1、黄河涵闸远程监控系统质量控制魏开松1，黄波2，端木凌云2（1.天桥黄河河务局 2.山东黄河勘测设计研究院）摘 要：新时期黄河治理开发的标志是：“堤防不决口、河道不断流、污染不超标，河床不抬高”，根据新时期的治水思路，提出了建设好“三条黄河”（即“原型黄河”、“数字黄河”、“模型黄河”）的现代治黄理念。利用先进的传感器技术、电子技术、网络与通信技术对引黄涵闸进行技术改造，实现引黄涵闸的远程监控，黄河水量统一调度和水资源优化配置是“数字黄河”的重要组成部分。关键词：黄河；涵闸; 远程监控; 系统质量控制1前言 由于黄河引黄涵闸分布在黄河下游的沿黄各地，地域空间跨度大，工程条件差，系统组成复杂，管理
2、极为不便。利用先进的传感器技术、电子技术、网络与通信技术对引黄涵闸进行技术改造，实现引黄涵闸的远程监控，即现地测控、视频监控。现地测控系统是引黄涵闸远程监控系统的核心和基础，所有远程监控信息采集、传输及响应均以现地测控系统为基础。通过视频接入终端和控制解码器，可对摄像机云台的转动、镜头的变焦、变倍、变光圈及刮雨器进行控制。所有图像通过视频接入终端压缩后通过网络通信传送到闸管所，以便进行现场管理和控制，同时这些图像经以太网交换机和无线通信传送到黄河水量调度管理系统网络上，供各级水调中心调用。为保证各级监控终端上同时显示三幅图像的连贯性、实时性要求，现场视频接入终端和网络带宽要求的设置中，设备采用
3、了速率自适应功能，能够在网络传输通道得改善时，自动将图像的传输调整到最佳状态。涵闸视频监视系统具备如下功能：闸前、闸后水情及环境状况、闸室的环境状况的视频采集。通过视频接入终端将摄像机采集的视频信号数字化并压缩处理。将压缩数据通过以太网传送给闸管所，以便进行现地管理和控制，同时这些数据通过无线通信传送到各级监控中心，接收远程控制指令，根据指令要求自动切换视频源或对云台和摄像机等设备进行控制。通过控制摄像机转动的角度和焦距的调整实现对涵闸的实时图像监视。2.系统功能本系统包括：现地测控系统、视频监控系统、闸管所监控站、系统电源、网络电话系统、网络通讯设备等。系统总体结构图为：系统主要功能如下：
4、实现涵闸启闭机的实时控制及启闭状态监测； 实现涵闸闸前、闸后水位及闸室内环境的实时监测； 实现闸前、闸后、闸室及周边环境的现地和远方监视； 实现启闭机的限位、过载等安全保护。 实现闸室与闸管所、省局、黄委的语音通讯功能。3系统质量控制远程监控系统质量控制主要包括：系统实时性的质量控制；系统可靠性的质量控制；系统可维护性的质量控制；系统可用率的质量控制；系统CPU负载率的质量控制；系统安全性的质量控制；系统可扩性的质量控制；系统软件的质量控制。3.1 实时性监控系统满足数据采集、人机通信、控制功能和系统通信的时间要求。数字量采集周期：1s;模拟量采集周期：电量2s，非电量10s;事件顺序记录分辨
5、率：5ms;实时数据库更新周期：2s;控制命令响应时间：控制命令回答响应时间1s；接受执行命令到执行控制的响应时间1s;人机通信响应时间：运行人员发出一个新的图像调用命令开始到100%画面显示在显示器上为止的响应时间不超过2s；在已显示画面上动态数据更新周期不超过2s。3.2 可靠性控制系统及其设备能够适应本工程的工作环境，具有足够高的抗干扰性能，能长期可靠地稳定运行。本系统设备的MTBF参数如下：（为设备投运后时间）闸管所监控计算机（含硬盘）16000h现地监控设备PLC30000h3.3 可维护性系统的硬件和软件便于维护、测试和检修。 设备具有自诊断功能。 有便于试验和隔离故障的断开点。
6、配备合适的专用安装插卸工具。 预防性维护使磨损性故障尽量减少。 互换件和不可互换件可保证识别。 可提高硬件的代换能力。 软件可方便的进行修改和增加。 平均故障修复时间（MTTR）：诊断（或检查）及更换故障插板时间在30分钟以内。3.4 可用率系统设计应采用高可靠性元件，实时操作系统应具有实际运行经验，软件实用，能达到较高的系统可用率。在系统试运行及设备验收后的一年保证期内故障时间不超过可使用时间的1%。3.5 CPU负载率监控计算机的处理能力留有充分的裕度，能力储备在50%以上，PLC的CPU能力储备在20%以上。3.6 系统安全系统在操作、通信、硬件、软件和固件确保安全，具体措施如下：3.6
7、.1操作安全性的保证措施 对本系统各项功能和每一次操作提供检查和校核，发现有误时能报警或撤消。 当操作有误时，能自动被禁止动作。 在人机通信中设操作员控制权口令。3.6.2通信安全性的保证措施： 系统设计可保证信息传送中的错误不会导致系统关键性故障。 上级水调中心与现地监控系统的通信包括控制信息时，对有否响应作出明确肯定的指示。当通信失败时，可考虑25次重复通信并报警。 通道设备上提供适当的检查手段，以证实通道正常。3.6.3硬件、软件和固件安全性的保证措施： 有电源故障保护。 有自检能力，检出故障时能自动显示报警。 任何硬件和软件的故障都不会危及系统的完善和人身的安全。 系统中任何单个元件的
8、故障不会造成生产设备的误动。3.7 可扩性为确保将来可能增加监控的闸门孔数、监控的内容或涵闸扩建后监控扩容，该系统在以下方面具有可扩展性： 备用点不少于使用点设备的20%。 监控计算机存储器容量有40%以上裕度。 留有扩充现地控制单元、外围设备或系统通信的接口。 通道利用率留有足够裕度，通道利用率小于50%。 柜内应留有可扩充设备的空间。3.8 软件性能该远程监控系统包括操作系统、支持程序和实用程序、数据库、人机接口、通信、应用、视频系统等软件，各软件的性能如下：3.8.1操作系统软件系统资源的管理。具有直接控制输入和输出设备的能力。有效地执行高级语言程序。对系统的启动、终止、监视、组态和其他
9、联机活动有交互式语言命令支持。通过任务名称、数据名称和操作符号实现软件相互连接。为系统生成提供服务。3.8.2支持程序和实用程序具有有效的编程软件，以进行应用软件的开发，编程软件包括标准的汇编语言、高级语言编译程序、交互式图像编译程序、交互式报告编译程序和用于PLC编程的梯形图等。具有容易使用和代码汇编的连接装配程序。具有通过终端设备对应用软件进行检验和修改的实用程序。具有存储器转存的实用程序。3.8.3数据库软件数据库的结构和组织能支持应用程序直接迅速存取数据及对数据的查询修改和扩充。保持应用程序与数据之间的高度独立性。保持数据库中数据的可靠性，提供数据保护，以防人为或程序造成的不正当修改。
10、数据库软件能对测量值进行越复限处理及定时、定期进行数据归档、检索。数据库的修改分别以静态数据和动态数据两种形式由相应的编辑程序及其它程序来实现。3.8.4人机接口软件人机接口软件能满足系统功能要求和操作要求，包括实时画面显示与刷新、简报窗口、操作命令分析与处理、参数设定与修改、语音报警、画面拷贝等。具有有效的编程软件，以进行应用软件的开发，如各种编程、编译程序等。3.8.5通信软件通信软件基于TCP/IP以太网络接口，为系统各进程间提供网络透明的通信服务，为系统的资源和数据共享提供必要的条件和有效的保护。通信软件能监视通信通道故障，并进行故障切除和报警；网络通信交换数据量及其频度满足功能要求和
11、系统性能要求。3.8.6应用软件a.系统含有用于完成涵闸监控系统功能的各种应用软件及源程序和开发、维护设备。b.应用软件具有高效性、高可靠性和可维护性，采用模块化设计方法，便于扩展和修改。c.功能软件模块或任务模块具有一定的完整性和独立性，软件环境的设计使运行人员能安全地实现应用软件的补充和修改。3.8.7视频系统软件在涵闸现地安装视频监视前端软件，包括图像数据采集压缩软件、系统控制软件和网络数据传输软件。既可在现场对摄像机和云台进行控制，又可执行上级水调中心发出的视频设备控制命令。在闸管所监控计算机上装设视频监控软件，该软件负责视频设备的管理、图像监控、报警处理、实时控制等功能。4结语该系统
12、设计了各级监控站的权限设置问题，特别是现地启闭机运行控制及故障保护功能的设计，各级监控站权限状态的合理设置，解决了现地与远程发生冲突及出现意外紧急情况时的应急处理措施，使系统功能更加安全完善。通过超声波水位计对闸前、闸后水位的准确测定，确定涵闸引水流量。在研究过程中加入了实时语音对话系统，实现了实时地语音通话功能，使系统应用功能更加完善。通过实施远程监控系统，可实现黄委、省局、市局、县局和现地5级控制，各级均可以通过监视系统掌握所管辖的黄河涵闸的运行情况及现地或远程开启与关闭水闸。达到黄河水量统一调度和水资源优化配置的目的。对黄河引水和工程状况信息进行实时调度，提高了涵闸的现代化管理水平，对确
