水果的好处和坏处（DG）1、商业利益和价值Commercial interest and economic value2、很多当地人表现的非常友好和好客，Many local people are
2、 friendly and hospitable,3、这有助于文化的交流Which is helpful for promoting cultural communications?4、对其他的文化和人民更了解A better understanding of other cultures and other people5、促进文化的融合，消除文化障碍Promote cultural integration, remove cultural barriers6、接受不同的文化和价值观Embrace different cultures and values7、减少工作机会，增加竞争Reduc
3、e opportunities of jobs, increase competition8、促进文化多样性Promote cultural diversity9、不在尊重传统文化Lose respect to traditional values10、文化产品Cultural goods/commodities/products11、降低文化多样性Degrade cultural diversity12、贫富差距增大Widening the gap between the richest and the poorest of the world213、损害社会团结erosion of soc
4、ial solidarity14、传统观念/价值Traditional/older/traditionally-held values/perceptions/cultures/beliefs15、文化冲击Cultural shock16、融入当地新的社会Merge into the new local communities17、融入新的文化Integrate into the new culture18、自然和文化资源的保护Preservation/conservation of the natural and cultural resources19、当地传统风俗Local/host t
5、raditional customs20、破坏传统文化的神圣Erode the sacred of traditional culture21、扩大出口和吸引外资Promote export and attracting foreign capital22、支付不起unaffordable=cant afford23、经济全球化economic globalisation24、减轻食物供应压力be conducted to food supply stress/food shortage25、过分依赖出口rely excessively on export第二类政府投资Topic8 支持或者反
6、对太空探索（AD）（1）支持26、导致地球承载压力加大Result in the usable space to shrink27、可持续发展Sustainable development28、二级竞争力Technological competitivenessTopic9 登月（DG）（1）支持29、激发人们的想象力Space research triggers imagination of people.30、敢于面对新领域的未知因素和挑战3Researchers confront unknown and challenge in new fields（2）反对31、消耗资源和时间Spac
7、e research consumes resources and takes time32、分散政府和公众在一些更重要事情上的注意力Space research distracts the government and people from more significant issuesTopic10 政府投资公共设施或是艺术的原因（AD）33、人们文化生活的主要部分Arts are an integral part of cultural life34、吸引游客观光和产生旅游收入Arts of government investment attract tourists for sigh
8、tseeing and bring about tourisms revenueTopic 11 政府投资教育和医疗或是体育设施，歌剧院的好处（AD）35、对于繁荣有深远影响Government investments have far-reaching effect on prosperity36、完善的医疗健康服务Government investments build high quality health-care services37、摆脱贫困Government investments help to break the cycle of povertyTopic 12 国际援助的
9、意义和弊端（DG）（1）意义38、尊重生命的体现International aid shows respect for life39、人道主义援助International aid is kind of humanitarian aid.（2）弊端40、促进诈骗和贪污Promote fraud and corruption41、阻碍了被援助国参与国际市场impede needy countries participation in international tradeTopic 13 支持或是反对政府投资教育和医疗（DG）（1）支持42、提高文化普及率Improve literacy rat
10、e or standard of literacy443、减轻支付学费的压力Reduce the pressure of paying tuition fees（2）反对44、对革新和发明缺乏动力Less motivation of innovation and invention45、减轻政府的财政负担Ease the governments financial burden46、等待治疗人数的增加Increasing the number of people waiting for medical treatmentsTopic 14 税收的作用和弊端（AD）（1）作用47、支持公共投资和
11、建设Taxes can be used to supply for public investment and services48、进行收入再分配Redistribution of income49、对消费和雇佣有直接关系Paying taxes have direct effects on consumption and employment（2）弊端50、打击商业的投资热情Excessive paying taxes dampen the enthusiasm of commercial investmentTopic 15 反对或支持学生自己支付学费的理由（AD）（1）支持51、高薪职
12、业Well-paid jobs52、知识为动力的经济和社会发展Knowledge-driven economic and social development53、技术革新Technological innovation54、摆脱贫困Break out of the povertyTopic 16 支持或反对政府调控房地产的原因（AD）（1）支持55、房屋商业化commercilision of housing56、低收入家庭支付不起Unaffordable to low-income families57、政府干预5Government intervention58、住房补贴Housing
13、allowance（2）反对59、单调的城市景观Monotonous urban landscape/cityscape60、降低私人投资热情Dampen the enthusiasm of individual housing investment61、住房补贴系统Housing allocation system第三类科技发展对生活的影响Topic 17 手机带来的好处和问题及正面和负面影响（LB ）（1）好处和正面影响62、手机用于打电话、发短信和上网。Cell phone can be used to make calls, send text messages and surf th
