1、虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现象中真实事件。它表达的是 怀疑、 忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到 if这个词，如果我们在句子中看到 if 引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。如果句子中出现了 wish 这个词，我 们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish 如果在句子中表达的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词 ，一定要 选择 were；如果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选
2、择它的过去式；第二，如果 wish 表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用 had+过去分词（或 would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果 wish 表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用 were.I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟， 虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式 had been done）.I wish you wou
3、ld go with us tomorrow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用 would+ to 的形式。实战一下：A: You have made some mistakes.B:I wish I_ mistakes every day.A. dont make B. havent c. wouldnt have made D. didnt makeevery day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选 D。A：What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?B: Thats very hard to
4、say, but I wish I_A. have not studied psychology B. did study psychology C. had studied psychology D. studied psychology句子中出现了 were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选 C。I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_ there.A. went B. was C. were D. had been句子中出现了动词的过去式 didnt go to, 说明是对过去的虚拟， 选择过去完成式，选 D。if on
5、ly 在虚拟语气中的解题 技巧它表示的是“要是就好了”。从 这种翻译的语意当中我们 可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/ 后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过去式，如果表示对过 去没有实现的愿望的虚拟 ，后面的考点一定要用 动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！） 举例：If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过 去完成形式。Look at the terrible situ
6、ation（局面） I am in ! If only I_ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：从句意中我们体会到，这 人的做法是没有听他的的意 见。 应选 B（动词的过去完成式）If only I_ the examination!A. have passed B. pass C. will pass D. passed解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/ 未来的虚拟，选 D。If only she _of Aunt Ruth!（露
7、丝）A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕） B. would be so not terribly frightenedC. will not be so terribly frightened D. were not so terribly frightened解析：虚拟语气中 be 的用法 仅为 were/should be 形式，不可能出现 is/was/has/will/shall 等形式。排除 A 和 C，那么 if only 后面 有两种动词形式可以出现 ：过去式和过去完成式， 选择 D。If only I_ how to operate a c
8、omputer!A. learned B. would learn C. have learned D. had learned解析：排除 B 和 C，说话人对 自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选 D。记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考 查你知不知道 这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚 拟的状态。当然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的 过去式出 现，后面都接 that 从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚 拟动词状态。我 们称之 为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包括 suggest（建议）,propose,command,req
9、uest,desire,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask ,move,recommend,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的 谓语动词用（should ）+动词原形 do (当然包括被动状态 be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填 do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写 be done).They requested that he sing a song
10、。我 们必须首先发现 requested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过可以是主 动，可能是被 动。She insisted that the seats be booked in advance. 首先发现 insisted.实战：The city council ordered spitting_ on the streets.A. was prohibited(禁止) B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting解析：虽然 ordered 后面没有 that ,被动， 选 C。The teacher recommen
11、ded（推荐） that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers.A. must study B. could study C. studied D. studyThe doctor urged（催促） that she _C_ an operation as early as possible.A. had B. has C. have D. would haveThe manager of the hotel requested that their guests _ afte
12、r 11:00p.m.A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D couldnt loud music解析：选 B，should 既可以省略，也可以添加。He suggested _D _to tomorrows exhibition(展览) together.A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横 线前面的那个词多为 第三人称 he/she/Jack 人名等。回顾：1.If only I _D
13、_ there. a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成, 恭喜恭喜!2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he _c_ no money. a. had b. has c. had had d. has had解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑 B 和 D,因为前面有 would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊,用过去完成. 选 C.3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _C_ th
14、ere.a. was b. were c. had been d. went解析:答案正确.前面出现 didnt,说明是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成 .恭喜恭喜!4. It is time we _B_ up our results.a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式,恭喜恭喜!5.Dr Bethune( 白求恩) worked hard as if he _B_.a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c.
