1、1雅思阅读长难句分析1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice ve
2、rsa(反之 ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.There is no agreem
3、ent whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agricultu
4、re and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.-1-5 答案 - 1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.译文：许
5、多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。要点：句子的框架是 it is imagined that, and that 。这是典型的句型 it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it 是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的 that 引导的主语从句，由连词 and 连接。operation 此处不能译成 “操作 ”，根据上下文应译成“活动 ”，这里的 processes 要译成“思维过程” ，而不能简单地理解成“过程” 。2. Whether the government should increa
6、se the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之 ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量要点：句子的框架是 whether or often depends on 。whether or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语， financing 这里根据上下文要译成 “经费投入” ；介词结构
7、 of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语 the issue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了 which 引导的介词宾语从句。3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.译文：这些预
8、测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智要点：句子的框架是 how depends on and on 。句子的主语由 how 引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组 depends on 后面跟了两个由 and 连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 the skill and wisdom。24. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in
9、 general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。要点：句子的框架是 there is no agreement whether or 。主句是 there is no agreement, agreement 后面紧跟了由 whether 引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to 跟了两个由连词 or 连接的并
10、列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一个宾语中，形容词词组 peculiar to historical work 和介词词组 in general 作后置定语修饰 the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组 appropriate to of historical inquiry 作后置定语修饰 the research t
11、echniques。5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力
12、要点：句子的框架是 furthermore, it is obvious that, and that 。这是典型的句型 it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词 and 连接的两个并列的主语从句：a. that the strength is bound with; b. and that this rests upon the efforts 。第一个主语从句中的词组 be bound up with 是“与有关联”之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词 this 指代前文的the efficiency of its agricultur
13、e and industry，译为“效率的提高” 。36.What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.7.There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than eve
14、n the baby boom at its peak.8.It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.9.It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the
15、 ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.-6-10 答案-6. What could be a key to jet lag a
16、nd winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。要点：句子的框架是 what is the hormone melatonin which is 。what 引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部分中由 which 引导了非限制性定语从句 hormone melatonin。句中 jet-lag 是“时差综合症” ，blues 不能译成“蓝色” ，而是“忧郁”之意。7. There are now
17、31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.译文：12 岁至 19 岁年龄组的孩子目前有 3100 万，人口学家预测，到 2010 年他们将达到 3500万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多要点：句子的框架是 there are kids , and demographers predict that 。
18、这是一个并列复合句，在第二个并列分句中，谓语动词 predict 后面跟了一个 that 引导的宾语从句；在 that 宾语从句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak 是 35 million teens 的同位语。8. It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.译文：地球内的断
19、层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。要点：句子的框架是 it seemed but what was that 。句子由 but 连接的两个并列分句构成：a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that 在第二个分句中，what 引导了主语从句担任主语，that 引导了表语从句。这里 injection 不能译成“注射” ，根据上下文要译成“注入” 。49. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education s
20、ystems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。要点：句子的框架是 it is surprising that education system have been criticized, on the g
21、round that 。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了that 引导的同位语从句 that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词词组 on the ground 中 ground 的同位语，ground 这里的意思是“根据” 。10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were
22、 able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要点：句子的框架是 there are grounds for thinking that the health derives from what , rather than what。介词结构 for thinking 中包含了 that 引导的宾语从句作分词 thinking 的宾语；而这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句：a. what were able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of
