1、Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists基础落实.高频单词思忆1.The enemy was (打败) in a decisive battle.2.The baby was left (暴露) to the sun. 3.This illness cant be (治愈) easily.4.Clever children (吸收) knowledge quickly.,defeated,exposed,cured,absorb,5.The drought is becoming increasingly (严重的). 6.Who invented the steam (发
2、动机)?7.Kindness is one of his (特征).8.It took the jury some time to reach the c that she was guilty.9.Which driver was to b for the accident? 10.We c 5,000 yuan to the earthquake fund.,severe,engine,characteristics,onclusion,lame,ontributed,.重点短语再现1. 提出2. 得出结论3. 使暴露于中4. 结束5. 除之外；此外6. 导致，造成（后果）7. 调查8.
3、也；另外9. 有意义；讲得通10. 将和连接起来,put forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to.,come to an end,apart from,lead to,look into,in addition,make sense,link.to.,.典型句式运用1.Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?你知道如何用科学的研究 方式来证明一个新观点吗？ 有些及物动词像know,ask,tell, consider,decide,explain等，后面可以跟 “ ”结构作 ，这类疑问
4、词有 how,what,when,where,whether等。 这种“疑问词+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，在句 中还可以作 、表语、状语等。,考点提炼,疑问词+不定式,宾语,主语,2.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个证据，约 翰斯诺就肯定地宣布，这种污染了的水携带着 病菌。 was/were able to do意为“ ”，相当于managed to do或 succeeded in doing。此时不
5、可用could替换，因 为could通常表示“曾经具备某种能力，过去能做 （而现在不能了）”。,考点提炼,成功地做,了某事，做成了某事,3.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况 的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经 过检测。 suggest (to sb.) that.意为 “ ”，此时that从句中的谓 语动词要用 形式， 以省略。,考点提炼,（向某人）建议,should+v.,shoul
6、d,4.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知 道，在找到病源之前，霍乱是无法控制的。 never.until.其中until=till意 为“ ”。 句中谓语动词应为 动词；若为 动 词，则应用肯定形式。 注意 not until/never until放在句首时，句子 应采用倒装结构。 not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that/who.。,考点提炼,直到为止,终止性,延续性,导练互动重点单词1.conclude Draw a .
7、 (回归课本P1) 观察思考 He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。 The play concluded with a happy ending. 这出戏以大团圆结束。 They concluded a treaty with Turkey. 他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。,conclusion,归纳总结conclude vi. & vt.，意为： 。conclude sth.with sb.就某事与某人达成协议to conclude最后(2)
8、conclusion n.结束；结论in conclusion最后；总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论come to a conclusion that.所得结论是,推断，断定；结束；造,成；缔结,(1)conclude,sth.(from sth.)(from sth.) that.,推断出，断定,conclude sth.,with sth.by doing sth.,以结束,即学即用(1)会议于十点钟结束。 The meeting .(2)从证据看，我敢断定你错了。 From the evidence I must you ar
9、e wrong. (3)最后，祝大家取得圆满成功！ ,I wish everyone a complete success! (4)我看他是在说谎。 I that he was lying.,concluded at ten oclock,conclude that,To conclude,came to the conclusion,来源:Zxxk.Com,2.defeat John Snow “King Cholera”. (回归课本P2) 观察思考 He defeated the champion in three sets. 他三盘击败了冠军。 The instruction manu
10、al completely defeated me. 这操作指南把我完全弄糊涂了。 Staying late at the office to discuss shorter working hours rather defeats the object of the exercise! 迟迟待在办公室讨论缩短工作时间恰恰是在阻挠 这一目标的实现！ They finally had to admit defeat. 他们最后只得认输。,defeats,归纳总结defeat 。易混辨异defeat,beat,win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.
11、作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team,a class,a school,an army等。另外,defeat还可用于指在战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。(2)win后接sth.,如game,war,prize,love,respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。,vt.打败；难住；阻挠；n.失败,即学即用(1)张怡宁在第29届奥运会上艰难地战胜了李佳薇。 Zhang Yining Li Jiawei in the 29th Olympics. (2)这个问题把我难住了，我无法解决它。 The problem has and I cant solve it.