15、 never felt tired d . was tired never解析:答案正确.前面出现 worked,后面一定是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成. 恭喜恭喜!6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _D_ the book from which it was made.a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read解析:答案正确.从句意分析 wish 后是对过去的虚拟, 用过去完成 .况且另三个答案 A,B,C 从形式上都不符合虚拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜!7. It is st
16、range that such a thing _C_ in your school.a. will happen b. happens c. should happen d. happened解析:答案正确.前面出现熟悉的形容词 strange,后面一定用(should)+动词原形.恭喜恭喜!8.If she could sew,_B_.？a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat解析:这题做得有些眼睛发花了吧 !你的答案 D 中
17、出现的是 would had,这怎么可能呢?怎么可能是 had 呢?would 后面怎么着也是动词原形吧! 你肯定一激动,看见了答案中有过去不可能完成事实的虚拟 would have,正确的答案应该是 B.小心啊 !这可是 1 分啊!你已经认识到了事物的本质,可决策做得不够细致!不过, 值得鼓励!9. “Did you notice John was not at work today?”“No. If _C_ working, I would have noticed it.”a. Id be b. I wasnt c. Id been d. werent解析:这题又眼花了!怎么回事?别经常
18、激动啊!后面出现 would have,前面肯定是 had(been),怎么选 A 去了!选 C.10.“Why dont you explain it to her?”“I _A_ it to her if I thought she would understand.”a.would explain b. will explain c. explain d. would have explained 解析:这题又晕了!它说的含义是“我本来可以向她解释的“,这是对过去事实相反的虚拟句子,应该选 D.况且后面有 would。通过这位学友的做题方式和解题思路,我已经看到了大家战胜虚拟语气的信心和
19、曙光, 大家对于有些题目的做题技巧很迅速,但并不细致和完整 ,不过,照此思路坚持下去,你说以后还有必要做虚拟部分的练习吗?速度+ 耐心细致=80%成功,那 20%呢?运气!用在一些名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，这些词包括：necessary,imperative（命令）,important,essential（要素、必要的）,advisable（可取的、明智的）,ordered,proposed（推荐）,desired（渴望）,requested,suggested（建议）,recommended（劝告）,demanded（要求、询问）,decided(用于主语从句中，形式为 It
20、 is .that),order,instruction,motion（移动）,advice,demand,necessity, decision（决定 n）,proposal(提出),requirement, idea,recommendation,request,plan,desire 等（用于同位语从句或表语从句） ，这时谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。 练习：It is necessary that some immediate effort（努力、成就） _(made).解析：前面出现了 necessary that,后面肯定虚拟了，用原形。或者再一看横线前不是人，填原形
21、的被动 be madeIt is necessary that a university student _B_at least one for foreign language.A. maintains B. maintain C. will maintain D shall maintainIt is recommened that the project _B_ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not started B. not be started C. will not be started D. is not to
22、be startedI dont think it advisable that Tom _to the job since he has no experience.A.is assigned B. will be assigned C, be assigned D. has been assigned（分配）答案：前面出现 advisable that ,后面原形，被动，选 C。“What are the qualifications of a good teacher?”（资格、学历）“It is essential that he _A_strict with his students
23、.”A. be B. will be C. can be D. could be 所谓同位语从句，简单地说，就是前面出现了一个名词，而后面的从句内容是对前面名词的再解释和体现。当然这些名词也很好记，把那些需要记住的动词和形容词就行了。如：require-requirement,recommendrecommendation 等。表语从句类推。He issued the order that the troops（军队）_ (withdraw 撤回) at once.解析：前面出现 order that ,后面原形，填写 withdraw.It is my desire that all the
24、 members of the family _ (gather 聚集) once a year.回顾：The local（地方的） health organization is reported _C_ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. （总统） A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up解析:学员选的是 D.我们来分析一下 .“地方保健组织据报道 25 年前就成立了“.首先你应弄清楚组
25、织成立在前, 还是据报道在前?肯定是成立在前吧. 只有成立了才能被报道啊!这里一定有完成.排除 A,B.另外,report 后要求用动词不定式样结构,所以选 C.Although the lecture（讲座） had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_C_. A. to sitBfor to sit on Cto sit on Dfor sitting 解析:sit 是不及物动词,你还记得有个词组 sit down 吗?后面应该有个介词给予搭配,因此选 C. Lots of empty
26、boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _A_.A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 解析:这是一个习惯用语,have nothing but do,通过这个结构 ,我们可以自然而然地解出答案是 A.It is(high, about)time句型后用虚拟语气， 这时谓语动词 用过去式，指 现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。例：It is high time that we were off.It is high time tha
