1、, 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。命题思路有三种： 一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择； 二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断； 三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。, 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真
2、研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。,一般现在时表示经常反复发生的习惯性行为动作或所处的状态。常见时间状语有：often，usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never等。 一般现在时主要用法有：,1表达经常反复发生的习惯性动作； 2表达一般事理或客观真理； 3表达机场，车站，码头等的日程表安
3、排； 4在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表将来； 5在here，there等引起的倒装句中表进行； 6在戏剧，电影说明文字中常用一般现在时。,一般现在时,Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid“Life is like walking in the snow“, Granny used to say, “because every step ”A. has shown B. is
4、showingC. shows D. showed Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year.A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made,Look at the pride on Toms face. He_to have been praised by the manager just now. A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming My parents _ in Hong Kong. They we
5、re born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live According to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his charities live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes Where did you put the keys of the car? Oh, I _I put t
6、hem on the chair because the phone rang as I_in. A.remembered;come B.remembered;was coming C.remember;come D.remember;was coming,This machine_.It hasnt worked for years. A.didnt work B.wasnt working C.doesnt work D.isnt working Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026_off at 18:20. A.takes B.took
7、C.will be taken D.has taken What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ quite early, so we_ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently
8、Ive been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done,Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called My brother _ football quite well, but he hasnt played since l
9、ast year.A. will play B. has played C. played D. plays Do you regret having left your first job? - Why should I? I _ as much, but I enjoy more of it. Adidnt earn Bdont earn Chadnt earned Dhavent earned,现在进行时一般表达说话时间或现阶段正在发生的动作，常见时间状语有now，at the moment，at present。主要用法有： 1表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作； 2表示现阶段正在进行的
10、动作(说话时不一定正在进行); 3表将来。用进行时表将来的动词通常为短暂性动作或表示位置转移的动词用进行时，如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等；,4表示按既定计划，不轻易更改的安排； 5常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用，表达说话人或褒或贬的感情，如赞扬，敬佩，羡慕，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。 6表示渐变动词，如become, turn, get, grow, run, go, begin用于进行时态表示一个逐渐变化的过程。,进行时,27. Food supplies in the flood-s
11、tricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I _ a text message just now. A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 一 When did the computer crash? 一 T
12、his morning, while I the reading materials downloaded from some websites. A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted,I hear you _in a pub. whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working I did
13、nt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _ . A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing,Professor Williams keeps telling hi
14、s students that the future _to the well-educated. A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged Have you got any job offers? No.I_. A.waited B.had been waiting C.have waited D.am waiting Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane_. A.takes off B.is taking offC.has
15、taken off D.took off Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish,Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down
16、Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying Mum, where is my raincoat? Oh, I forgot to tell youIt _ behind the kitchen door Awould hang Bhas hung Cis hanging Dhung,相同：一般过去时与现在完成时的动作均发生在过去。 不同：现
17、在完成时强调的是该动作或状态带来的结果对现在的影响，而一般过去时强调的是过去发生了某一动作或有某种状态这样一个事实，其结果不影响到现在。在使用时间状语方面，有具体过去时间，则用一般过去时，短暂性动作不能用于含有一段时间的完成时。,一般过去式和现在完成时,-Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaning Bwas cleaning Chas cleaned Dhad cleaned If you dont like the drink you _ just leave it and try a dif
18、ferent one.A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he _? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave,一When s
19、hall we restart our business? 一Not until we_our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known - Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _know. I _go and visit her.
20、A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will,Ive got to go now. Must you ?I _you could stay for dinner with us. A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. Oh, nothing much.In fact, I_of my friends back home. A. have just though
21、t B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, dont mention it. I_past your house anyway. A.was coming B.will come C.had come D.have come Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I_a newspaper. A.read B.was
22、readingC.would read D.am reading,You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened This is the
23、 first time went_ a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place. A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing,I got caught in the rain and my suit_. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has b
24、een ruined D. had been ruined Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying My friend, who_on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A.served B.is
25、 servingC.had served D.has served My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He_there for a few months and then went to America. A.worked B.would work C.would be working D.has been working, If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A.
26、is B. was C. would be D. has been Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. ha
27、s done C. was doing D. had done,现在完成进行时,Tom _in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. we
28、re coming D. have been coming Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian. A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone,why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. h
29、ave painted D. have been painting Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shoppedC. had shopped D. have been shopping Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming. A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing
30、 D. is decreasing,过去完成时的基本含义表示在过去某一参照时间或动作之前动作已经发生或到过去某一参照时间或动作为止动作或状态已经持续一段时间。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某动作已发生或某状态已经存在。体会 “过去的过去”或“从过去到过去”是理解过去完成时的关键。具体时间状语有：by过去时间或before过去时间。,过去完成时,She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything! A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eat
31、en D. have been eating What a mistake! Yes. I _his doing it another way, but without success. A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation? We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were
32、B. have been C. had been D. will be,She stared at the painting ,wondering where she _ it. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen he hotel wasnt particularly good, but I_in many worse hotels. A. was staying B. stayedC. would stay D. had stayed hey became friends again that day. Until then, they _to e
33、ach other for nearly two years. A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He_his old friends for a long time. A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D. hadnt seen,一般将来时表达说话时间为起点将要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时的表达方式较多：主
34、语will/shall do; 主语be going to do; 主语be to do; 主语be about to do; 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中一般式表将来；短暂性/位移动作动词/既定计划进行时表将来。一般将来时的时间状语为所有表示将来的点时间(如 in 2050)或段时间(如 between 2050 and 2080)。,将来时态,Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing
35、 I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five? A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying By the time you ha
36、ve finished this book, your meal _ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting,On her next birthday, Ann _married for twenty years. A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. A. saves B .saved C. will save D.
37、 will have saved Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You_a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced When he_the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. ope
38、ned C. had opened D. was to open,Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A.had to B.didnt C.was going to D.wouldnt I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for
39、 dinner. A.come B.comes C.has come D.will come Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call As a young man，he didnt know that he famous later onAwas to become Bwill become Chad become Dbecame,表达句子主语与谓语动词逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系的谓语动词形式
40、叫动词的语态，其中主谓关系是主动语态，动宾关系是被动语态。动词的语态是动词的属性之一。,1半连系动词主动表被动：look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等； 2当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。它们常与cant, wont等连用；,3. 在一般现在时的句子中，为表达生动，简洁， read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook，burn, draw, cut, wear等词常与well, easily, quickly 等副词连用，常用主动表
41、被动，表示事物的属性特征； 4表示开始和结束的动词begin, start, finish, end可用主动表被动，不强调动作的执行者。,语态,Dont worrry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got pai
42、d C. have paid D. had been paid They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt,After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it . A. was decorated B. had decorated C
43、. had been decorating D. was being decorated In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to b
44、e made D. had made,The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored Youve failed to do what you _to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D.
45、 were expected In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r”sounds at the end of the words_. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped,The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remainin
46、g D. has been remained Do you have any problems if you _this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered With the help of high technology, more and more new substances_in the past years. A. discovered B.have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement_. A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached,