12、(3)这个政党面临选举失败。 The party in the election.,defeated,with,difficulty,defeated me,faces defeat,3.expose But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people to cholera. (回归课本P2) 观察思考 When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth. 他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙。 He exposed the plan to the newspa
13、pers. 他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。 The film has been exposed. 这胶卷已经曝光了。 Do not expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。,exposed,归纳总结expose 。expose sth.显露或露出某事物expose sth./sb./oneself (to sth.)显露或暴露某人/某事物/自己exposed adj.（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的be exposed to暴露于exposure n.显露，暴露；揭露，揭发,vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受,即学即用(1)婴儿被遗弃于风雨
14、之中。 The baby was left . (2)他说了那句不妥的话，暴露了自己对此事的无知。 That unfortunate remark of the subject.(3)那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处。 The cottage is at the top of the hill.,exposed to the wind and,rain,exposed his,ignorance,in a very exposed position,4.cure Neither its cause nor its was understood. (回归课本P2) 观察思考 There is no c
15、ure for the common cold at present. 目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。 Can you cure me of my cold? 你能治好我的感冒吗？,cure,归纳总结cure 治愈，治疗。(1)a cure for sth.治疗的方法(2)cure sb.of+疾病名称 治愈某人的疾病cure sb.of+不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为(3)与cure sb.of sth.结构类似的短语还有：remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人（做）某事rob sb.of sth.抢了某人某物inform sb.of sth.
16、通知某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事,n. & vt.,注意 treat和cure都表示“治疗”的意思。但treat表示治疗过程，不表示结果，而cure强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”，常与of连用。即学即用用适当的of短语填空(1)She him stealing.(2)Please us any changes of address. (3)You me your father when you say that. (4)He resigned after he was theft.,accused,of,inform,of,re
17、minded,of,suspected of,5.blame It seemed that the water was to . (回归课本P2) 观察思考 He blamed you for the neglect of duty. 他责备你玩忽职守。 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。 The government will have to take the blame for the riots. 政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。,blame,归纳总结bl
18、ame ；n.过失；责备。blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备（此处不能用被动语态）accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人,vt.责备；把归咎于,即学即用(1)如果不怪你，该怪谁呢？(2)我们愿对所发生的事负责。(3)如果结果糟糕，她将会怪罪于我们。,If you are not to blame,the
19、n who is?,We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.,Shell put the blame on us if it turnsout badly.,6.contribute to (回归课本P4) 观察思考 This new discovery will contribute to all humanity. 这个新发现将对全人类作出贡献。 Most people contributed something towards/to the new church buildings. 大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐献了一些东
20、西。 A little exercise will contribute a lot to your health. 少量的运动对你的健康大有帮助。 She contributes regularly to a physics journal. 她经常向一家物理杂志社投稿。,contribute,归纳总结contribute 。(1)contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to为作出贡献；把时间投入；有助于；导致(2)contribution n.捐献物；贡献；捐款；稿件make a contribution to对作出贡献contribution to对的贡献(3)cont
21、ributor n.撰稿人；捐助人；促成物,vt. & vi.贡献；捐助；增加，添进；,投稿,即学即用（1）他主动向红十字会捐款。 He offered to the Red Cross.（2）各种因素导致了他的倒台。 Various factors his downfall.（3）我已经给北京晚报投了好几篇文章，可一 篇也没发表过。 I Beijing Evening News,but none of them have been published. （4）他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献。 He the overall success of the project.,contrib
22、ute to,contributed to,have contributed several articles to,made a very positive contribution to,重点短语与句型7.put forward Who a theory about black holes? (回归课本P1) 观察思考 A better plan was put forward by the headmaster. 校长提出了一项更好的计划。 Her name was put forward as the best for the job. 她被推荐为这项工作的最佳人选。 Put the
23、clock forward by 5 minutes. 把表拨快5分钟。,put forward,归纳总结put forward意为： 。put aside节省；储蓄，储存put away放好；积蓄put back放回；拨回put down记下；镇压put in放入；加进put off延期，推迟put on穿上；演出put out熄灭，扑灭put through接通电话put up举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造,提出；推荐；建议；将提前,即学即用用put的相关短语填空(1)Tom the lamp and went out.(2)Never till tomorrow what you can
24、do today. (3)She some good proposals for educational reform.(4)We some money every month for our retirement. (5)They are going to a memorial in memory of people who died in the earthquake.,put out,put off,put forward,put,aside,put up,8.apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learne
25、d the following phrases. (回归课本P4) 观察思考 Apart from their house in London,they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座 别墅。 It was a difficult time.Apart from everything else,we had financial problems. 当时是困难时期。别的一切都不说，我们财政上 也有问题。,Apart from,归纳总结apart from意为： 。(1)in addition to除之外（还有，包括除去内容在内）
26、besides除之外（还有，包括除去内容在内）except除之外（不包括除去内容在内）except for除了之外；只是except that (what/when/where.)除了(2)take.apart将拆开tell A and B apart分辨出A与B,除之外；此外,即学即用(1)姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我穿。 ,the dress doesnt suit me. (2)除了几个缺点外，他是个很好的老师。 He is a good teacher some shortcomings. (3)他除了是位学者，还是位有名的作家。 ,he was a famous writer.