13、保黄河防洪安全和黄河不断流、促进下游地区社会经济的可持续发展具有重大意义。Quality Control of Sluice Gates Remote Monitoring System on Yellow RiverWei Kaisong1 Huang Bo2 Duanmu Lingyun2(1 Jinan Tianqiao Yellow River Bureau 2 Design and Reconnaissance Institute of Shanddong Yellow River)Abstract: “Three Yellow Rivers” as a new concept of
14、 river management is put up in recent years, viz. “Physical River, Digital River and Modeling River”. The remote monitoring system of sluice gates system is one important part of “Digital River”, which can remotely monitor all the sluice gates on the Yellow river and realize centralized dispatch of
15、water volume and optimal allocation of water resources.Keywords: Yellow river, sluice gates, remote monitoring, quality control1. Preface The sluice gates of Yellow river are distributed along the whole downstream banks, and the management is inconvenient due to their wide distributing space, bad fi
16、eld condition and complicated system constitution. The technical transformation to these sluice gates by using modern sensor technology, electronic technology, and network and communication technology would realize remote monitoring for these sluice gates, viz. field measuring and video monitoring.F
17、ield measure and control system is the core and foundation for the sluice gates remote monitoring system and all the message collection, transmission and response is on the basis of it. By video access terminal and control decoder, the video camera can be controlled to rotate, zoom and lens self-cle
18、aning. All the images are compressed and transmitted to the sluice gate management department by video input terminal and communication network, then could realize field management and control. Meanwhile, these images are also transmitted to water volume allocation system of Yellow river by internet
19、 switch and wireless communication and used by water allocation centers at all levels. In order to guarantee the 3D images continuity and real-time demand on monitor terminal at all levels, the equipments has adaptation function and can automatically adjust image transmit to optimal state. The sluic
20、e gates monitoring system has following functions:（1）Video information of water condition before and after the sluice, environment condition, sluice chamber condition are collected by video camera and digitalized and compressed. （2）The compressed data are transmitted to gate management department by
21、 internet, and then practice field management and control; at the same time the data are transmitted to monitoring center of all levels by wireless communication， and receive remote control command, then automatically switch video source and video camera.（3）Realize real-time video monitoring of the
22、gates by remote control cameras rotating and zooming. 2. System function The system conclude: field measure system, video monitoring system, gate management monitoring station, system power, internet telephone system, internet communication equipments, etc.The structure graph of the whole system is
23、as follows.The main functions of the system are as follows:（1）It can realize the real-time control of the sluice hoist and the state monitoring.（2）It can realize the real-time monitoring of the water level before and after the sluice and the environment in the sluice chamber.（3）It can realize the fi
24、eld and remote surveillance of the environment before and after the sluice and the surrounding.（4）It can realize the protection when the sluice hoist is excess or overload.（5）It can realize the voice communication among the sluice gates place, the Provincial Bureau, and the Yellow River Conservancy