27、t somebody taught you to behave（表现 v） yourself.实战一下，你觉得快不快！It is time A about the traffic problem downtown（市中心的）.A.something was done B. anything will be done C. everything is done D. nothing to be done解析：前面见到了 It is time that.后面考点一定是动词的过去式，但要注意有的句子里会有被动情况发生，需要小心！选 A。Its already 5 oclock now. Dont y
28、ou think its about time C ?A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D.we can go homeIt is high time we A drug (毒品)trafficking（非法交易）.A. did away with B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with解析：看清楚了吗？只有 A 和 C 符合条件，在头脑中搜搜词组搭配，选 A。Everybody has arrived. Its time we D the meeting.A. w
29、ould start B. had started C. shall start D. started在 for fear that, in order that, in case,lest 引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词一般用 should(could, might)+动词原形。He reminded her twice of it lest she (should) forget. (remind:提醒)I will not make a noise for fear that I (should, might) disturb you.The students are working
30、hard for fear that they B in the exam.A. will fail B. should fail C. failed D. fails解析：见到 for fear that，后面原形，选 B。注意有时可能出现被动。Youd better take an umbrella （伞）with you in case it A .A. should rain B. will rain C. have rained D. can rainThe mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he A himself.A. in
31、jure（伤害） B.had injured C.injured D.would injureTony doesnt dare（ 敢） to leave the house in case B .A. he will recognize B.he should be recognized（认出） C.he is recognized D.he recognizesSinclair is working hard for fear that he C .A. fell behind B.may fall behind C.should fall behind D.would fall behin
32、d1、以 as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，从句表示与现在事实相反， 谓语动词用一般过去式，表示与过去事实相反，用 had+过去分词。表示将来的可能性不大，用 would(might, could)+动词原形(后面这个考试中不经常出现，但不怕一万，就怕万一)。He talks as if he knew all about it.(因为前面有 talks，说明是对现在的虚拟,后面应用过去时)。I feel as if we had known each other for years.(句意很简单，同时有明显的时间状语 for years，说明对过去的虚拟，后面用过
33、去完成时) 。It isnt as if he were poor.(前面出现 isnt，说明对现在的虚拟，后面用过去时，同时注意：系动词 be 在虚拟语气里不可能出现 is/was，只能用 were 或原形 be 动词) 。She speaks English as if she C an Englishman.A. be B. is C. were D. is being 前面动词现在时，后面用过去时，选 C。Franklin looked as though he D ill for a long time.A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 前
34、面动词过去时，后面过去完成时，选 D。Kitty talks as if she B on the spot.(场所、斑点)A. is B.were C.has been D.beJeff looked as if he C a ghost.A. saw B.has seen C.had seen D.would seewould rather 后用虚拟语气。我教你一招：你一旦看到了这样的句型：would rather+人/that 从句时(必须要有人或 that 从句，否则后面+动词原形/完成形式，形成 would rarher do/would rather have done 句型)，后
35、面考点一定用动词过去时。Id much rather that you tomorrow than today.A. came B. will come C. had come D. is coming：看见了 would rather+you，后面选动词过去时，选 A。Id rather you C make any comment(注释) on the issue for the time being.A. dont B.wouldnt C.didnt D.shouldntId rather you B anything about it for the time being.A.say
36、B.didnt say C.dont say D.not sayId rather you B about it for the time being.A.dont think B.didnt think C.would not think D.had not thoughtThe manager would rather that his wife B work in the same office as he does.A. does not B.did not C.would not D.will not英语二考试的重中之重的考点非真实 if 条件句中的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反句型：I
37、f+ 主语+动词 ed+,主语+would(should ,could, might)+动词原形属于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(句中的 be 动词，不管主语的人称是单或复数，一律用 were)。记住：如果这部分句型中有 be，前面不管是单数还是复数If I knew his address, I would write to him.If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.(对未来的虚拟)If the sea 500 feet, India would become an island.A. is to rise B. has ris
