1、Unit 3 Under the sea Period 3 Grammar & Writing 课件（人教新课标选修7，课标通用）,动词ing形式的被动语态 动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词ing形式的被动语态有一般时和完成时两种，即being done和having been done。动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语和宾语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。,一、意义1一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 That building being repaired is our library.
2、 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。 She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。,2完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Having been invited, Mr.Li went there to make a speech though he was busy. 被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。 I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago. 我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。,
3、功能主语Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。Being exposed to the sunlight is harmful to health.暴晒在太阳下对健康有害。,二、,1,宾语You cant eat anything before being operated on.在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。I forget once being taken to the sea when I was young. 我忘了小时候曾被带到海边。,2,【温馨提示】,The house wan
4、ts cleaning.这房屋需要打扫了！His method is worth trying.他的方法值得一试。,want(需要)，need，require用动名词的主动式表示被动时，也可改为用不定式的被动式表达同样的意义。This sentence needs improving. This sentence needs to be improved.这个句子需要改。My hair wants cutting. My hair wants to be cut.我的头发需要理了。,定语The meeting being held now is very important.现在正在召开的会议
5、非常重要。【温馨提示】动词ing形式的被动形式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经发生；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动的动作。a meeting being held now现在正在举行的会议a meeting held yesterday昨天举行的一个会议a meeting to be held tomorrow明天将会举行的会议,3,4宾补 He often watched the boats being unloaded. 他常常看到轮船卸货。5状语 Being asked to give a performance, she couldnt very well
6、refuse. 有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。,否定形式动词ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not。He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。,三、,四、动词ing形式被动式的复合结构 当动词ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可
7、用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)，其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动词ing形式是逻辑上的谓语。,I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。,【感悟高考】1China recently tightened its waters controls near
8、the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_in the South China Sea.(2012福建，28)AattackingBhaving attackedCbeing attackedDhaving been attacked解析句意：最近， 中国加强对黄岩岛附近水域的管控，以防止中国渔船在南海受到攻击。本题考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语Chinese fishing boats与非谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以排除A和B；根据句意可知，加强管控的目的是为了防止受到攻击而不是防止已经被攻击，所以排除D。故答案为C项。答案
9、C,2_to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(2012重庆，23)AHaving been askedBTo askCHaving askedDTo be asked解析句意：那天晚上我因被要求加班错过了一场好看的电影。考查非谓语动词作原因状语的用法。非谓语动词与主语I之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除B、C两项；不定式短语置于句首时通常表目的，故排除D项；having been asked在本句中作原因状语，故答案为A项。答案A,用所给动词的适当形式填空_(hold) his head high, he walked p
10、ast the pole and the soldiers as if they didnt exist.Do you mind Jams _(leave) alone at home?_ (cheat) many times, she now believes in nobody.Im sorry for _(finish) my task on time.She could not bear _(make) fun of like that.,being made,Holding,being left,Having been cheated,not finishing,【单项填空】Rain
11、forests_and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.Acut Bare cutCare being cut Dhad been cut解析考查被动语态的应用。根据题意，首先排除A项，因为本题中此处需用动词的被动语态形式；由从句的内容they will disappear from the earth in the near future可以判断，此处要用现在进行时的被动语态，表示现在正在发生着的动作对将来可能造成的影响；B项是一般现在时，它常用来表示一个通常的
12、情况，不强调时间性，故不符合该处语境；,D项是过去完成时，与将来没有任何联系，故不可能作为最佳答案。句意：雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和焚烧以至于在不久的将来它们会消失掉。 由于分不清一般现在时被动语态和现在进行时被动语态的区别会误选。答案C,I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told；washes Bhave been told；washesCwas told；washed Dhave been told；is washed解析考查动词时态和语态。动词wash，lock，sell，wear，
13、write，read，open，shut，clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态，要用主动形式表示被动意义，前一个空根据题意需用被动，故选B项。答案B,I still remember_ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be taken Ctaking Dbeing taken解析考查动词remember后作宾语的非谓语动词用法。句意：我仍然记得我被带去了法门寺，对于在那里的所见我仍然记忆犹新。remember to do sth记得要去做某事；remember doing sth记得已经做过某事。根据句
