1、沪江高考资源网 2013 届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第 7 讲 单项选择动词的时态和语态时态的基本含义和用法主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法含时间状语或时间状语从句的时态断定特定语境中的动词时态经典易错题会诊命题角度 1时态的基本含义和用法1 (典型例题精选along the street looking for a place to park when the accident Awent；was occurring Bwent；occurredCwas going；occurred DWas going；had occcurred考场错解 D专家把脉 本题考查动词表示一个动作发生过程中
2、突然发生另一动作的用法。过程中的动作常用过去进行时表示，而另一动作常用一般过去时表示。根据所给答案，只有 C 项符合要求。 对症下药 C2. (典型例题精选 I was giving a talk to a targe group of people, the same talk I to half a dozen other groups.A. was giving B. am givingC. had given D. have given考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态在特殊语境中的应用。本句第一句用的是过去进行时，第二句的意思是：我已经给其他六组作过同样的报告。由此可知“已经作过
3、” 是过去的过去。故应用过去完成时。对症下药 C3. (典型例题精选) The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.A. hasn t lived B. didn t liveC. hadn t lived D. doesn t live考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态的基本用法。句意为：这所房子属于我姑姑，但她已经不住在这儿了。如果按汉语思考，则易选 A，但实际上是陈述事实，故应用一般现在时。对症下药 D4. (典型例题精选 he moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole
4、 world cheered.A. declared B. have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared考场错解 B专家把脉 本题考查时态和语态。句中 games 与 declaye 是被动关系，排除 A 和C，The moment 引导时间状语从句，declaye 与 cheer 并无明显的时间对照，故 B 不对。对症下药 D5. (典型例题精选 adies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane A. takes off B. is taking offC. h
5、as taken off D. took off沪江高考资源网 考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查动词时态。根据句意：飞机就要起飞，属于将来时，而不是一般现在时。被选项中只有 is taking off 可表示将来。对症下药 B6. (典型例题精选 ) If the traffic hadn t been so heavy, I couldn t have been back by 6 o clock.What a pity! Tina here to see you.A. is B. wasC. would be D. has been考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查一般过去时表示过去的客观事实这
6、一用法。此处指过去那时Tina Was here to see you，故用 Was。对症下药 B7. (典型例题精选 )Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace.A. can you find B. you could findC. you can find D. could you find考场错解 D专家把脉 这里并非是疑问句中 could 表示委婉语气，排除 B、D。本题 but 后的并列简单句是以 nowhere else 这个否定词开始，故要用倒装语序，从时态一致的
7、角度考虑，选 A。对症下药 A8. (典型例题精选 ) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuaded C. be persuaded D. are persuaded考场错解 B专家把脉 尽管句中是指将来的事情，但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在这时“如果人们被说服或被劝告 ”，含有被动之意，所以选用一般现在时的被动语态。对症下药 D9. (典型例题精选
8、Now that she is out of job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn t decided yet.A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to considered考场错解 C专家把脉 从题干中得知，Lucy 失业，从主句的后半句得知她还没有决定是否回学校，因此，前面是指她一直在考虑着回学校，符合现在完成进行时的含义。对症下药 B专家会诊使用各种时态时的注意事项1 一般现在时(1)有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，
9、 come，stalt，leave ，take off(起飞)， arrive，return 等。如：I leave for Beijing next Monday. The meeting begins in a minute.沪江高考资源网 (2)在 here，there，in 等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：Here he comes. There goes the bell. In came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如 see，hear, think, hope, wish, know, forget, understand,li
10、ke，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常可用于一般现在时。如： I feel a sudden pain in my head2 一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder ，think 等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式 could，should， would，rllisht 也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。如：I wanted to ask if you could help me.Could you lend me your dictionary?Would you like to have a wal
11、k in the garden with me?What should I do now?3 一般将来时(1)条件状语从句中，will 可以用作情态动词，表示“意愿” 。will 还可以用来表示一种倾向或习惯动作。如：you will wait for me，I shall go with you( 表示意愿) Crops will die without water(表示倾向性 ) Where there is water，there will be life(表示习惯性)(2)be doing 限于某些非延续性动词，如 go， come，leave，start ，finish 等，表示按计
12、划安排要发生的事。如：I am finishing my homework. He is coming. They are leaving for Tibet.4 现在进行时(1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。如： How are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。如： Don t mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与 always， au the time， fo