38、en C. were risen D. were to rise解析：看到主句中出现了 would(是词的过去时) ，证明这将是非真实条件句，需要用虚拟语气的形式。同时发现答案中有 be，那么选 D。可千万别选 C 啊，那样不就成了过去形式的被动语态啦。right now,she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave B.If she leaves C.Were she to leave D.If she had left解析：分析如上题一样，看到后面 would，该怎么办？对了，说明对现在的虚拟(right now)，选 C。这道题省略了
39、if，把 Were 提前了。非真实 if 条件句中的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反句型：If+主语+had+ 动词 ed, 主语+would(should, could, might)+have+动词2ed 用再糙点儿话：一看到这种复合句，前面有 had(been)done，后面那句话里面一定考would have(been)done;如果前面出现 would have(been)done,后面一定考 had(been)done。时刻关注一下是否有被动的含义！If I had known your address, I would have written to youHad he worked
40、harder, he the exam.A. must have got through B. could get through C. would get through D. would have got through解析：前面出现了 had，中间有逗号，后面一定考什么来着？对了，一定有 would have(been)done，选 D。我又省略了 if，你发现了吗？我把 Had 提前了。The millions of calculations( 计算)involved（有关联的）, had they been done by hand, all practical （实践的）value
41、（价值） by the time they were finished.A. could lose B. might lose C. would have lost D. ought to have lost解析：横线前面出现了 had been，后面一定考 would have(been)done，选 C。又省略 if 啦，我的马甲又脱啦！If the whole operation beforehand(事先),a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A.was not planned B.has not been plann
42、ed C.had not been planned D.were not planned解析：后面出现 would have been，前面该啥来着？恭喜你，选 C。Had he worked harder,he B the exams.A. must have got through B.would have got through C.would get throughD.could get throughfor your laziness,you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not been B.It were
43、not C.werent D.Had not it been解析：后面出现 could have been，前面一定出现？恭喜你，选 A。千万别被 D 骗了，只有 have 和 it 形成了倒装，否定词 not 不动原来的位置 (原句正常的句型应该是：If it had not been.)以“未来不太可能发生的事”为条件的虚拟条件句句型：If +主语+should+动词原形, 主语+should(would, could, might)+动词原形这种题考察的频率不高，大家可给予一般性了解。If it tomorrow, I would not go.A. should rain B. wou
44、ld rain C. will rain D. is going to rain解析：您可别前后句同时出现 would/should，怎么着也得插开啦啊！选 A。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句型：If +主语+were to+动词原形, 主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形（无论主语人称是什么，一律接 were to）。If the sun A in the west, I would follow you.A. were to rise B. was to rise C. had risen D. would rise不定式的完成时用在 intend, me
45、an, plan, suppose 等动词后，表示原打算做而 实际上未能做成的事；“need+have+done”表示有必要做的事。Mr. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left解析：suppose 本身后面就应该接 to，同时 last week 告诉我们：这件事情本来应该做，但实际上没做成，来吧！选 A。You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sor
46、t of thing.A. neednt have done B. must not have done C. shouldnt have doneD. can not have done解析：从句意我们可以看出来，你没有必要去做，因为我们有计算机帮助。选 A。有些词汇需引起注意，如 but for, otherwise, but that, without,provided that(可用 if 换用)。Planets would die without water on the earth.But for the fog we would have reached our destinat
47、ion long ago.Seize the chance, otherwise you would regret it.He was willing to give the job to me provided that I could assure him I could do it well.实战一下：We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we him.A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D.would have telephoned解析：按照其原本
48、的意图，“我们就打电话给他了”，其实这件事并没做成，但在说话者的思想中已经完成了，选 D。But for water, people D live on the earth.A. can B. will be able to C. make D. couldWe didnt know you were ill.Otherwise to see you.A. wed have come B.wed come C.we were to come D.we could come解析：选 A，因为前面出现了 otherwise，说明说话者的头脑中已经完成了动作，但实际上并没有做到。The man showed us his ID card.Without that,we stopped him from getting in.A. would have B.would C.had D. have解析：假设的情况，使用虚拟，选 A。二、非谓语动词/动名词之所以称之为“非谓语动词”，说明这类成分在句子中并不是做谓语成分 。非谓语动词有三种：动名词，动词不定式，分词。动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，其构成是：动词原形+ing，其动词的变化如同现在进行时的动词变化，与现在分词也同形。之所以称之为“动名词”，说明它兼有动词和名词的特征和作用。动名词做主语先看个例子：Sayin
