1、1短文改错做题技巧一、 教学目的：使学生掌握改错命题的特点和规律，从而有效的正对性地进行复习。二、 教学重点：改错中常出的几种题型。难点：各个知识点的迁移能力的培养。三、 教学目标：使大多数学生有信心获得 6 分以上。四、 实现途径：把握命题规律，进行针对性训练。短文改错必备口诀：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；正视冠词和代词，逻辑错误须关注。（1）短文改错的做题步骤。In my opinion, we should follow the rule:P-S-W-L when we do the passage correction. Whats the “P-S-W
2、-L?”P means Passage. We should try to understand the main idea of the passage.S means Sentence. We should try to find out the mistakes in or between sentences.W means Word. We should try to find out the misused words in the sentence. L means Logic. We should pay attention to the logical mistakes if
3、there were no mistakes in words, sentences.Dear Mr. Brown ,I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1._Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2._English. My pronunciation was terriblely. I could 3._only speak a few words. But one and a half year later, 4. _I now think English fun t
4、o learn. I got a lot from your 5. _encouraging words. I will always remember what you 6. _said , “If you try to, you can be No 1!” I hope youve 7. _had pleasant journey home and will come to China 8. _again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9. _and send you the photos we take together. 10.
5、 _二短文改错的考点。（一）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。1.列举词法的例句：2动词： I begun to learn English at the age of ten. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school.(2011 年高考题全国卷) 名词： We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （
6、全国卷）We climb everywhere ， not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. （全国卷）代词： David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. （去掉 it，因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复） （全国卷） Then he ate it all，by himself. He never helped other. （other 改为 others，others 泛指“其他人”） （北京春季卷）非谓
7、语动词： David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （wanted 后加 to，因为 want 后要接不定式） （全国卷） Modern people know more about health，have better food，and to live in clearer surroundings. （去掉 live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know，have 并列） （全国卷）短语动词： Sure theyll laugh to me to do thi
8、ngs as well as them. to-at Instend of helping him standing up, Li Ping shouted at the old man angrily. 答案：standingstand. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事。形容词与副词： After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. （frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕） （全国卷） Unfortunate， there are too many people i
9、n my family. （Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语） （全国卷）介词误用： Bill insisted in staying near the car. （in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配） （全国卷） When they came down the police were angry to them. （to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用 be angry with sb ） （全国卷）（二）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。
10、2. 列举句法的例句Bill was standing at the side of the car， talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. （was 改为 were，因先行词 two men 是复数，所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数） （全国卷）They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. 【说明】根据句子的意思将 after 改为 before，表示“他们坐汽车去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火车先
11、到了成都”。 Its different from how people think. 【说明】将 how 改为 what，what people think 是一个宾语从句，疑问代词 what 在从句中充当宾语，有“的”之意。The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their(1996.90)3（三）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。口诀：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；正视冠词和代词，逻辑错误须关注。巩固练习：At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1. _fat
12、her to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2. _a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! 3. _They put them in the corner of the sitting 4. _room. Jim was covered it with a lot of 5. _Christmas light. The sitting room looked 6. _really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. _a fire burning in
13、 the fire place, but the Christmas 8. _tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his 9. _parents singing and dancing happily. 10. _Reading English newspapers are my favorite activity. When 76._I entered into high school, I began to enjoy doing such work. 77._Under the teachers help, I realize that
14、 reading English articles is 78._of great important. Its a good way to improve my English. 79._Ive learned more new words and expression by doing so. I 80._also get much information, included news about China and the 81._world outside. It opens my eyes widely. Which I love most is 82._the section ab
15、out TV programs in the coming week. I dislike 83._reading long articles there are many new words. I will work 84._hard to keep on even as its a particularly hard task for me. 85._4Read English newspapers is my favorite activity. When 1._ I entered high school, I begun to enjoy doing such work. 2._Wi
16、th the teachers help, I realised that reading English article is 3._of great importance. Its the good way to improve my English. 4._Ive learned more new words and expressions in doing so. I 5._also get much informations,including news about China and the 6._ world outside. It opens my eyes wide. Wha
17、t I love most is 7._the section about TV programs in the coming week. I like 8._read long articles because there are many new words.I will work 9._hard to keep on as though its a particularly hard task for me. 10._ 一几种常见错误。1) 名词:A. they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get goo
18、d marks in all my subject. (2001)B. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(2002)C. Their word were a great encouragement to me .(2003)D. Sometimes, we talk to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.(2004)E. There are advantage f
19、or students to work while studying at school.(2005)F. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数 .改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.2) 代词:A. It was almost noon that we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(2002)B. Soon I began to enjoy t
20、alking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .(2003)C. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .(2003)D. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.(2005)E. (03)I was learning to express me in simple English. F. (06) I just smiled t
21、o me and thought, “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。 改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。3) 动词时态:A. I remembered her words and calm down.(2000)B. The time passes quickly.(2002)pastC. She liked it very much and reads it to the class .(2003)now5D. Sometimes, we talked to each
22、other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.(2004)nowE. One of them was that they can earn money.(2005)F. (05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. G. (06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago. 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。
23、每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。4) 形容词、副词A. I would describe myself as shy and quietly.2004B. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. C. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.D. (05) So what I lear
24、ned from the job was much more important as what I earned. E. (05) My pronunciation was terribly . (06) They came back lately and had some tea. 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据 adj.或 adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。5) 冠词A. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teac
25、her in the crowd.2000B. We may be one family and live under a same roof.2001C. Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.2002D. (05)I hope youve had pleasant journey home 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词 a 和 an互改；2）不定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。6) andbutor
26、 误用及前后不一致A. She was smiling but nodding at me.2000B. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.2001C. The food was expensive and the service was good.2002D. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.2002E. She liked it very much and reads it to t
27、he class2003F. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work.2004命题特点及改正方法：主要考查 and、or、but、so 等并列连词的误用。1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误7) 介词A. we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.B. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. C. The ma
28、in problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. D. Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.E. (05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.6F. (06) He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习
29、惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如 talk , serve, wait 等。8) 从句连词A. What things are in other homes, I wonder.B. (02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.C. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.D. (04) I dont know that they dont
30、like to talk with me.E. (05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.F. (06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。9) 非谓语动
31、词A. My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.B. We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.C. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.D. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. E.
32、 (05) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. 命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。二应试技巧点拨（1）整体把握短文大意。 （2）逐句分析，把握结构。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 （4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。2006 高考题：An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the seabetween
33、France and England in the balloon in 1784.High 76. a Over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. The 77.discoveredhole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the 78.keeping Balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 79. coming up. The two men threw all their equipment into 80.down
34、 7The water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 81.lighter Higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 82.But Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to 83.their Save themselves. The crowd waiting for to greet them in 84.for England was very surprised see this when the balloon 85.to Landed in front of them.五、 课后训练： 对所做短文改错练习进行归纳分类。 分类进行单句改错的练习。 认真对待书面表达当中出现的错误。 课后练习应听从老师的要求。76.are 改为 is 77.into 去掉 78.under 改为 with 79.important 改为 importance 80.expression 改为expressions 81.included 改为 including 82.Which 改为 What 83.正确 84.there 前加 where 85.as 改为 if或 though