25、Commission.3. Quality Control of the SystemThe quality controls of remote monitoring system mainly include the quality control of the system real-time performances, the reliability, the availability, the CPU load rate, the security, the expansive capacity, and the quality control of the system softw
26、are.3.1 real-time performancesMonitoring system can satisfy the need of time in the data collection, human-computer communication, control and system communication.（1）The digital collection cycle: 1s;（2）The analog acquisition cycle: electricity 2s, non-electricity 10s;（3）The resolution of the sequen
27、ce of events record: 5ms;（4）The update cycle of real-time database: 2s;（5）The response time of control command: Command answer response time1s; command implementation response time1s; （6）Human-computer communication response time: the response time of a new command for calling a new image to display
28、 on the monitor16000h;The field monitoring equipment PLC30000h;3.3 Maintainability The system hardware and the software is easy to maintain, measure and repair.（1）The equipment has self-diagnosis function;（2）The system has breakpoint for experiment and failure isolation;（3）Equipped with special in(u
29、n)stall tools;（4）Pre-maintenance minimize the wearing failure ;（5）Exchange or un-exchange components can be acknowledged;（6）Improve the substitution ability;（7）The software can be changed and complemented easily;（8）The average maintenance time of a failure is in 30ms.3.4 Available rateThe system des
30、ign should adopt high reliability components, the real-time operating system should has practical running experience, the software should be practical, then the system can obtain high availability. The total failure time of the system should not exceed 1% of the running time during the one-year guar
31、antee time of after one year trial operation and equipment acceptance check. 3.5 CPU loading rateThe processing ability of the monitoring computer has sufficient adequacy and ability storage over 50%, the CPU ability storage of PLC over 20%.3.6 System safetyThe specific measures for the system safet
32、y on operation, communication, hardware, software and fixed ware are as follows.3.6.1 Guarantee measures for operation safety（1）Every function and operation of the system has check and verification, warning and cancel would be took place when error is founded ;（2）when meeting wrong operation it woul
33、d be forbid to operate automatically;（3）A control right command is used on man-computer communication;3.6.2 Guarantee measures for communication safety（1）The system design can ensure not lead to key system failure under message error in transmit;（2）When the high level of water allocation center and
34、the field monitoring system has control message, it should has clear and confirm command;（3）The equipment of information pipe fixed checking tools, then ensure it is formal;3.6.3 Guarantee measures for hardware and software（1）Power failure protection;（2）Self-check ability and auto-warning when failu
35、re is found;（3）Any hardware and software failure doesnt affect the safety on people and system;（4）Any component failure can not lead to error running of the equipments.3.7 ExtendibilityIn order to guarantee the monitor extendibility on adding gates number or gate extension construction, the system h
