1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8 (通用本),Cloning,Unit 2,Section Warming up; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 2,.词汇过关1音意记忆。(1)_(vt.)着手；从事；承担(2)_(n.)突破(3)_(n.)程序；步骤；手续(4)_(adv.)总共；完全地(5)_(vt.)获得；赢得,undertake,breakthrough,procedure,altogether,obtain,2形意记忆。(1)differ(vi.)不同；相异_(adj.)不同的；相异的_(n.)差异(2
2、)object(vi.)反对；不赞成_(n.)不赞成；反对；异议(3)medium(n.)媒介；手段；工具_(复数)(4)forbid(vt.)禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍过去式_过去分词_(5)accumulate(vt.& vi.)积累；聚积_(n.)积累,different,difference,objection,media,forbade/forbad,forbidden,accumulation,.短语自查1pay_得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2cast_使失望；使沮丧3object_反对；不赞成4in_of赞成；支持5be ready_为做好准备6_the one hand一方面7be_
3、to对适宜8have a great impact_对有很大影响9_ones own属于某人自己的10provide._.为提供,off,down,to,favour,for,on,appropriate,on,of,for,.经典句式1Then came the disturbing news _.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。2Altogether Dolly lived six and half years, _.多莉总共只存活了六年半，这是它的原形羊寿命的一半。3Cloning plants is straightforward _ cloning animals is very com
4、plicated.克隆植物简单、直接而克隆动物都是很复杂的。答案：1.that Dolly had become seriously ill2.half the length of the life of the original sheep3.while,.语篇理解Choose the best answers according to the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?1Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text?ACloni
5、ng is something that has been developed quite recently.BTwins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.CCloning is used by gardeners to make more money.DAnimal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.,2The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because_.Aits easier to clon
6、e a sheep than other animalsBthe scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceCthe scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyDmany other attempts to clone mammals failed,3What happened to Dolly the sheep?AShe is living healthily.BDolly became ill and died at last.CDollys child also di
7、ed at the age of six.DAll the scientists were not sad about her death.4From the passage, we can see_.ADollys original sheep lived 12 yearsBDollys baby was also a cloned oneCnewspapers did not disclose cloning sheepDofficials became nervous about cloning答案：14ABBD,1.differ vi.不同；相异；持不同看法Our views on t
8、he subject differ.我们对这个问题见解不同。Her method doesnt differ much from mine.她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。They differ with each other on moral standards.关于道德标准，他们的见解不同。,知识拓展different adj.不同的；各种的differently adv.不同地differ from不同于differ in.在上不同；对持不同的看法differ with/from sb.on/about sth.在某事上和某人意见不一致be different from与不同tell the
9、 difference between A and B说出A与B的区别make a difference有作用；有影响difference n不同(之处)；差别,活学活用(1)用适当的介词填空The two squares differ_color but not_size.The husband differs_the wife_who is to take charge of the money.答案：in；inwith；on/about,(2)In our daily life，everyone fails every now and then.It is how you react t
10、hat makes a_.AdevelopmentBdifferenceCprogress Dpoint答案：B句意：在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。make a difference是固定词组，意为“有关系，有作用，有影响”。,2benefit(1)n. 益处，好处gain/get benefits from. 从中受益be of (great) benefit to. 对有(很大的)益处for the benefit of. 为了的利益to ones benefit 对有利People in this area gain many benefits fr
11、om increasing agricultural production.这个地区的人们从增加农业生产中受益颇多。Such a system will be of great benefit to society.这一制度将会对社会有很大益处。,(2)vt. & vi. 有益于；受益benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物benefit from/by. 从中受益The sea air will benefit you.海洋空气对你有益。The local farmers benefit greatly from the medical reform.当地的农民们从医疗改革中大大受