13、rever，constantly 等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。如： He is always thinking of his study( 表示赞许) Tom is talking his past all the time(表示厌恶)(4)连系动词 look，feel，smell，taste ，sound 等，表示心理的动词want，like ，prefer，have 等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是， turn，become，get，grow， go 等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。如：She feels worse today. The fish sme
14、lls good. The rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态) Itgetting darker and darker( 改变状态)5 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。所表示的事情纯属过去，和现在的情况没有关系。如：Who pointed out the mistake? He will never be what he used to be. He went to town yesterday. (过去某次) When I was young, I took b
15、ath regularly.( 过去经常 ) I would tell him the great changes when I was in his home. (经常发生的动作)现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间，所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。如：Have you ever been to Shanghai? He has gone to the library.(2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有 yesterday, last night, two days ago, at that time 等; 如 : At
16、that time, he was very poor. I finished my homework two days ago.沪江高考资源网 现在完成时常用的状语，副词有 already，just， yet，never，ever，before 等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如 today， now，lately，recently，in the last/past few days/ weeks/years，since then，up to now，so far 等。如：I have never seen such a big apple.He has reme
17、mbered 500 words this month.He has been there for five months.I haven t seen him since 典型例题精选 I havent seen him since he left.I won t believe you until I have seen it .with my own eyes.比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同：He served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题精选去的一件事，现在不是军人 )He hasservedinthe armyfor 6 years(现在还在服役 )H
18、e wrote many novels when he Was at college(写许多小说是读大学时的事情)He has written many novels(写过许多小说，还在写)I flaw War and Peace last year(去年看的)I have seen War and Peace before( 以前看过)6 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。如：You look so tired。what have you been doing?We have been cUseussing the
19、 problem but we ha- veilt drawn a conclusion考场思维训练1 I with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.A. stayed B. am stayingC. have stayed D. was staying1B 解析：从后文可知父母还 在度假，那么是现在正在和叔叔一起住。2 What s the weather like tomorrow?Well, I it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention
20、 as the weather forecast was going on.A. was missing B. missedC. will miss D. had missed2B 解析：错过了是过去的事情。3 Has George returned from Japan yet? I d like to meet him.Im terribly sorry, but he back here only for last weekend.A. has been B. would beC. had been D. was3D 解析：这里 时间状语 for last weekend 并不是表示一段
21、时间，只是 说明一个过去的情况。命题角度 2主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法1. (典型例题精选) Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of Englandlast night.A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused沪江高考资源网 考场错解 B专家把脉 损失是暴风雨造成的，所以应该是被动。但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用过去完成时的 B 项就错了。暴风雨是昨晚发生的
22、事情，但由此造成的影响还在继续，所以应当用现在完成时的被动语态。对症下药 A2. (典型例题精选 ) Why did you leave that position?I a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offeredC. am offered D. was offered考场错解 C专家把脉 动词 offer 常用在 offer sbsth结构中，这里主语是 I故用被动语态。又因为动作发生在过去，因此选 D。对症下药 D3. (典型例题精选 ) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of
23、good earth each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away考场错解 C专家把脉 本题考查进行时态中的被动语态。根据 with 复合结构判断，森林正在被毁，因此大量的好土正在被冲走。所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。对症下药 D4. ( 典型例题精选 ) According to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.A. is expected B. ex