14、e Internet63、人们可以确定受害人的位置通过使用来自手机的信号在紧急事件中。People locate trapped and injured people using signals from their mobile phones in event of an emergency（2）问题和负面影响64、手机增加了患癌症的几率。Mobile phones increase the rates of suffering cancer65、开车时打电话可能导致交通事故的发生。Talking on cell phone while driving may result in traff
15、ic accidentsTopic 18 现代科技让人休闲时间更多或更少的观点（LB ）（1）现代科技让人更繁忙、休息时间少66、人们可以在正常工作时间之外通过电脑和因特网工作。People can work beyond normal working hours through Internet and computer67、人们需要不断的接受教育和培训为了赶上新科技的快速发展。People continue education and receive training to keep pace with the fast development of technology（2）现代科技让人
16、更轻松、休息时间按多68、电脑和自动化帮助人们更快和更有效率地工作。Computerisation and automation help people work more quickly and more effectively69、汽车、飞机和铁路的普及减少了人们在路途上奔波的时间。the popularity of automobile, air travel and rail reduce peoples time of commuting6Topic 19 早期科技和最新科技分别得影响和弊端（AD）（1）早期科技的影响70、早期科技的发展使得农业化向工业化转变。Earlier tec
17、hnological development makes a transition from agriculture to manufacture71、早期科技的发展促进城市的崛起同时教育开始职业化和正式化。Earlier technological development promotes growth of cities and education become more vocational/ professional and formal（2）早起科技的弊端72、早起科技的发展造成空气污染和化石燃料。Earlier technological development causes ai
18、r pollution and consume natural resources.（3）最新科技的弊端73、最新科技的发展增加生产力并使工作和生活之间的差别越来越模糊。Recent technological development increases productivity and the boundary between work and play is blurred.Topic 20 生活快节奏对人们产生的正负面影响（AD）（1）负面74、由于网络使人与人之间的相互交流减少以至于人们很难保持和改善与朋友亲人的关系。People find it hard to maintain th
19、e relation with friends and family members because of Internet reduces personal interactions.75、快节奏的生活引起严重的疾病，比如：肥胖、心脏病和中风。The fast pace of life causes serious diseases, such as obesity, heart diseases and stroke.（2）正面76、促进了信息交流和贸易往来Internet promotes trade interaction across the borderTopic 21 网络购物和
20、网络商务优缺点的正负面影响（LB ）（1）正面77、人们减少交通工具的使用。People rely less on private or public transport.（2）负面78、人们只关心自己的生活方式。People are just concerned about their own lifestyle.79、人们习惯于不运动的生活方式。People get used to inactive lifestyle.7Topic 22 科学发展的今天还有很多问题没有解决（RS）80、工业化industrilisation81、人口的增长The rapid population grow
21、th82、环境恶化/污染Environmental deteriorating =pollution83、生活在贫困线以下Living on near or below the poverty line84、增加粮食产量Increase crops fieldsTopic 23 在家工作的优缺点（AD）（1）优点85、在家工作节省办公室空间和设备。Home working saves offices space and equipments86、在家工作增加工作的灵活度Home working introduces flexibility of jobs（2）缺点87、缺乏交流导致同事之间有疏
22、离感。Lacking communication leads to a sense of isolation between staff.88、在家工作不利于管理员工。Home working has negative effects on managing home workers.89、在家工作有可能导致员工技术和工作质量的下降。Home working leads to possible reduction of employees skills and work quality.Topic 24 高科技促进或阻碍创造力的发展（AD）（1）促进90、高科技可以提高人们三维空间的想象能力和
23、增加人们的应变能力。High-technological products can improve the ability to read and visulaise images in three-dimensional space and promote ones ability to cope with change.（2）阻碍91、现代科技使得人们知识被动的接受信息并使人们缺少思考如何解决问题。Modern technology makes people receive information passively and reduce opportunities of working
24、out the problems under different circumstances.92、网络使人们一直呆在书桌旁而缺乏社会生活。Internet makes people bound to their desks so that they lack of social life.Topic 25 电子书籍和传统书籍分别的好处（AD）8（1）电子书籍93、电子书籍节省空间，更容易管理。Electrical books save space and are easier to manage.94、电子书籍减少油墨、纸张还有木材的消耗。Electrical books reduce co
25、nsumption of ink, paper and lumber.（2）传统书籍95、传统书籍对眼睛的伤害少于电子书籍。Traditional books bring less harm to eyes than e-books.96、传统书籍不需要电源和辅助阅读工具。Traditional books dont need power sources and reading devices.97、划算的，合算的Cost-effective98、携带Portable第四类 文化的组成因素和保护Topic 28 服装和历史文化的联系 （AD）99、民族的服饰体现了当地的特色。National