12、益。,知识拓展beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；有助的be beneficial to 对有益be of benefit toSuch a system will be beneficial to society.这一制度将会对社会有益处。,活学活用(1)完成句子She_ _ _ _ _(从阅读中获益良多)He held a concert to raise money_ _ _ _ _ _ _(为了贫穷儿童)It will be_ _ _ _ _ _(早到将会对你有利)Doing exercises will be_ _your health(锻炼有益于健康),答案：gaine
13、d/got many benefits from readingfor the benefit of the poor childrento your benefit to arrive earlybeneficial to,(2)That experience was of great _ to you.Abenefit BbeneficialCuseful Dhelpful答案：A句意：那次经历对你很有益处。“be of名词”结构中，只有A项benefit符合。若选C项应为use，若选D项应为help，若选B项应去掉of great。,3undertake vt.(undertook；un
14、dertaken)着手；从事；承担；许诺The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.这位律师免费承办那个案子。She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.她负责整个计划的组织工作。He undertook to be here at ten oclock.他答应十点钟到这儿来。,知识拓展undertake a task 承担任务undertake an attack 发动进攻undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake for. 为负责undertaking n. 任
15、务；事业；企业,活学活用(1)补全句子我保证你会喜欢这次旅行的。I can_ _you will enjoy the trip.要加入该俱乐部，你必须承诺每年至少买6本书。To join the club，you have to_ _ _a minimum of six books a year.答案：undertake thatundertake to buy,(2)Chian is the only nuclear state_not to be the first to use nuclear weapons.Aundertaking Bto undertakeChaving under
16、taken Dundertaken答案：B句意：中国是唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的核国家。当名词被序数词或only等词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语。,4breakthrough n. 突破An important breakthrough in peacetalking has been achieved.和平谈判已经取得重大突破。知识拓展make a breakthrough 取得进展break through 突破；突围Doctors have made a great breakthrough in the treatment of lung diseases.,医生们在肺病治疗方面取得了重
17、大突破。由动词短语转化而来的合成词还有很多，例如：break out发生outbreak n爆发；发作break down损坏breakdown n故障put out生产；输出 output n产量；输出burst out迸发outburst n喷出；突发come out出现；结果是outcome n结果；后果,活学活用The discovery of the new vaccine is an important_in the fight against bird flu.Abreakthrough BcommitmentCdevotion Dexplanation答案：A句意：新疫苗的发现
18、是抵抗禽流感的重要突破。breakthrough“突破”，符合题意。commitment“许诺”；devotion“投入；热爱”；explanation“解释”。,5altogether adv.总共(表示总数或总额，多修饰数词)；完全地，全部地(相当于completely)；总而言之(常作插入语)How much do the goods cost altogether?这些货物一共花费多少钱？The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether.火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。Li Ping works hard；she al
19、ways helps others.Altogether，she is a good girl.李萍工作努力，总是帮助别人。总之，她是个好女孩。,活学活用(1)写出下列句中altogether的含义The food was good and we loved the music.Altogether it was a great evening.()Altogether，about 50 NATO aircraft took part in the attack.()I dont altogether agree with you.()答案：总之总共完全地,(2)Queen Elizabeth
20、 is often thought to be the richest woman in the world._， her personal wealth seems rather small.ABesides BOtherwiseCHowever DAltogether答案：C考查副词。句意：人们经常认为伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富似乎很少。A项作为副词意思是“此外；而且”；B项意为“否则，不然的话”；C项意为“然而，可是”；D项意为“总共”。,6objection n. 不赞成；反对；极不愿意；抗议Nobody offered any objection.没有人提
21、出反对意见。Id like to come too, if youve no objection.你要不反对的话，我也愿意来。I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我极不愿意早起。,知识拓展(1)raise/voice an objection to.对提出异议There is no objection to .没有什么不可以的have no objection to (doing) sth.不反对(做)(2)object v不赞成；反对；抗议object to (doing) sth.反对、抗议(做)某事(3)objective adj.
