1、Lesson One Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at Schoolwell: adv. quite, rather The work is well done. 这件工作干得很好。 Its well past midnight, I think its time you went home. 早过了午夜，我想你该回家了。above/below average高于或低于一般标准或水平 Your monthly salary is well above average.你每月的工资大大超出了平均水平。 yet: at this point in time I
2、 would be if I had learned虚拟语气， 主句表示现在，从句表示过去 I would not be so sleepy if I had slept well last night. back then: back in my high school days what really matters: what is important matter is used as a verb- eg: Does it matter much whether he will not pass the exams? 他能否通过考试是否很重要？ In some respects在某些
3、方面；in respect of 就某方面Louisiana Purchase路易斯安那购置some： about; approximately Some 35 students have taken the advanced course. worth teaching-be worth doing值得做deficiencies：不足，缺乏，缺少 This disease is caused by Vitamin D deficiency. since：从那以后（与完成时态连用） He left home in 1980 and has not been heard of since. 他于
4、 1980 年离家，此后便音信全无。 morethan+n 与其说-不如说 For me, music is more a way of life than an interest. 对我来说，音乐与其说是一种爱好，还不如说是一种生活方式。matter, n. （讨论、考虑的）问题 a matter of principle 原则问题 a matter of time 时间问题 a matter of opinion 看法问题 a matter of life and death 生死攸关问题 Socrates苏格拉底：古希腊哲学家。 of the greatest of human joys
5、: “the+ 形容词最高级+名词“ 的用法：the most beautiful of the places 最美的地方 the greatest of scientists 最伟大的科学家 the best of my friends 我最要好的朋友 and it is： learning is still one of the greatest of human joys today. make sure： to do sth. in order to be sure that sth. else happens eg: Well do our best to make sure tha
6、t everything is ready before the sportsmeet.我们将努力保证在运动会前把一切准备就绪。 It hardly matters what: 句型“it + 否定词 + matter(s) + wh-“eg: It doesnt matter how you do it as long as you finish it on time. 你如何做并不重要，但只要按时完成。 as long as： so long as: （表示条件）只要 You will succeed as long as you work hard. context:上下文;背景 We
7、will be able to understand why this event happened if we see it in its historical context. 如果我们能够从该事件的历史背景来考虑，就能理解事件为何发生。 Be/get trapped: to be in a bad situation someone from escaping from dangerous place 陷于，被困于 More than 50 miners got trapped in the pit following yesterdays explosion.50 多名矿工在昨天的爆炸
8、发生后被困在矿井中。 get trapped: (fig.)to get so deeply involved that one finds it hard to be interested in anything else They got trapped when they were doing the experiment.他们全身心地投入到实验中去。 all grown up-fully grown up我们完全长大成人之后，才发现很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。 all副词，完全地 a gateway to-通向-途径；获得-手段 A good education can be
9、a gateway to success.良好的教育是获得成功的手段。 The Suez Canal is a gateway to Europe from East Asia.苏伊士运河是从亚洲通向欧洲的通道。 confine .to把-限制在-之内 They managed to confine Sars to a certain area. 他们设法将“非典 “控制在一定的范围。 prospect：something that you expect or know is going to happen 预料会发生的事 He doesnt like the prospect of havi
10、ng to live alone.他将不得不独居，这事他可不喜欢。 become deadened to sth.对-变得麻木 He has become deadened to failures, for he has experienced so many.他对失败已经麻木了，因为他经历了许多失败。deaden sb. to sth.使-对- 麻木 Greed has deadened him to what other people are suffering. 贪婪使他对别人的痛苦麻木不仁。lead to ： to result in; to bring about 通向；导致 All
11、 roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 Hard work can lead to success.勤奋使你成功。 have sth. to say: have a say, have a right to make a decision about sth. I have something to say about the newly issued traffic rules.我对新的交通法规有我的看法。 it takes effort/energy, etc. to do sth. : it needs or requires the specified amount,
12、 quality or action for a person to complete a certain task or process to do sth. eg：It takes courage to ask “stupid“ questions. 问“傻”问题需要勇气。It takes two to make a quarrel.Cf：It takes sb. Time to do sth. It took him two years to write the book. 他用了两年时间写这本书。 In a world as tightly connected as ours is:
13、在介词短语 “in a world.“ 中，过去分词短语 as tightly connected as ours is 起形容词作用，作定语，修饰 a world; 在 asas 表示形容词同级比较的结构中，第二个 as 引出比较从句 ours is. there is something to/in: 确有道理、见地、不同凡响之处 There is something to what he just said. 他刚才说的话很有见地。 restrict oneself/sb./sth. (to sth./ doing sth.): to put a limit on Families in
14、 China are generally restricted to (having) one child. 中国家庭一般只允许生一个孩子。 Nowadays women are no longer restricted to domestic work. 当今妇女不再只限于做家务活be capable of sth/doing sth.: be able to do 有能力做某事；有潜力做某事 He is capable of overcoming the difficulties. 他有能力克服困难。 Under the leadership of our Party and our go
