1、確認需要,第 2 章,2010滄海書局,2,本章內容,2-1 確認需要2-2 選擇專案2-3 準備邀標書2-4 募集計劃書,2.1 確認需要,確認需要是要在專案生命週期一開始時就要做。其始於了解需求、問題或機會，結束於邀標書 (request for proposal, RFP) 的完成。,2010滄海書局,3,2.2 選擇專案,選擇專案 (project selection)，包含評估不同的需要或機會，以決定那一項專案要優先執行。其可能獲致的利益及後果、優點及缺點、增加或減少的每一個機會都要考慮及評估。,2010滄海書局,4,選擇專案,專案的選擇有下列步驟：發展一套準則(接受專案與否的標準)
2、以評估機會(p.34)列出假設(完成專案的前提，例如，資金，法令許可，股東同意，有相關技術。)對每個機會都收集資訊，以評估專案可行性。以準則來評估每一個機會,2010滄海書局,5,2.3 準備邀標書,當公司的專案須委外時，就必須招(邀)標。一般會刊報、在網頁公告、正式邀標書的指引(guideline)邀標書應提供工作說明工作說明 (statement of work, SOW) 中會論及專案範圍、任務概要、顧客想要廠商做的工作內容或專案團隊要執行的項目。邀標書必須包含有顧客的需求，即定義規格及屬性顧客需求 (customer requirements) 會涵蓋有規格大小、數量、顏色、重量、速度
3、及有關顧客建議解決方案操作上的變數。邀標書應該要寫清楚所交付給顧客的狀況廠商所交付 (deliverables) 的項目要在邀標書中載明。邀標書中要分項列明任何顧客支援(配合)的項目邀標書要載明執行前須獲得顧客的同意有些邀標書中會提及顧客打算要使用的合約樣式邀標書中要載明顧客想要的付款方式,2010滄海書局,6,準備邀標書,邀標書中須載明專案完成時程邀標書中應該要有格式化的廠商計畫書邀標書中要說明廠商提交計畫書的期限邀標書中應包括有評估標準評估標準 (evaluation criteria) 應包括下列項目：廠商執行類似專案的實績經驗 (experience with similar proj
4、ects)廠商所提供的技術方法 (technical approach)時程 (schedule)成本 (cost)為數極少的個案中，邀標書會說明顧客僅以有限經費來進行專案,2010滄海書局,7,2.4 募集計畫書,並不是所有的專案生命週期都要寫下邀標書及募集計畫書(招標)。,2010滄海書局,8,.,Case study 21How should Jennifer go about making her decision?She has identified an opportunity. She has $2,000,000 of unexpected profits that she w
5、ould like reinvest in the company. In this case, she is soliciting proposals from her internal managers. She should state comprehensively, and in detail, what she expects in the proposals including several of those items discussed in this chapter (due date for proposals, format required, evaluation
6、criteria to be used, etc.). In this case, the RFP may or may not be in written form. She should then evaluate each proposal submitted based on the stated criteria.2.What kind of additional data or information should she collect?Among other things, information on cost and benefits should be collected
7、. Costs should include one-time and on-going expenses. Additional data such as specific tasks and timeframes is also needed. 3.What exactly should Jennifer require the others to submit in the way of proposals?Each proposal should include the cost and anticipated benefits of the project. At a minimum
8、, it should also include the tasks to be performed, the resources used, and a schedule.4.What do you think Jennifer should do with the $2,000,000? In explaining your answer, address the concerns and positions of Julie, Tyler, Jeff, and Joe.At this point it is too early to tell. Jennifer must evaluate each of the proposals based on the established criteria and then select the proposal or proposals that provide the greatest benefit to the company.,