22、如实的，客观的，无偏见的,比较网站object，oppose,活学活用(1)句型转换Most countries in eastern Europe object to that in principle.Most countries in eastern Europe_ _ _ _that in principle.答案：have an objection to,(2)用object的适当形式填空My main_to the plan is that it would be too expensive.His_is to publish a book of his own.答案：object
23、ionobject,7forbid vt. 禁止；不准His parents forbade him to watch TV at night.他的父母不允许他晚上看电视。The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。,知识拓展forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人得到某物forbid sb. doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbidden adj. 被禁止的；禁止的strictly forbidden 严格禁止Its for
24、bidden to do sth. 禁止做某事forbidden fruit/zones 禁果/禁区the Forbidden City 紫禁城Parking forbidden！No parking! 禁止停车！,名师点津forbid 后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth.。活学活用(1)补全句子她的父亲禁止他们结婚。Her father forbade_ _.Her father forbade_ _ _.They were_ _ _by her father.答案：their marriagethem to marryforb
25、idden to marry,(2)Smoking is harmful to health. It should be_in public places.Aallowed BfollowedCforbidden D. asked答案：C句意：吸烟有害健康，公共场所应该禁止吸烟。forbid“禁止”，符合题意。allow“允许”；follow“跟随；听从”；ask“询问；请求”。,(3)He was_to leave the house as a punishment.Abanned BforbiddenChandled Dstopped答案：B句意：作为惩罚，他被禁止离开那座房子。forbi
26、d sb to do sth“禁止某人去做某事”，此处为该短语的被动形式，符合题意。ban“禁止”，用于ban sb from doing sth结构中；handle“处理；操纵”；stop to do sth“停下来去做某事”，一般不用于被动语态。,8(1)obtain vt.获得；赢得obtain sth.for sb.取得某物；(经买、借、拿等)获得，得到某物I obtained this record for you with difficulty.我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。She obtained her doctors degree in 2010.她2010年获得了博士学位。
27、The books can be obtained from the library.这些书可以在图书馆里借到。,(2)attain vt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)He attained his ambition at last.他终于实现了她的抱负。On attaining 20，she will apply for the job.一到20岁她就要申请这份工作。,比较网站attain常指经过不懈努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指达到某一目标。obtain一般用于正式文体中。指经过较长时间的努力或奋斗获得所需之物，强调愿望得到满足。achieve多指取得成就、目标、幸福。earn表示经过
28、艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。,gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动或付出很大努力就能得到。win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。acquire指通过努力、能力、行为表现等“获得，得到”，其宾语多为知识、技术、能力等。,活学活用(1)选词填空(obtain/attain)Five years later，she_her ambition of be
29、coming a pilot.五年后，她实现了她当飞行员的梦想。Further information can be_from our head office.更详细的信息可从我们的总部获得。答案：attainedobtained,(2)Everyone has the power to_beauty，health and success.Aattain BcompleteCreceive Dfinish答案：A句意：每个人都有权利去获得美丽、健康和成功。attain“获得；达到”，主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西，符合题意。complete和finish都意为“完成”；receiv
30、e“收到”。,1.pay off得到好结果；取得成功Did your plan pay off?你的计划成功了吗？Her hard work finally paid offshe came first in the English contest.她的努力最终得到了回报英语竞赛中她得了第一名。付清；偿清We paid off our debt after fifteen years.我们历经15年时间终于还清了债务。,解雇；遣散The crew were paid off as soon as the ship docked.船一泊港，船员就被解雇了。知识拓展pay sth. off 全部偿
31、还；偿清pay sb. off 付清某人工资并解雇pay for 买；为付款；为付出代价pay back 还钱；偿还；报复pay money for sth. 付钱买pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pay up 付清欠款,活学活用(1)(2014江苏)Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _.Apay him back Bpay him offCput him away Dput him off答案：B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意： 爸爸，我认为奥利弗不
32、是做这项工作的适当人选。我明白。我这就去结账让他走人。pay sb. off付清工资后解雇(某)人，符合题意，故选B项。pay sb. back“偿还某人”；put sb. away“把某人送进监狱，处死”；put sb. off“推脱，敷衍”，皆不合题意。,(2)Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and Im glad that her efforts at last _.Aworked out Bgot backCpaid off Dturned out答案：Cpay off常意为“还清”。但
33、在本句话中的意思为“得到好结果，取得成功”。,(3)For us Senior Three students, believing that our hard work will_can strengthen our confidence.Apay off Btake offCset off Dput off答案：A句意：对我们高三学生来说，相信努力学习必有收获将会增强我们的信心。pay off表示“取得成功；得到好结果”。,2.cast down 沮丧；不愉快Anybody would be cast down at such bad news.这样的坏消息谁听了都会感到沮丧。He was