24、pectsC. expected D. is expecting考场错解 D专家把脉 句意为：按绘画经纪人的话来说，这幅画预料至少值 100 万美元。句子的主语是 painting，不能发出预料的动作，应该是“被指望、被预料” ，所以用被动语态。对症下药 A5. (典型例题精选) The hero s story differently in the newspapers.A. was reported B. was reportingC. reports D. reported考场错解 D专家把脉 本题考查动词的语态。report“报道” 和主语 story 为动宾关系，用被动语态，排除 C
25、、D，选项 B 为过去进行时，并不表被动，应排除。对症下药 A6. ( 典型例题精选 ) The policeman s attention was suddenlycaught by a small box which placed under the Minister s car.A. has been B. had beenC. was being D. would be考场错解 C专家把脉 本题考查动词的被动语态。place 之一动作发生在 catch 之前，用过去沪江高考资源网 完成时，且 box 与 place 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态。对症下药 B专家会诊1 在口语和
26、非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词 do 来构成。有时也会出现 “become+过去分词”的结构。如：He got wounded in a battle. She got married last week. The patient gets treated once a week. Did you get scolded yesterday? He became seized with a deep sorrow.2 短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动
27、词的被动语态形式是：情态动词+be+过去分词。如：The old woman was often laughed at.The doctor has been sent for.Time must be made good use of.The plan will be given up.Bad habits have been done away with.The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.3 主动形式表示被动意义的情况1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look(看上去)，snlel，taste，s
28、ound，feel，appear( 似乎) ，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true. The examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate ，record，lock， shut，open，wash，clean ，run，sell 等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well. Th
29、e door locks easily. The coat wears well.3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如 begin，finish ， start，open，close，stop，end ，shut ，run，move 等。如： Work began at 7 oclock this morning The shop closes at 6 pmeveryday4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make 等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat
30、is hanging behind the door.5)某些不及物动词(短语 )的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有： happen，take place， break out， belong to，go out，run out 等。如： The accident happened yesterday evening. The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually. All of our food has run out.考场思维训练1 the Christmas card Mr. White?No.
31、 It s still on the desk.A. Has; given B. Was ; givenC. Has; been given D. Will; be given1C 解析：强调结 果，圣诞卡有没有被送去。 2 Only when your identity has been checked, _ .A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allow in沪江高考资源网 D. will you be allowed in2D 解析：将来的事情，被许可，且 应用倒装句。3 Do you know anyon
32、e in Paris?No, but Ill make friends once .A. I m settled B. I 11 be settledC. I ve been settled D. I had settled3A 解析：动作并未发生，不能用完成时， 这里 be settled 表示状态。4 The high standard of the nation s literature and art widespread attention.A. was attracted B. have attractedC. has attracted D. has been attracted
33、4C 解析：表示 “某事吸引某事”，主动代替被动，同时主语是不可数名词 standard。命题角度 3含时间状语或时间状语从句的时态断定1. (典型例题精选 )When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid考场错解 D专家把脉 如果误解为“was/were doing
34、when”(即将突然)句型，就会错选 D。从句意看 hide 的动作在 start 之前就已经开始了，应当用过去完成时来表示过去的过去。对症下药A2. (典型例题精选 )Scientists think that the continentswhere they today.A. arent ; are B. aren t ; wereC. weren t ; are D. weren t ; were考场错解 A专家把脉 单纯看时间状语好像是用现在时态，但语境告诉我们的是今天各个大陆板块的位置与过去的不同，因此，前者是一般过去时，后者才是一般现在时。对症下药 C3. (典型例题精选 ) Le
35、t s keep to the point or we any decisions.A. will never reach B. have never reaehedC. never reach D. never reached考场错解 C专家把脉 考查“ 祈使句+or/and+陈述句” 结构的用法。一般陈述句中是一般将来时。根据本句的意思：咱们还是抓住要点(别跑题) ，否则就永远得不出结论 (做不出决定)，应选一般将来时。对症下药 A4. (典型例题精选) That was really a splendid evening. It s years I enjoyed myself so m
36、uch.A. when B. thatC. before D. since沪江高考资源网 考场错解 A专家把脉 看起来似乎是连接词的选择。本题暗含了句型“It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句” ，且 since 从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是 Was，则 since 从句中用过去完成时。对症下药 D专家会诊固定句式中的时态和语态的情况：1 在 I fI unless，even if 引导的条件状语从句中，在 when，until(till)，as soon as， the moment， once 引导的时间状语从句中，no mater what/who/ which?