26、clothes show local identity.100、民族的服饰是民族自豪感的源泉。National clothes are source of ethnic pride.Topic 29 保护老建筑的必要性和不利之处（AD+E）（1）必要性101、传统建筑是社会习俗和历史的标志，所以保护老建筑实际上是保护文化。Traditional buildings are the symbol/sign of social customs and history, so preservation of old buildings means conservation of cultural v
27、alues.102、老建筑有助于维持建筑的多样性。Aged buildings help maintain diversity of buildings.103、老建筑有助于维持建筑的多样性。Traditional buildings help maintain/keep diversity of buildings（2）不利之处104、许多老建筑既没有经济价值也不具备应用价值。Many old architectural works have neither economic values nor usable values.105、许多老建筑既没有经济价值也不具备应用价值。A vast n
28、umber of old buildings have neither economic values nor usable values106、保护老建筑需要花费大量的时间和金钱。It takes commitment of money and time to protect historic buildings/ archeological sites.107、保护老建筑需要花费大量的时间和金钱。9It takes a vast amount of money and time on preservation old buildings.Topic 30 用传统建筑模式建造新建筑的优缺点（
29、AD）108、传统建筑有助于突出或者塑造一个地区的形象Traditional buildings help to highlight or create a regional identity. Topic 31 注重建筑美学和功能分别的优点（AD）（1）美学109、建筑物可以增加对改造环境的理解从而使它能够与周边环境相协调。Buildings can increase understanding of environmental improvement so that it can integrate into surrounding circumstances/ environments/
30、 settings110、如果建筑物没有视觉吸引力，他们可能将没有市场价值。If buildings dont have visual attractions/appeals, they wont have values of market.（2）功能111、建筑物主要的功能应该是解决世界的使用问题。The most significant function of buildings is to address practical utilities issues.第五类 生活方式和社会概念Topic 33 长时间工作的正负面影响（AD）（1）负面 112、长时间工作容易产生压力和疲倦，对健康
31、是一种威胁。Working long hours are likely to/tend to is easily generate/ induce fatigue and stress/ pressure, which poses a serious threat to health113、长时间工作减少了休闲的时间，导致工作和家庭之间的冲突。Overtime working reduces the leisure time so that it causes conflicts between family and job.114、长时间工作未必都有效率和效益。Working long ho
32、urs is not necessarily productive hours.（2）正面115、长时间工作是争取工作和晋升的机会的一种途径。Overtime working is a method of increasing job security and promotion opportunities. Topic 35 工作满意度的决定因素（RS ）116、工作稳定Job security117、高薪Well-paid =high salary118、工作相关的回报10Job-related benefits /bonus119、好的工作环境Well working condition
33、s/ environment120、和上司和同事好的人际关系good/excellent interpersonal relationship with colleagues and superiors(老板)121、职业发展的机会Opportunity of professional/career development122、成就感A sense of achievement123、成功的感觉Experience a feeling of successTopic 36 换工作/跳槽的好处和坏处（DG ）（1）好处124、换工作/跳槽Job-hopping / switching jobs
34、125、充分发挥自己的能力Job-hopping makes the best use of ones abilities126、能够增加经验和发展多种技能Switching jobs accumulate / acquire / gain new experience and develop / promote / improve a variety/diverse of skills / techniques127、如果你不提高自己的能力，你将很容易在竞争中失利。If you dont improve your ability by yourself, you will be vulner
35、able to the competition128、人应该懂得接受挑战和把握机会。People should understand to receive challenges and control opportunity.（2）坏处129、适应新环境Employees have to adapt / adjust to new environment130、反映了低的承受能力和忠诚度Job-hopping shows a low resilience / persistence / endurance and loyalty Topic 37 压力产生的原因和解决方法（RS）（1）产生的原
36、因131、休息的时间不够充分Its because of inadequate leisure time132、高压力和快节奏的生活方式Because people live a high-pressured, fast-paced lifestyle133、人们对人生的关注有不切实际的期待People hold unrealistic expectations towards career concerns（2）解决方法11134、合理的饮食和运动有利于改善自身健康Proper eating and sports contributes to feelings of well-being=h
37、ealth135、养成良好的心态People should nurture a good state of mind / moodTopic 38 支持或者反对追随潮流（AD）（1）支持136、时尚是自我表达的一种体现Fashion is a means of self-expression137、时尚使世界更加丰富多彩Fashion brings diversity and variety to the world which we live in138、时尚源于生活并考虑消费者的需求。Fashion roots in daily life and considers customers n
38、eeds（2）反对139、盲目追随潮流是浪费时间和金钱。Following fashion blindly wastes money and time140、过度关乎其他人的想法People will become to dwell too much on what others think.Topic 39 快乐的标准（DG）141、个人环境Social settings 142、收入水平Income level143、教育程度Educational level144、宗教信仰Religious beliefTopic 40 说出真相毕兜圈子、掩盖好或者必要的谎言和无关紧要的谎言可以接受（A