14、中“what I saw there”可知用动名词作宾语，又因I与take之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式，选D。答案D,Please stop to have a rest. You_ the washing machine the whole morning.Ahave repaired Bwere repairingChave been repaired Dhave been repairing解析句意：请停下来歇会吧。这台洗衣机你已经修了整整一上午了。说话者表示“从早晨到现在一直修理洗衣机，并强调此刻还在修理”，故用现在完成进行时。答案D,Why havent you accomp
15、lished your tasks yet? You _to finish them last Friday.Awere supposed Bare supposedCare supposing Dwere supposing解析句意：你为什么还没有完成任务？你应该在上周五完成。根据句意，可知该空表示“过去应该”，故用过去时，排除B、C两项；be supposed to do sth应该做某事，固定句型，故排除D项。答案A,应用文(一)电子邮件【写作任务】写一封电子邮件。【写作内容】假设你的英文名字为Jack，是英国诺丁汉大学的中国留学生。你负责为在该校就读的32名中国学生筹划圣诞节期间的苏格
16、兰之行，为期7天，请你给诺丁汉的STA(Students Travel Agency)经理Phil发一封电子邮件，联系有关事宜。,【写作要求】1要求包含以下细节：希望能够派车接送需要一名说标准英语并非常熟悉苏格兰的导游请求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅馆、费用等情况你的联系方式：电子邮件：J或者电话号码：077477450072注意：词数：100词左右；开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：旅馆住宿accommodation；旅行日程安排itinerary；长途客车coach,【写作分析】第一步：认真审题 一审体裁：本次写作要求写一封电子邮件，属于应用文写作范畴。二审格式： 电子邮件与英文书信
17、在格式上相差无几。三审结构：主要由称呼、正文和落款三部分构成。1明确收件人。不同的收件人，语气不同。写给朋友时可用一些俚语或缩写词语，但正式的邮件则须用规范用语。2用语应简洁清晰。语言应简洁，层次分明，详略得当，避免拖泥带水，含糊不清。,3问候语表达恰当。应根据与收件人的关系亲近与否来选择恰当的问候语。如果与收件人关系较为亲密，可直呼其名；若关系较为疏远或文体较正式，则应使用他们的姓氏作为问候语。4感谢收件人。如果此封邮件是对别人来函的回复，那么首先应该对别人的来信表示感谢。这样对方会感到比较舒服，而且显得比较礼貌。5表明意图。如果主动给别人发电子邮件，则应以此次写邮件的目的开头，例如，“I
18、am writing to enquire about. . . “或”I am writing in reference to.”。在开头澄清去函意图非常重要，不但使对方尽快明确你的主要目的，也更好地引出后文内容。,6结束语。在较正式的邮件中，末尾一般都会附上“Best regards”，“Sincerely”等客套用语，然后写上姓名，以示对对方的尊重和礼貌。,第二步：提炼要点1organize a trip to Scotland2a group of 32 Chinese students3go on a sevenday tour 4I would be very grateful i
19、f .5work out 6as well as7If you have any information, please .8. look forward to,第三步：扩点成句1Id like you to organize a trip to Scotland for us.2I have here a group of 32 Chinese students studying in Nottingham University, who want to go on a sevenday tour during the Christmas days. 3. I would be very g
20、rateful if you can work out an itinerary as soon as possible and tell me about our accommodation, meals as well as how much each of us has to pay.4If you have any information, please either email me to J .cn or call me at 07747745007.5Looking forward to your early reply.,【参考范文】Hi, Phil Id like you t
21、o organize a trip to Scotland for us. I have here a group of 32 Chinese students studying in Nottingham University, who want to go on a sevenday tour during the Christmas days. I hope we can have a coach which will take us to Scotland and then bring us back to Nottingham. We also need a guide who sp
22、eaks standard English and knows Scotland well.,I would be very grateful if you can work out an itinerary as soon as possible and tell me about our accommodation, meals as well as how much each of us has to pay. If you have any information, please either email me to J or call me at 07747745007. Looki
23、ng forward to your early reply.Yours truly，Jack,【亮点展示】本文要点齐全，语句通顺、流畅，结构严谨，层次分明，讲解清楚到位，能很好地用英语短语organize a trip to Scotland，a group of 32 Chinese students，go on a sevenday tour，work out，as well as等表达各项细节，体现了考生深厚的语言功底。文中定语从句who want to go on a sevenday tour during the Christmas days，which will take us
24、 to Scotland and then bring us back to Nottingham及固定句式I would be very grateful if .，If you have any information, please.等的应用合理到位，增添了文采。,【写作模板】1. Greeting message 祝福 Hope you have a good trip back. 祝旅途愉快。 How are you? 你好吗？ How is the project going on? 项目进行顺利吗？2. Initiate a meeting 发起会议 I suggest we .
25、 I would like to hold a meeting in the afternoon about . Wed like to have the meeting on . Lets make a meeting . I want to talk to you over the phone regarding .,3. Seeking for more information/feedbacks/suggestions 咨询信息/反馈/建议 Thank you and look forward to having your opinion on . Look forward to yo
26、ur suggestions soon. What is your opinion on . What do you think about this? Any question, please dont hesitate to let me know. Any question, please let me know. 有任何问题，欢迎和我们联系。,Please contact me if you have any questions.Please let me know if you have any question on this.有任何问题，欢迎和我联系。Your comments
27、and suggestions are welcome!欢迎您的评论和建议！Please let me know what you think?欢迎您的评论和建议！Do you have any idea about this?对于这个您有什么建议吗？,4. proposal 提议 I am proposing I suggest we can .5. thanks note 感谢信 Thank you so much for the cooperation! 感谢你的合作！ Thanks for the information. 谢谢您提供的信息！ I really appreciate the effort you all made for. Thanks for your attention！谢谢关心！,6apology 道歉 I sincerely apologize for . I apologize for.,
