1、Section 16 短文改错解题技巧一、分清错误的类型，对症下药1缺词短文改错中所缺的词常常是冠词、介词、代词等虚词，它通常与词的搭配相关，比如：见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠词；见到动词，可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词；见到某些固定表达，如 in fact，as soon as 等，应考虑是否完整；还有某些短语加冠词与不加冠词意义不同，如 in front of，in the front of；某些短语加介词与不加介词用法不同，如：as a result，as a result of。高考常考点具体如下表所示：命题角度 考查点 解题思路名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词动词 介词或代词不
2、及物动词后是否缺介词，及物动词后是否缺少代词不定式不定式符号to不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的不定式符号 to被动语态 助动词 be 被动语态中是否缺少了助动词 be固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达法中是否漏了不可缺少的词典型例题：In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.答案及分析：在 as 后加 a。car 是可数名词，此处表示“有一辆汽车冲了过来” ，表泛指，故要用 a。For example，how many times ha
3、ve you walked out of a room and left the lights or television when no one else was there?答案及分析：在 television 后面加 on。句意：例如，当那里没人的时候，有多少次你让电灯或电视开着就离开了房间？leave.on 表示“让开着” 。There was one in particular Id always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking.答案及分析：在 put 后加 it。及物动词 put 后缺少宾语，代替“我特别想要的那个
4、玩具”要用it。2多词短文改错中多余的词常常是虚词，如冠词、介词、代词、副词、连词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词、副词或其他词；另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其他词。高考常考点具体如下表所示：命题角度 考查点 解题思路名词 冠词抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词表泛指是否多了冠词动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词不定式不定式符号to不定式是否多了应该省略的不定式符号 to时间或地点状语介词 时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词形容词、副词比较结构形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了 more 或most固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达中是否画蛇添足典型例题
5、：Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.答案及分析：把 last 前的 to 去掉。make 表示“使，让” ，后面接宾语补足语时，用省略 to 的不定式，构成 make sb do sth 结构。Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.答案及分析：把 great 前的 a 去掉或者把 efforts 改为 e
6、ffort。固定表达 make an effort 或者make efforts 表示“努力” 。I guessed， even at that age，I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again；I would always know Id done something wrong.答案及分析：把 enjoy 后的 to 去掉。固定表达 enjoy doing.表示“喜欢做某事” 。3错词错词是短文改错题中最主要的错误类型，错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误，实词用法错误
7、，同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注，对于平时常常疏忽、易出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。高考常考点具体见前面的第二部分短文改错错误类型分析。二、保持原意的原则做题时应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能随便改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系，只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑关系错误进行改正，且小改不能大改。换词不能改意，加词不能增意，去词不能减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其善者而从之。典型例题：The more friends we have，the more we can
8、learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.答案及分析：将 for 改为 from。固定表达 learn from sb 向某人学习，符合语境。也有同学把for 改为 about，learn about 了解的有关情况，但改变了原意，作者想说的是“相互学习” ，而不是“相互了解情况” 。They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way home.答案及分析：将 They 改为 We。根据语篇和后面的 our own way 和
9、句意可知，这里指的是“我们” 。也有同学把 our 改为 their，但改变了原意，整篇文章叙述用的是第一人称，如果改成 their 就与语篇的人称不相符。A(2016全国) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some People even had to wait outside.My
10、uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.B(2016全国) The summer holiday i
11、s coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your
12、 view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.C(2016全国) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best
13、and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didnt seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time ，I ever felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I show
14、ed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.D(2016四川高考) It is Mothers Day today.Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a fulltime job，so she h
15、as to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in k
16、itchen.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritest.At dinner，we said to her ， “Happy Mothers Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.E(2016浙江高考) When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，wed greet her at t
17、he door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening
18、 to be up there!My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.A(2015全国) When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the devel
19、opment of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fai
20、l to do so，well live to regret it.B(2015全国) One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parent
21、s were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said， “How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.C(2015浙江高考) My old classroom wa
22、s interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the lefthand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also s
23、plendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with i
24、ts view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.D(2015陕西高考) My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world， so I decide to ask he
25、r for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them a
26、nd joked， “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!E(2015四川高考)Hi, Janice，Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the pr
27、oblems I have been experiencing.As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a timewasting activity!
28、 In fact，I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?Please help with me and give me some advice.GraceF(2014新课标全国) Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry toma
29、toes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then for all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plan
30、ts to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!G(2014新课标全国卷) My dream school starts at 8：30 am.and ends at 3：30 pm.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to
31、do so many homework.Therefore，we have more time with afterschool activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on th
32、e grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.H(2014浙江高考) I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.Before long，a train inspect
33、or comes to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.No one i
34、n the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.I(2014四川高考) Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk with what you should
35、 do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Dont panic or get out of line，and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If its a false alarm
36、and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt，tell your teacher immediately.J(2014陕西高考) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.My uncles all come a
37、long with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey were lo
38、oked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!K(2014辽宁高考)Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors，were hoping to settle something that bot
39、hers to us.In a word，your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of si
40、x hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely，Jack and RoseA(2016山东日照市高三第一次模拟)Dear Sir/Madam，I am w
41、riting to express a complaint about the Metropolitan Museum.I am visiting the museum from 2：00 to 5： 00 on yesterday afternoon.I would have enjoyed a perfect afternoon unless it had not been for an unfortunate incident.I was in the Chinese Painting Section with its beautiful display of world famous
42、works while suddenly I was astonished to smell cigarette smoke.I turned back and saw a young man smoke.I looked after an attendant but none.You will agree that there should an attendant in every room and that the nosmoking rule should be firm carried out.I look forward to receive your reply at your
43、convenient and hope for the solution to the matter.Yours truly，JohnsonB(2016广东揭阳一中、潮州金山中学高三下第一次联考)It is reported that thirty cellphones taken away by teachers during the examination and were smashed(粉粹) in front of students and parents at a high school.As to this，we hold a heated discussion the othe
44、r day.There are two different viewpoints about them.Some think it necessarily.Firstly，with cellphones， students would have focused their attention on studying instead of wasting their precious time reading junk message.Secondly，the examination will be fair if no one cheats by using cellphones.Howeve
45、r，the others dont think so.For one thing，at the age of information，cellphones have become a necessity.For another，students can use cellphones for study.Personal speaking，even if some students use cellphones for no good reason，we should educate them more than destroy cellphones in such an extreme way
46、.C(2016广西桂林、崇左市高三 4 月联考)Never shall I forget the first English lesson giving by Miss Liu.One Monday morning，when she entered in the classroom，we found that she was a young and beautiful lady.Then she introduced herself and said I shouldnt call her Teacher Liu but Miss Liu.Late，she let us go to the b
47、lackboard and said something about ourselves in English in turns.When it was my turn，I felt too shy that I didnt dare to say anything before class.She went up to me and said kind， “Dont be afraid.I believe you can do it well.” At last，I went to the blackboard.She praised me for that I had done.D(201
48、6宁夏银川九中高三第二次模拟)Trying to come to a decision complete on your own can be risky.Some decisions are very important that they shouldnt be made without talking to others first.There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.For one thing，they can give you valuable advices and they may
49、point out some things you may have been overlooked.For another，friends may stop you make big mistakes.When consulting others about important decisions，you should keep two things of mind.The first one is that you need to find someone whom you respect enough to trust their judgment.The second thing to consider is how to do if you disagree with this person.Maybe turning to a third or fourth person for help is a good choice.In word， making any big decision alone can lead to problems.Talking to friends or fa
