1、一、时态 1. 一般现在时 (1)表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象,表示习惯性，经常性的动作,或经常存在的状态.常见的时间状语有: often，usually， always，sometimes，now and then等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，从西边落下。We have meals three times a day.,(09天津)My parents in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A.live
2、 B.livedC.were living D.will live,句意：我的父母住在香港。他们在那里出生而且从未在别的地方生活过。根据句意可推断出：我的父母现在仍住在香港。,A,(2)用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。If you work hard，you will succeed next year. 如果你努力，明年你就会成功。What are you going to be when you grow up？ 你长大后干什么？ (3)表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。There goes the bell.铃响了。,2.一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在
3、的状态。常常给出去的时间状语，如yesterday，last night，at that time等。,(09全国) Edward，you play so well. But I_you played the piano. A.didnt know B.hadnt known C.dont know D.havent known,句意：爱德华，你弹得这么好。但是我不知道你会弹钢琴。根据句意，应该是指我过去不知道你会弹钢琴，,A,(09北京)When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we
4、 up，her voice had been full of life. A.were hanging B.had hung C.hung D.would hang,C,句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。根据题干提示，her voice had been full of life为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去，故选C。,3.一般将来时 (1) be going to动词原形表示打算、计划、准备要做某事。Im going to learn Japanese next year. (2) beto do表示拟定或计划中将发生的行
5、为或按职责、义务必须去做的事情。 The meeting is to be held at 900 a.m.You are to hand in your homework this afternoon.,(3) “be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语。 I am about to go to bed when the telephone rings. (4)用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为，只限少数动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin,arrive，return等。,The train leaves the s
6、tation at 715 a.m Mr.Wang is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow.,be going to和will均可表示“意图”；但事先考虑过的意 图用be going to，不是事先考虑的意图即临时决定用will。Im going to Qingdao this weekend. 这个周末我要去青岛。 Sorry，I forgot to buy the book you need. It doesnt matter.I will go myself.,4.过去将来时 表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作。 He said he would never
7、 come back again.,(2010) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made,C,they were to make a fortune,5.现在进行时 is/am/are+现在分词 (1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段，但不一 定是讲话时发生着的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go, come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。 He is teachi
8、ng English and learning Chinese.,(08高考)Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much. A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D.will damage,B,(2)表示反复出现或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾 等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly,frequently等连用。He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。He is alw
9、ays making the same mistake. 他总是犯同一样的错误。,6.过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 (1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。He was watching TV at 9 oclock last night.昨晚9点钟他正在看电视。,(08湖南) I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through . Her brother on the phone all the time！ A. was talking B. has been tal
10、king C. has talked D.talked,A,进行时可以表示一种感情色彩，此处有埋怨的意思。,(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when 或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行 时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进屋来。The reporter said that the UFO was travel
11、ing east to west when he saw it.那记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正 在自东向西飞行。,7.现在完成时 have/has+过去分词 (1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。通常与下列状语连用，如yet，just，before，lately，often，never，now，today等，但不能同 特定的过去时间状语连用(in 1993，last year等)。I have forgotten his telephone number. 我忘记他的电话号码了。,(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能继续延续下去的动作。常同
12、表示一段时间的状语连用，如 so far，up to now，since，for the past (last) few years等。He has worked here for over twenty years. Up to now，we have received no news from her. 直到现在，我们还没收到她的消息。,(09全国)Progress so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.A. was B. had beenC. has been D. will be,
13、句意：到目前为止，一切进展良好，我们确信工作能够按时完成。so far(by now)提示要用现在完成时态。,C,(3)This/It is the first/second timethat从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。This is the first time I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。 (4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲自看到，我才会相信你的话。(强调“看完”),I will go wi
14、th you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”)(10全国)When you are home , give a call to let me know you _safely.A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive,B,8.过去完成时 had+过去分词 (1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by，before， until，when等词引导时间状语。By the end of la
15、st year，we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.,(2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours. 他工作了12个小时才睡觉。,(3)常用于下列情况 This/It is the first/second. timethat从句。that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。 It w
16、as the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误。,intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算做而实际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想意图或希望,含有某种惋惜。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.,I had meant to help you
17、，but I was too busy at the moment.我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。,Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.。when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。 Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the
18、 car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚动身，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。,9.将来完成时will/be going to+have+过去分词将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为：by将来的某个时间。By the end of this term ，all of you will have become college students.,二、语态 1.get过去分词表被动They got married last week.He fell and got hurt.他摔倒受伤了。 2.主动形式表被动意义 (1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell
19、，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等形容词/名词。Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉。His plan proved (to be) practical.他的计划被证明符合实际。,(2)表示开始、结束、运动的词：begin，finish，start ,open,close，stop，shut等。Class begins！开始上课！Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 今天上午七点开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 每天下午6点关店门。,(3)表示主语的某种属性的词：read
20、，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook， lock，look，shut等。The books sell well.这些书畅销。The door wont lock.门锁不上。 This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。 The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。The pen writes smoothly.这只钢笔写起来流利。,(09四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time？ The bridge to it . A. has repaired B.is repaired C. is being repaired D.will be repaired,句意： 为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？ 因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态。,C,Thank you,
