1、动词的时态和语态,高三英语语法复习二,动词主动态形式：(以write为例),动词主动态形式：(以write为例),动词主动态形式：(以write为例),动词主动态形式：(以write为例),动词主动态形式：(以write为例),一般过去时：,We didnt have any land at that time. 过去某一特定时间所发生的事 Lu Xun was a great writer.已故之人的行为 It was a pity that you didnt go to the lecture.从实际语境中可以判断是过去发生的 常用时间状语：yesterday(morning), las
2、t(night), (a week)ago, that(day), the day before yesterday, the year before last, in the past, the other day, just now, this morning,过去进行时,What were you doing from six to eight yesterday evening?表示过去的某个时间点或时间段内正在发生的动作 We were cleaning the house when they arrived.从上下文的语境进行判断,将来进行时,This time next week
3、 we will be working in that factory.表示将来的某个时间点或时间段正在发生的动作。,一般现在时,Lights travels faster than sounds.客观真理 He loves sports.事实描述 They walk to work every day.经常性的动作 Tell her the good news when she comes.祈使句；主将从现的从句 常用时间状语：every (day), usually, often, sometimes, seldom, once a day,现在进行时：,Look! A woman wit
4、h two children is coming up to us. He is playing football now.表示现在正在做的动作。 常用时间状语：now, at the moment, at present, always, all the time 常见标志词：look, listen,注意！,The girl is always asking the same question.进行时和always, all the time连用，表示说话人抱怨或赞叹的情绪，带感情色彩。 She is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow morning.表示来往动作的
5、动词可用进行时表示将要发生的动作。eg: come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly,注意！,表示“感官，心理活动，状态，从属”的动词不用进行时。 感官：sound, smell, taste, feel, look, see, hear, notice, appear, seem 心理活动：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive, understand, know, realize, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember 状态：be, exis
6、t, remain, stay, obtain, gain, get 从属：have, possess, own, contain, belong to, consist of,一般将来时：,I will/shall arrive tomorrow.将来某个时间点要做的事I will let you know when I finish.主将从现的主句Hurry up, or you will be late.祈使句后面跟的并列句常用时间状语：tomorrow(morning), next(year), in(a week), the day after tomorrow, in the fu
7、ture, in a minute, before long, at once, soon, right away, right now, right off, presently,注意!,will do/shall do将要发生的动作或状态。 be going to do打算；自然现象表明。 be to do按计划必须要做的事。 be about to do刚要做某件事。,现在完成时：,The city has taken on a new look. How many pages have you covered?到现在为止已发生的动作。 常用时间状语：already, yet, neve
8、r, ever, since, for(some time), recently, lately, so far, by now, up till now, to this day, in the past 10 years, for the last few days, before,注意! 瞬间动词不能和for (some time) 连用：,become-die-leave-return-marry-get up-borrow-join the army-,be be dead be away be back be married be up keep serve in the army
9、,现在完成进行时,I have been writing letters all the morning.表示过去某一时刻开始的动作且状态一直延续到现在。 常用时间状语：all the morning, all day long, all night long, all the year round.,过去完成时：,When we got to the station, the train had left. The task was much harder than we had expected.以过去某个时间点作参照，在这之前已发生的动作。（过去的过去）,过去将来时：,She felt
10、sorry and said she would make an apology to you. Without your help, I wouldnt succeed now. 以过去某个时间点作参照，将来要做的动作。常用于间接引语和虚拟句中。,有固定时态用法的几种情况：,by the end of/by the time 后跟过去时间，主句过去完成时。 by the end of/by the time 后跟将来时间或一般现在时，主句将来完成时。 Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan 主句过去完成时，从句一般过去时。 hope, expect, inten
11、d, mean, want, plan 用过去完成时表示没有实现的愿望，打算或意图。例：I had hoped that I could pass the driving test, but I failed again. It is the first/second/third time that+现在完成时 It was the first/second/third time that+过去完成时,It is (high) time that+did/should do would rather (that) sb+did/had done 过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的
12、愿望 have/has donesincedid主句现在完成时, 从句过去时 It is/has been +一段时间sincedid从句过去时 It will be +一段时间beforedo/does从句现在时 It was +一段时间beforedid从句过去时,有固定时态用法的几种情况：,容易混淆时态的区别：,现在完成时与一般过去时The restaurant has been closed down.The restaurant was closed down yesterday. 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，一般过去时发生的动作与现在没有联系。,现在完成进行时与现在完
13、成时,They have been repairing cars. 他们一直在修汽车。They have repaired several cars. 他们已修了几辆汽车。 现在完成进行时强调动作的不间断性，当与for +some time连用时可以与现在完成时互换使用。,动词被动态形式,动词被动态形式,动词被动态形式,动词被动态形式,1.(人们)普遍认为2.据说 3.据报道 4.众所周知5.必须指出,It is generally believed that,It is generally considered that,It is universally acknowledged that
14、 It is said thatIt is reported that It is well known thatIt must be pointed out that,汉语句子没有明确主语时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示,不同形式的被动语态的转换,1. 含有直宾和间宾的句子 He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dres
15、s was made for me by aunt.,2. 含有复合宾语的句子 They call her Mary. She is called Mary. He left the door open. The door was left open by him. My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young. 注意：make, have, hear, watch, see, feel
16、, notice等动词变为被动，必须还原to,3. 情态动词的被动语态 They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired.,4. 短语动词的被动语态 They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-b
17、rigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here. A new public school will be set up here.,主动形式表被动含义,1. The door wont open.The pen writes smoothly.This set of books sells well. 表示主语的性质时，必须用主动态2. 不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义 3. need, want, require doing=need, want, require to be don
18、e 4. deserve doing=deserve to be done 5. be worth doing 主动形式表被动含义,不用被动的情况,1. 谓语动词为不及物动词或短语时，无被动。例：benefit, cost, last, lack, fail, happen, occur, take place, belong to, break out, consist of, come true, go/come/get/run构成的词组，以及表示“感官，心理活动，状态，从属”的动词等等。,强调人为因素时才用被动语态的动词：,change, develop, hang, improve, prove, openThe theory proved to be true.The theory was proved by the scientist.,