15、vernments, we are capable of winning the battle against Sars. 在党和政府的领导下，我们有能力取得抗击 Sars 这场战役的胜利。take (a) delight in sth. /doing sth.以-为乐 eg: The old man takes great delight in playing chess. 这位老人从下棋中得到很大乐趣。 We should never take delight in others failures. 我们不应该对别人的失败而幸灾乐祸。 see 的宾语从句 how powerful is t
16、he human will to learn 是倒装句，由于主语 the human will to learn 较长而置于系动词 is之后. passion 热忱；激情compassion 同情心，作者在此用了 passion 与 compassion 两个谐音词来表达他对人类的希望。谐音词是一种修辞手法，用来取得一定效果。provide sth. or sb. for sb. or sth./ provide sb. or sth. with : to supply sb. With eg: Our school has provided every teacher with a note
17、book computer.学校为每位老师配备一台笔记本电脑。 The organization provided a lot of food and clothes for the children.那个组织为孩子们提供许多食品和衣服。 Lesson Two虚拟语气，表示与当前情况的假设。 If I had enough money, I would buy that car.Bigger/larger than life: 超群的；夸大的 His sadness was bigger than life. 他伤心极了。come up with: bring forward with 提出；
18、想出 Some new issues were come up at the meeting. 在这个会上提出了一些新问题be celebrated for: 因-而受到颂扬、赞美 Most doctors and nurses were celebrated for their bravery in the battle against SARS.大多数医务人员由于在抗击“非典“ 战役中的勇敢表现而受到了人们的赞扬。 rather than: instead of 不是-（而是） He was criticized by the teacher for his absence from cl
19、ass rather than his failure in the exam. 他因缺课而受到了老师的批评，而不是因为他这次考试的失败。 be not alone in thinking/believing: others agree with you 在-方面别人也有同感 Were not alone in believing that Xiao Jiang is the best person for the job. 我们相信小江是这项任务的最佳人选,别人也有同感。 Dr. Applebaum is not alone in thinking that television gives
20、 children a false sense of reality. 不光是阿普尔鲍姆博士认为电视节目给孩子们展现的是虚假的现状。 The French are not alone in finding American movies breaking into their film market. 不只是法国人才发现美国电影打入自己的市场。 Professors are disappointed about what has happened in the presidential election, and they are not alone in that. 教授们对总统选举中所发生
21、的一切感到失望，同感者大有人在。 shape： form or take shape, give signs of future development Our plan is shaping well. 我们的计划进展顺利。 Shape history(the course or events) 决定历史的进程（事件的发展） Great men can shape history but they cant make history. 伟人可以决定历史的进程，但他们不能创造历史。 by definition: by defining 通过定义，界定 By definition, heroes
22、 are those who are distinguished by their accomplishment. 根据定义，英雄以其所取得的成就而出名。 be distinguished ( from )by: to be noticeably different from or better than others of the same type because of an unusual quality 以-而著称；有别于；不同于 Xiao Yang is distinguished from other young men by his unusual maturity. 小杨的老练
23、程度超过了其他年轻人。 The little girl is distinguished from other four-year-olds by her excellent memory. 这小女孩的记忆力超出同岁孩子了水平。 The zebra is distinguished from the horse by the lines on its body. 斑马列因其身上的条纹而不同于马。 Chinese people are distinguished by their diligence and courage. 中国人民以勤劳勇敢而著称。 Cf .distinguish betwe
24、en/ sth. from sth. eles: to notice or understand the difference between/ to tell one thing from another.区别 Colour-blind people find it hard to distinguish between red and green. 色盲的人很难分清红、绿两色。 City people often cant distinguish young wheat from weeds. 城里人往往分不清麦苗和野草。 The twin sisters are so much alik
25、e that sometimes even their father cant distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎姐妹长得太像了，有时她们的父亲都分辨不出谁是姐姐谁是妹妹。 distinguished guests 贵宾 for the benefit of：for ones benefit: for the profit of:为-，为-的利益 The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor in the rural area. 这笔钱要用来帮助农村地区的穷人。 for the benefit o
26、f the people/country 为了人民/国家利益 measure sth. against : to judge the value of sb./sth. using sth. else as a standard; to compare sth. with a certain standard:对照-来评价- Our production costs are high, when they are measured against the worlds advanced level. 对照世界先进水平，我们的生产成本过高。 Your performance is poor wh
27、en measured against the success of the other sales personnel. 与其他销售人员的业绩相比，你的业绩相当差。 come by 找到，遇到 How did you come by this second-hand book? 你是怎样找到这本旧书的。 heroism is something beyond us: we have no idea what heroism is 我们不知道英雄行为是何物 an artifact of the past 历史文物，这个短语是对:heroism 的补充说明。 Be beyond sb.:为某人所
28、不能理解；对某人来说太难 与 beyond 搭配的词有： beyond power 越权 beyond belief 不可相信 beyond understanding 无法理解 beyond control 无法控制 beyond doubt 毫无疑问 beyond imagination 难以想象 beyond ones means 难以承受 beyond description 难以描述 Consequently： As a result 因此，于是 bereft of：失去；缺少 bereft(bereave 的过去式、过去分词) The boy is bereft of hope.