23、it. 两个宾语从句由 rather than 连接。译文：至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量，我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们能向生活取得多少。511. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.12. Experts are debating whether w
24、e should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cru
25、iser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details a
26、nd no evidence to support the claim.15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.-11-15 答案 - 11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their oppor
27、tunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.译文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。要点：句子的框架是 it becomes that, if , there will have to be。it 是形式主语，that 引导的主语从句是句子的真正主语，在 that 从句中，if 引导了条件状语从句。12. Experts are debating wheth
28、er we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.译文：我们应该用心算来增加孩子们的负担，还是应该鼓励他们使用计算器来减轻其繁重的学习任务，使他们不再费神去理解（抽象的）数学概念，专家们对此尚未达成一致。要点：句子的框架是 experts are debating whether we sho
29、uld , or encourage。句子的主语部分是 experts are debating ，而 whether or 引导了宾语从句作谓语动词 are debating 的宾语。其中 burdenwith是“使背上负担”之意；在后半句 or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，两个并列的不定式短语 to relieve of 和 to freeto understand 作目的状语。另外，词
30、组 relieve somebody of something 指 “减轻” 。13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering.译文：波音公司宣布放弃修建一种名叫“音速游
31、艇”的新潮、高速飞机的计划，这一决定使近年来航空工程中最富想象力还有人称纯属空想的计划落了空。要点：句子的框架是 the announcement that is has decided brings an end to 。主语 the announcement 后面跟了一个 that 引导的同位语从句，在 that 从句中，动词不定式短语 to build called the sonic cruiser 作 plan 的后置定语，而不定式短语中的过去分词短语 called the sonic cruiser 作 plane 的后置定语；破折号之后的 and some say 是插入语。61
32、4. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.译文：一个宣称人类是由外星人克隆而成的邪教组织于星期五宣布第一个克隆人已出生，但它没有谈及过多细节，也没有提供任何证据。要点：句子的框架是 a relig
33、ious sect declared that , but it offered。这个句子中，由 but连接了两个并列分句。在前一个分句中，由 that 引导的定语从句 that contends that by cloning themselves 修饰先行词 a religious sect，而定语从句中又包含了 that 引导的宾语从句作动词contends 的宾语。15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had dev
34、ised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.译文：然而在任何物理学家所进行过的精细巧妙的实验中，都没有发现这种影响：光速没有变化。要点：定语从句的结构是简单的主谓宾结构，翻译成前置的定语词组。716. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed o
35、f light17. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degree
36、s of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.20. At a large terminal railway station
37、, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.-16-20 答案 - 16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）wo
38、uld be about 1/25th the speed of light.译文：如果探测体需要，比如说，100 年时间来生成自己的副体，那么所有探测体传遍整个星系的平均速度大约为光速的 1/2517. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.译文：但是，这样的问题主要局限于从第三轨而不是从高架线得到电力的那些铁路上。要点：在限制性定语从句中有一个固定
39、短语 rather than，我们还是把它翻译成稍复杂的带 “的”的定语从句。18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.译文：因为图像的较明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者阴影部分发射的电子更
40、多，所以产生的电子图像随正电荷的变化强度，使正在描述的荧幕上的光强度成倍增强。要点：在这句的定语从句中，有现在分词作前置定语，及过去分词作后置定语，翻译成前置的定语词组会生涩拗口。因此，将从句与主句分开翻译，单独成句。19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.译文：在最初的几年里，杂
41、草可能在农作物之间繁茂地蔓生，为了消灭这些杂草，需要有效的除草剂，发挥与耕地同样的消灭杂草的作用。要点：这是一个典型的将定语从句译为前置的并列分句的例子。820. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.译文：在大的铁路终点站，站长的工作主要是行政管理的，这是由于车站运营范围广、工作人员多。
42、要点：在本句的翻译中基本上看不出原句中定语从句 of which he is in command 的痕迹。定语从句完全融入汉语翻译中。921. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathe
43、matics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.24. Rockets perform best in sp
44、ace, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.-21-25 答案-21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swi
45、nging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.译文：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时，他发现自己正看着一个吊灯架，它随着气流时而划一个大弧，时而划一个小弧。要点：定语从句被翻译为后置的并列分句，用人称代词“它”代替先行词“吊架灯” 。22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent
46、 to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.译文：虽然爱因斯坦门门功课都很优异，数学尤为突出，但他很讨厌上这所慕尼黑的中学。在这所学校里成功取决于死机硬背和对专职权威的服从。要点：although 引导的让步状语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句。23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （
47、光子）freely emerge.译文：一个例子就是太阳的边缘，这是一个气状的表面，可见光的光子从中源源涌出。要点：本句在非限制性定语从句里又包含一个限制性定语从句，为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们将两个定语从句都译为后置的并列分句。24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion译文：火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。要点：在语义上，定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系，因此我们将定语从句译为原因状语从句。25. Congress, which had me
48、t to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.译文：代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到招募兵员并推选乔治 华盛顿为总司令了。要点：定语从句与先行词融合起来，翻译成时间状语从句。1026. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.28. In the Greek herita