37、when/where，how 或 whatever，whoever， whichever/whenever/wherever/however 弓导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时 (往往出现 will/ shall/Call/must)或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Ill not go unless I am invited Tell him the hews as soon as he comes2 “be+to do“表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。如：All the
38、 questions areto be answered at once( 表示拟订的事情)No one is to leave the room without the permissionof the police( 表示按职责必须做的事)They are abouttoleavetonight(错误，去掉 tonight)3 语境中的过去时，往往表示“ 刚才，刚刚”的意思，暗示现在已 “不再这样”。如：I didnt know you were here(说话时已经知道了你在这儿 )I never thought he would do that(说话时已经知道了他会这样做 )4 表示愿
39、望、打算一类的词，如 hope，expect， mean，intend，want，think，suppose，want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：I had hoped to see more of New York(实际上没能实现 )I had mean to help you，but I Was too busy at that moment(本来打算帮你，但没有实现) I had thought that he would come tomorrow(结果是他明天不能来)5 三个特殊句式的固定时态。(1)This/It is the first/secondtim
40、e+that 从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的 is 为Wa$时，贝 0 用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I hare come to the famous city.It was the forth time he had made the same mistake.(2)It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句 o since 从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是wag，则 since 从句中用过去完成时。如：lt WaS ten years since we had had such a wonder ful time(3)It+be+一
41、段时间+before 从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。如：h wont be long before he succeeds(要不了多久他就会成功 )h was ten years before they met again(十年后，他们又见面了)考场思维训练1 The cell phone I I is on the backseat of my car.A. thought; had lost B. think; had lost沪江高考资源网 C. thought; have l
42、ost D. think; lost1A 解析：表本以为用过去时 ，“丢” 在“认为”以前，用过去完成时。2 Alice, you looked puzzled. Have you understood it?Yes. I another problem just now.A. have thought of B. am thinking ofC. had thought of D. was thinking of2D 解析：暗示 现在没有想了。 3 I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
43、A. For the first time B. At firstC. It was the first time D. The first time3D 解析：The first time 引导时间状语从句探究开放题解答综合问题 l特定语境中的动词时态1. ( 典型例题精选 My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then went to America.A. worked B. would workC. would be working D. has been working解题思路 正确分
44、析试题的语境是解好本题的关键。根据题干所给的时间信息“went to”；“for a few months“和“then went to”可以确定过去时为本句的主时态。解答 A2. Hey, boy! Look where you are going!Oh, I m terribly sorry, A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticingC. I am not noticed D. I don t noticed解题思路 题干中没有明显的时问状语，但从 Im terribly sorry 可知，是在提醒现在知道了自己的错误，没有“notice”是过去的事
45、情，所以还是用过去进行时。解答 B3. All the preparations for the task , and they re ready to start.A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed解题思路 句子的后半部分是 and 引导的并列句，句意是：他们准备开始了，并且所有的准备工作已经做好了，符合现在完成时的含义和用法。解答 D规律总结1 熟练掌握各时态的基本用法和构成；2 关注题干中所给的时间信息；3 分析题干中的隐含时间信息，如文中已有的动词时态及上下文意思的暗示；4 注意句中名
46、词与动词的关系，正确分析语态。考点高分解题综合训练I 单项选择1 ( 典型例题精选 ) The water cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels沪江高考资源网 1c 解析：由 when 引导的时间 状语从句可知应用过去时，由于 water 与 feel 和 cool 构成主系表结构，故应选 C。2 (典型例题精选 think it is necessary for my 19 -year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner.A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come2D 解析：本题 后半句意思是：因为我想弄清楚他是否回家吃晚饭。因 if 在此引导的是make sure 的宾语 从句，其谓语 可根据意思需要确定时态。此处表示将来。3 (典型例题精选 is said that the early European play