27、(4)很小的时候，我常拆卸旧玩具车。 I often some old toy cars when I was a child.,Apart from the cost,except for,Besides being a scholar,took,apart,9.make sense Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky . (回归课本P7) 观察思考 What you say does not make sense to me. 你说的话我弄不明白。 No matter
28、 how you read it,this sentence doesnt make sense. 不论你怎么读，这个句子都讲不通。,make sense,归纳总结make sense意为： 。make sense of理解，明白make no sense没道理；没意义There is no sense in doing sth.做没道理in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不是，决非,有道理；讲得通；有意义,即学即用 (1)你能听懂这个美国人在说些什么吗？ Can you what this American is saying? (2)那对我毫无意义。 Th
29、at just to me. (3)在一定意义上，学习法律就像学习一门语言。 ,learning the law is like learning a language. (4)没必要买那么贵的大衣，这些便宜的也很好。 Theres that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.,make sense of,makes no sense,In a sense,no sense in buying,10.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there
30、 was an outbreak. 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。 典例体验 I went to see her,she was reading books. 每次我去看她，她都在看书。 I see the old photo,I will think of my deskmate in the primary school. 每次看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。,Every time,Every time,归纳总结every time意为：“ ”，引导一个 从句，相当于 。（1）名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：every time,each time,any ti
31、me,the last time,next time,the first time,the moment,the second,the minute,the hour,the day等。（2）有些副词，如directly,instantly,immediately也可引导状语从句。,每当,时间状语,whenever,即学即用(1)我每次感冒背就痛。 I catch a cold,I have pains in my back. (2)我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。 I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous.(3)她一看到蛇就叫了起来。 She
32、let out a cry she saw the snake.(4)钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。 I left the clock struck 5,Every time,The first time,the moment,immediately,考题回扣【例1】Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumina(校友） from home and abroad. （江苏高考） A.AttendB.To
33、attend C.AttendingD.Having attended,解析 分析句子结构可知此句是一个倒装句，把它还原成正常语序应该是：Our alumina from home and abroad are the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.所以此题应该选C项attending作谓语动词的一部分。答案 C课文原文John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he Queen Victoria as her personal physician.,at
34、tended,【例2】Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. （上海高考） A.having heldB.to hold C.holdingD.hold 解析 suggest后面要接动名词作宾语，A项是动 名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前 的一个动作，由句意可知不合题意，故排除，因 此选C。 课文原文 The first that cholera multiplied in the air.,suggested,C,【例3】My friend show
35、ed me round the town, was very kind of him. （全国高考） A.whichB.that C.whereD.it 解析 句意为：我朋友领我参观了这座城镇，这 真是太好了。分析句子结构可知，此处用which引 导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。 课文原文 His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.,which,A,【例4】
36、Can those at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. （福建高考） A.seatB.sit C.seatedD.sat 解析 at the back of the classroom为分 词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词，可用sitting .作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用 或用be seated形式。这里seat与those构成逻辑 上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。,C,课文原文He found that it came from the riverby the dirty water from London
37、.,polluted,【例5】There were some chairs left over everyone had sat down. （四川高考） A.whenB.until C.thatD.where 解析 句意为：当大家都坐下时，还有些椅子剩 余。when引导时间状语从句；until也引导时间状 语从句，表示“直到”；that引导结果状语 从句，用于so.that.中；where引导地点状语 从句。 课文原文 But he became inspired he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.,whe
38、n,A,翻译重组的基本方法 一、合并法 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。如： 没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不能继续下去。 But for/Without agriculture,human could not exist,nor could social production continue.,写作技能,二、正译法和反译法 所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子
39、按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯，因此比较地道。 如：政府应致力于降低房价，让百姓买得起房。 正译：The government should make efforts to bring down the prices of houses so that people can afford them. 反译：The government should make efforts to bring down the prices of houses so that houses are available(to peop
40、le).,三、倒置法 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。 如：改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.,四、插入法 把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。 如：在某种程度上，成功源自自信，而成功也会增强自信。 To some extent,suc
41、cess results from selfconfidence while it also helps enhance selfconfidence.,即时练习请用以上翻译重组的技巧翻译下列句子1.他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。(正反译) 2.我们需要大量有丰富经验的志愿者。 3.我们觉得帮助他人是我们的职责。,He still could not understand me.(正译),Still he failed to understand me.(反译),We need a number of volunteers who have,rich experience.,We feel it our duty to help others.,4.不保护环境，我们就将没有干净的饮用水。5.我们可以通过经常锻炼和保持健康的饮食来强身健体。6.我想知道讲座是否有录音。如果有，我可以借吗？(插入法),If we do not protect the environment,we,