34、much cast down by his failure to find work.他找不到工作十分泄气。He was cast down by the result of the experiment.他被实验的结果搞得很沮丧。,知识拓展cast aside把丢在一旁；抛弃；消除cast away放弃；(船难时)丢下人cast off抛弃；脱掉；解缆起航cast out 驱逐；赶走cast about/around for考虑；计划；寻找If you were cast away on a desert island，what would you miss most?如果你因沉船而被丢在荒
35、岛上，你最想念什么？You really must cast off all these bad habits.你确实应该抛弃这些坏习惯。,注意：cast的过去式和过去分词都是cast；cast down通常用被动语态。,活学活用(1)完成句子我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤岛上，没有食物也没有水。We were_ _on an island without food or water.When Li Ming became monitor，he_ _(置之不理)all his former friends.答案：cast awaycast aside,(2)Since he heard of
36、his failure at the examination, Tom has been very _.Aturned downBcast downClet downDknocked down答案：B句意：汤姆自从听说考试不及格后，一直垂头丧气。be cast down (by sth.) 表示“(因某事)沮丧，不愉快”。,3have/make an impact on.对有影响impact C, usually sing &U(of sth.)(on sb./sth.)巨大影响；强大作用The move is not expected to make an impact on the com
37、panys employees.预计这一行动对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。Our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment.我们地区的措施对失业有重大影响。,知识拓展achieve/make an impact on 对造成影响have an effect on 对有影响make a difference to 对有影响,活学活用Every small decision you make will have a big_on your life in the years to come.Aconseque
38、nce BfunctionCimpact Dcommitment答案：C句意：你所做的每一个小决定都会对你将来的生活产生巨大的影响。have a big impact on“对产生巨大的影响”，符合题意。consequence“结果；后果”；funciton“功能；作用”；commitment“承诺；交托；信奉”。,4in favour of 赞同；支持；赞成Im all in favour of equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。I talked to Susan about it, and shes all in favour of going.我与苏珊
39、谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。,知识拓展in sb.s favour对某人有利do sb. a favour do a favour for sb.给某人帮忙owe sb. a favour欠某人情ask sb. for a favourask a favour of sb.向某人求助Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I cant make it?你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了了好吗？,巧学助记“in名词of”短语：in need of需要in praise of 为了赞扬in search of 寻找in charge of 负责in place of
40、代替in memory of 为了纪念in case of 万一；如果in terms of 就而言,in respect of 关于；作为的报酬in honour of 为了纪念，为向表示敬意in the form of 以的形式活学活用(1)用favour的相关短语填空Was he_a strike?_and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, will you?答案：in favour ofDo me a favour,(2)Laws will have to be made to ensure that cloning research
41、es develop further _ mankind.Ain favour of Bin memory ofCin honour of Din search of答案：Ain favour of“支持，赞成”；in memory of“为纪念”；in honour of“为庆祝；为纪念”；in search of“搜寻”。句意：应该制定法律确保克隆研究朝有利于人类的方向发展。,1.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植
42、新植物，就会产生这种现象。(1)句中when引导时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，不定式短语to make new ones作目的状语。He went to the market to buy some vegetables.他去市场买一些蔬菜。,It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.真令人难以置信，那些粉丝们在体育馆外等了三个小时仅仅是为了看看那些体育明星。注意：不定式作目的状语时其逻辑主语应为主句主语，此时
43、应注意人称一致。为了及时赶到那里，他把车开得很快。【误】To get there in time, his car was driven by him very fast.【正】To get there in time, he drove his car very fast.【析】“为了及时赶到那里”的逻辑主语应为人而不是车。,(2)ones在此用于代替前面的名词plants。ones可用于代替复数可数名词，表示一个泛指概念。Give me some apples. I want big ones.给我一些苹果。我要大的。比较网站one(ones), the one(the ones)与tha
44、t(those), it(1)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词；其复数形式是ones。(2)the one用来替代前面特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；其复数形式是the ones。,(3)that用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示特指，相当于the单数/不可数名词；和前面提到的事物是同一类，但不是同一个；其复数形式是those。(4)it用于代替前面提到的单数名词，和前面提到的是同一事物。My uncle gave me a very valuable present, one(a present) that
45、I had never seen.我叔叔给了我一件贵重的礼物，一件我从没见过的礼物。This bike is more expensive than the one in the corner.这辆自行车要比在拐角的那辆贵得多。,The area of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.上海的面积比苏州的面积大。Equipped with modern facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from those (the hospitals) of the past.配备了现代化的设备，现在的医院与过去的医院有很大不同。I bought a new dictionary yesterday, and it (the dictionary) is very useful.昨天我买了一本新词典，它非常有用。,