29、这孩子失去了希望。 latch onto/on to sb./sth.: (informal) to become very interested in sb./sth.,often finding them so useful that we dont want to let them go 对某人或某事产生极大的兴趣，往往不愿意放弃（这里作者的意思是：人们开始迷上了文化偶像之后，就一发不可收拾，对他们的崇拜愈来愈狂热。 ） be famous for： be known for The place is famous for its beautiful scenery. 这个地方已美丽的风
30、景著名。 In part: partly; to a certain extent 在一定程度上，部分地 He failed in the exams in part because he was careless. 他没通过考试在一定程度上是由于他粗心。 help: to improve a situation or to make sth .happen 起作用 Wisdom, not strength helps in the matter. 在这方面智慧起作用，力量无济无事。 To be young and single definitely help when youre looki
31、ng for a job 年轻又单身在找工作时是有得的条件。 Material incentives alone wont help ( to ) increase production. 光凭物质刺激无助于提高生产。 become: 适合；与-相称 Purple becomes her. 紫色很适合她 Dont be rude, it doesnt become you. 别动粗，这同你的身份不相称。 more than： Nothing could satisfy him more than money.没有比钱更能满足他的东西了。 Be/become known for: to be/b
32、ecome famous because of Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens. 苏州因其美丽的园林而闻名。 He became known for a book he wrote when he was 17. 他因 17 岁时写的一本书而出名。 Cf. be known as: to be called, regarded as, looked upon as 以-而著称 In China, Suzhou and Hangzhou are known as “paradises on earth“. 在中国，苏州和杭州被称为“人间天堂“
33、。 The girl has an unusually large vocabulary and is known as a “walking dictionary“. 那女孩知道的词真多，被称为“活字典“ 。 Singapore is known as a garden city. 新加坡以花园城而闻名。 ( prize, title, honour, property, etc. ) go to sb./sth.: to be given to , awarded to ,or inherited by sb. 赠送给，授予 The money they raised from the c
34、oncert all went to the flooded area. 举办音乐会所得款项全部捐赠给水灾地区。 The title “The Best Woman Football Player of the Millenium“ went to a Chinese, Sun Wen. “千年最佳女足运动员“ 的称号授予了中国运动员孙雯。 The house was left to his son ,and all the paintings went to his daughter. 房子留给了他的儿子，女儿继承了所有绘画。 The 2000 Nobel Prize for Peace w
35、ent to Kim Dae Chong. 2000 年诺贝尔和平奖授予了金大中。 ( prize, title, honour, property, etc. ) go to sb./sth.: to be given to , awarded to ,or inherited by sb. 赠送给，授予 The money they raised from the concert all went to the flooded area. 举办音乐会所得款项全部捐赠给水灾地区。 The title “The Best Woman Football Player of the Milleni
36、um“ went to a Chinese, Sun Wen. “千年最佳女足运动员“ 的称号授予了中国运动员孙雯。 The house was left to his son ,and all the paintings went to his daughter. 房子留给了他的儿子，女儿继承了所有绘画。 The 2000 Nobel Prize for Peace went to Kim Dae Chong. 2000 年诺贝尔和平奖授予了金大中。 Lesson Threefall behind ( sb ) : to go more slowly than other people so
37、 that they gradually move further ahead of you ; to be less successful than someone else 落伍、落在后面 eg: She was leading in the 800-metre race , but fell behind in the last second. 在 800 米比赛中她一直领领先,在最后的一秒里落在了别人的后面。 eg: Germany has fallen behind France and Britain in the production of airliners 德国在大型客机生产
38、方面不如法国和英国。 fall behind with/on sth.to fail to pay for sth. or to do sth. when it is due 拖欠；跟不上 eg: Dont fall behind with the rent , or youll be told to leave. 不要拖欠房租，不然的话，房东就会叫你搬走。 eg: Ive fallen far behind with my maths homework. I dont think Ill ever be able to catch up . 数学作业我已经落下不少，永远也赶不上了。 eg:
39、She falls behind with her studies 她学习跟不上. commit oneself/be committed to (doing ) sth: v. (1)transport, convey:传送 传递消息 to say/have said that someone will definitely do sth. or must do sth .决心做；承诺做 eg: Think carefully before you commit yourself to working at weekends . 好好考虑之后再决定是不是同意周末工作 eg: The gove