36、as extendibility on following aspects:（1）Backup points number is not less 20% of the running equipments;（2）The adequacy of the computer storage is over 40%;（3）Prepare interface at field control unit and system communication;（4）The passage using rate has over 50% adequacy.（5）Adequate space is prepare
37、d in equipment cabinet.3.8 The Performance of SoftwareThe remote monitoring system includes the software in operating systems, support program and practical program, databases, human-computer interfaces, communications, applications, video systems and so on. The performances of that software are as
38、follows:3.8.1 The Operating System Software（1）It can manage the system resources.（2）It has the ability to control the import and export equipment directly.（3）It can implement the high-level language program effectively.（4）It has interactive language command which can support the system activities of
39、 the start-up, termination, monitoring, configuration, and other on-line activities.（5）It can realize the connection of those software though the task name, the data name and operate symbols.（6）It can provide services for system generation.3.8.2 Support Program and Practical Program（1）It has effecti
40、ve programming software which can be used to develop application software. Those programming software include the standard assembly language, high-level language compiler, interactive graphics compiler, interactive report compiler, and ladder using for the PLC programming, and so on.（2）It has connec
41、t and assembly process which used code compilation and can be easily used.（3）It has practical process which can test and revise the application software with the terminal equipment.（4）It has the practical program for the memory redeposit.3.8.3 Database Software（1）The structure and organization of th
42、e database can support the application to have a direct access to data and realize the inquiry, revision and expansion of data.（2）It can maintain the high independence between applications and data.（3）It can maintain the reliability of the data in the database and provide data protection to prevent
43、improper modification whether is caused by man-made or procedure.（4）The database software can dispose the measurements while excess the limits, and it is timing and regular to archive and retrieve data.（5）The emendation of database is separately used two forms of static data and dynamic which is ach
44、ieved by relevant editing process and other procedures.3.8.4 Human-computer Interface SoftwareHuman-computer interface software can meet the requirements of system and operation. The interfaces include real-time screen display and refresh, brief window, analysis and processing of the operations comm
45、and, the set and modification of the parameters, voice alarm, the image copy, and so on. It has the effective software to develop the practical program, such as a variety of programming and compiler.3.8.5 Communication SoftwareCommunication software, which is based on TCP/IP Ethernet interface, can
46、provide transparent network communications services for the process of the system, and can provide necessary conditions and effective protection for the resources and information share of the system. Communications software can monitor the fault in the communications channel, carry out fault removal
47、 and give an alarm. The amount and frequency of the exchange data in the network communications should meet the requirements of function and system performance.3.8.6 Application Software （1）The system contains various applications and source code which are used to realize the monitoring system features of the sluice gates, and the equipment for development and maintenance.（2）The application s