39、D）（1）正面：说出真相145、诚实是一个重要的美德。Honesty is a significant virtue.146、城实被认为是一种很重要的美德。Honesty is regarded as a core virtue147、讲真话有助于建立彼此之间的信任。Telling the truth helps to build up mutual trust.12（2）反面：善意的谎言148、有时候善意的谎言是顾及他人感受而避免冲突。Sometime white lies can consider / protect / spare others feeling so as to avoi
40、d conflicts.第六类 艺术艺术的作用149、艺术是一种特殊的语言。Arts are regarded as a language that conveys information to the masses.150、艺术提高人们的逻辑能力和想象能力。Arts promote peoples reasoning and visualising.151、艺术关注当代生活并帮助人们了解并接受社会新的特征。Arts focus on the contemporary life and help the masses to assimilate new features of communit
41、y.152、艺术提高人们对现实世界的欣赏水平。Arts improve peoples appreciation of the real worldTopic 42 反对或是支持限制艺术自由的理由（AD）（1）反对153、公众有强烈的兴趣促进言论多元化。The public hold compelling interests in advancing viewpoint diversity.154、一些社会问题受到公众的关注因为艺术家在他们的作品中加入政治信息。Some of social issues have to be placed under the limelight because
42、 artists embed a political message in their works.155、如果艺术家被限制，它将导致扭曲艺术家的意愿或者精神。If artists are limited, it will lead to distort / misinterpret their willing / intentions and spirits of artists. （2）支持156、一些艺术家的作品对宗教或者种族团体缺乏尊重和对宗教缺乏敏感度。Some of artists works lose / lack respect and sensitivity towards
43、the feeling of religious and ethnic groups.Topic 43 艺术和科学的区别体现的方面（RS）157、人们被鼓励去发挥创造力并寻求新的方法去解决问题。People are encouraged to develop creativity and come up with a novel method to address issues by arts.158、人们已经不满足于物质上的富有并不断追求精神上的享受。People cant be satisfied for material wealth and quest / pursue the enj
44、oyment of spirit consistently13第七类 媒体信息Topic 44 媒体暴力的负面影响和媒体暴力并非主因（AD）（1）媒体暴力的负面影响 159、媒体暴力会增加观众模仿和使用暴力的可能性。Violence of media increase chances / likelihood / possibility that viewers learn / imitate and use violence.160、媒体暴力导致反社会的行为。Violence of media lead to anti-social behaviours.（2）媒体暴力并非主因161、媒体可
45、以起到提醒观众暴力行为可能导致法律制裁的作用。Media can warn the audiences of the legal proceeding of violence behaviours.Topic 46 媒体记者不可信的原因（RS ）162、新闻记者经常受到政治压力和经济利益的影响。Journalists always are affected by political pressures and commercial / economic interests.163、新闻记者手机无中生有和捏造的花边新闻为了迎合观众。Journalists collect conceived /
46、fabricated soft news to cater audiences tastes / interests.Topic 47 新闻媒体的优缺点（AD）（1）优点164、新闻媒体有助于将有用的信息船体给观众并让他们知道世界上每时每刻发生的事情。News media can helpful communicates information to viewers and keep them informed of what is happening in the world.（2）缺点165、新闻媒体对别人的隐私不够尊重并夸大其词。News media has insufficient r
47、espect for privacy of people and give an exaggerated account of an issue.第八类 广告Topic 48 是否同意广告误导小孩的观点 （DG）（1）同意166、广告商与说服观众并对产品的性质夸大其词。Advertising has a persuasive nature and give an exaggerated account of properties of products.167、广告下的更高的的出镜率将增加买更多商品的机会。Higher exposure under advertising means incr
48、easing the chances to buy more commodities.14（2）不同意168、广告是一种产品信息来源。Advertising represents a particularly important product information source.Topic 49 广告的优缺点（LB）（1）优点169、广告可以鼓励生产商在质量上竞争并促进产品革新。Advertising can encourage competition of manufacturers in quality and promotes innovation of commodities.17
49、0、广告可以增加产品的销售量和促进经济发展。Advertising can increase the sales of products and promote economic development.（2）缺点171、广告的言语或者图像误导观众。The claims and visual images of advertisements can mislead consumers.Topic 50 广告会不会使人有一样的观点（AD）（1）不会172、消费者的选择是不断变化的。Customers choices are fickle and unpredictable.173、顾客对广告的反应也有所不同。Consumers react differently toward an advertisement.174、一个产品只能服务一个市场的一部分并只能满足顾客需求的一部分。A product just can serve a part of a market and only satisfy a section of customers needs.（2）会175、顾客产生一个错误的想法，甚至认为购买某些流行的产品就会变得时尚。Buyers can generate a mistaken perception, even feeli