40、rnment is committed to improving housing conditions for low-income people 政府承诺要为低收入居民改善居住环境。 eg: From then on, he was committed to working hard从那时起，他就决心要好好学习。 the other being labor 独立主格结构 eg: There are many children singing, each having flouwers in his or her hands. 有许多孩子在唱歌，每人手里都拿着花。be slave to/of
41、to 受- 的支配或影响；成为-的奴隶 eg: A lot of young people nowadays are slaves of/to fashion . 如今有不少年轻人拼命赶时髦. eg: He is slave to drink. 他是个酒鬼 treatas:consideras: 把- 看作/视为 eg: Dont treat me as a child, Im eighteen years old. 不要把我当小孩子看了，我 18 岁了。 eg: Youd better treat his words as a joke. 你最好把他的话当作玩笑。tangible: 能摸得着
42、的 ;有形的 budget time: to carefully plan and control how much time you spend doing sth . 计划时间 steal time: to obtain time quickly , to seize whatever time you can find 挤出时间 kill time: to obtain time quickly , to seize whatever time you can find 消磨时间 cut time: to reduce time 减少时间 account for time to give
43、 a satisfactory explanation of how you spent a specific period of time 解释时间 account for sth 对-作出解释/说明 eg: Jane was upset because her son couldnt account for the three hours between his last class and his arrival home . 简因此感到不高兴，因为儿子说不清放学之后到回家之前的三个小时之间他究竟干了什么。 eg: She has to account to her husband fo
44、r every penny of the money he gives her for house keeping 丈夫给她持家的钱是怎么花的，她得一笔一笔地向他交代清楚。 eg: He couldnt account for why he was late. 他解释不清他为什么迟到。 account for sth 说明原因 eg: Bad mews from home may account for his recent depression. 他近来情绪低落可能是因为家里出了事。 eg: Icy roads account for the increase in accidents .
45、路面结冰是造成交通事故增加的原因。 account for （数量上）占- eg: Girl students account for more than 50% in our school. 女学生在我校占一半以上。acute: keen;sharp;quick 敏锐的；尖锐的， (疾病等)急性的 eg: Some animals have an acute sense of smell. 有些动物的嗅觉很敏锐。 a sense of responsibility 责任感 a sense of shame 羞耻感 a sense of security 安全感 a sense of hear
46、ing 听觉 sense： 感觉 Once: 一旦 eg: Once you have come, you must stay. 既来之，则安之. the sands:（古代计时用的）沙漏中的沙；（喻）时间；光阴；寿命 the sands of time 时光 the sands of(ones )life 寿命 The sands are running out. run out of: 用完；耗尽 eg: Im running out of money this month. Could you please land me some 我这个月的钱快花光了，你能借我点吗？We want t
47、o use every minute effectively ./ We want to make good use of every minute . 我们想让每一分钟都发挥作用。 count : to be of value or importance 有价值，有意义 eg : First impressions of people do count 人们的最初印象确实重要 eg : We have only a few bullets left ,so make each one count 我们只剩下几发子弹了，每一发都要真正派上用场eg :Such men do not count
48、for anything 这种人毫不足取。 Impression： 印象 eg: Whats your first impression about Beijing? 你对北京的第一印象如何？ under pressure:： 不得不如此；压力下 eg: I dont want to work under pressure 我不喜欢在不得已的情况下做事。 elbow : 肘 eg: to push roughly with ones elbows in the specified direction He elbowed his way through the crowd. 他从人群中挤出.
49、Hurry sb: to make sb. do sth. or move more quickly than usual or they want 催促某人赶快 eg: Hurry him or hell be late. 催他快点，要不他会迟到的 abrupt:突然的；粗鲁的；无礼的 eg: an abrupt manner. 无礼的态度 miss sth: 发觉没有；觉得遗憾 small courtesies : friendly smiles, saying hello, or whatever 起码的客套 take : 对待 take sth./ sb. seriously 认真对待某物/某人 take sth./ sb. lightly 轻率对待某物/某人 take sth. personally 把某件事看成是针对某个人的 take sth. badly/ calmly 对某件事的反应强烈/冷静 eg : Unfortunately, no one took the chi
