1、 2003 Text 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espio
2、nage-spying as a “profession“. These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for
3、decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,“ and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most d
4、ata about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Aust
5、in, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online . Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of
6、mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukra
7、ine,“ says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.“ Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several
8、 of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Fried
9、man, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has _.A received support from fans like Donovan B remolded the intelligence services C restored many common pastimes D revived spying as a profession 42. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _.A introduce the topic of onli
10、ne spying B show how he fought for the US C give an episode of the information war D honor his unique services to the CIA 43. The phrase “making the biggest splash“ (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means _.A causing the biggest trouble B exerting the greatest effort C achieving the greatest succe
11、ss D enjoying the widest popularity 44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _.A Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true B Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability D Straitford is able to provide fairly reli
12、able information 45. Straitford is most proud of its _.A official status. B nonconformist image. C efficient staff. D military background. 答案用鼠标选中可见 key: BACDB 重点词汇：spymaster 即 spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。strategic（战略的；对全局起关键作用的）为 strategy（战略，策略）的形容词形式，-ic 为形容词后缀。strategy and tactics 战略与战术；a global strat
13、egy 全球战略。Worry more about implementation than strategy-its harder to do.更多地为贯彻落实而非战略本身操心这样做更难。lay the roots for 扎根于。fascinate（使着迷，强烈地吸引），去 e 加名词后缀-ion 即为 fascination（入迷；诱惑力），去 e 加形容词后缀-ing 即为 fascinating（迷人的），另可记 fascism（法西斯主义）、fascist （法西斯主义的；法西斯主义者）。He was fascinated with her beauty.他被她的美貌迷住了。espi
14、onage（间谍活动）即 esp(i)+ion+age，espi 即 espy（窥探e-=ex-出来+spy 窥探），-ion 与-age 皆名词后缀，表“活动”。revolution（革命；旋转）是 revolve（使旋转）的名词形式， “旋转”入“革命”的漩涡。revolve 即 re+volve，re-反复，volve 词根“卷”，于是“反复卷”旋转。The heart makes a revolution, the head a reformation.感情造就革命，理智形成改革。Folds used to be willing to wait patiently for a slow
15、-moving stage coach, but now they kick like the dickens if they miss one revolution of a revolving door.过去人们一向乐于耐心等待慢吞吞的公共马车，可现在若错过旋转门的一次旋转，他们就乱踢一气。revolution-an injustice that serves to replace as soon as possible the injustice of yesterday by the injustice of tomorrow the setting-up of a new order
16、 contradictory to the traditional one 革命能够促进尽快用明天的非正义取代昨天的非正义的一种非正义 建立一种与传统秩序相反的新秩序。Religions revolve madly round sexual questions.种种宗教都围绕着两性问题疯狂地打转。give birth to 分娩；产生；造成。He gave birth to a brilliant idea.spook（幽灵；间谍）可看作 sp(y)+o(o)+ok“幽灵 ”级的“间谍”窥探（spy）只用两只眼睛（oo）就 ok 了。spook-something everyone is af
17、raid of and no one believes in 幽灵人人害怕，却没人相信的东西。intelligence（智力；情报）即 intel+lig+ence，intel-即 inter-（前缀，意为“在之间”=between，因后接 l，故 r 变形为 l），lig 词根意为“选择”=lect（ i 与 e 元音可替换，ct=GG 不就是由 C+T 组成的吗？），-ence 名词后缀，故“从中挑选出所需之物的能力”智力；“从中挑选出来的东西”情报。intel+lig+ent 形容词后缀intelligent （聪明的）； intel+lig+ible 形容词后缀intelligible
18、（可理解的，易懂的）。intelligence-perhaps only an instinct that is mistaken 智力也许仅仅是一种被弄错的本能。Intelligence is quickness in seeing things as they are.智慧就是迅速看出事物本来面目的能力。influential（有影响的；有权势的）即 in+flu+ential，in-前缀意为“到里面”=into， flu 词根意为“流” =flow（flu 作单词时意为“流感”，即“流行性感冒”），-ential 形容词后缀，故“能流到心里面的”有影响的。名词与动词形式都是 influe
19、ncein+flu+ence 后缀。That man is admired above all men, who is not influenced by money.不为金钱所动的人是最受崇敬的。compile（编辑；搜集）即 com+pile，com- 前缀“一起”，pile 堆，故“把文字堆在一起”编辑；“把资料堆在一起”搜集。compiler（编辑）compil(e)+er 表“人 ”；compilation（编纂）compil(e)+ation 名词后缀表“行为”。splash（n.v.溅）为拟声词。make a splash 炫耀财富；Diplomacy-the art of ju
20、mping into trouble without making a splash.外交纵身跃入麻烦而不溅起水花的艺术。prediction（预言，预测）即 pre+dict+ion，pre-前缀表“在前”，dict 词根意为“说”，-ion 名词后缀，故 “在事情发生前就说的”预言，动词为 predictpre+dict。mutually（相互地）可看作 mut(e)+ual+ly，mute（哑的），-ual 形容词后缀，-ly 副词后缀，哑巴之间说话只能靠“相互地”交换手势，形容词为 mutual（相互的）。The proper basis for marriage is a mutua
21、l misunderstandings.婚姻固有的基础是相互误解。reinforce（增援，加强）即 re+inforce，re-前缀“再”=again ，inforce 即enforce（加强），故“再次加强”加强。reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土。distribution（分发）即 dis+tribut+ion，dis-前缀“分离”=apart，tribut词根“给”，-ion 名词后缀，故 “给出去”分发。Of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution.巨大的财富除了散布，没有
22、真正的用途。dramatic（戏剧性的；引人注目的；剧烈的）即 drama+tic，drama 戏剧、剧本，-tic 形容词后缀，表“具性质”。Has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? Of course not. They come out after dark, up to no good.有谁在白天见过戏剧批评家吗？当然没有。他们天黑才露面，不做什么好事情。take pride in 以为骄傲。emergence（显现）为 emerge 的名词形式，emerge 即 e+merge，e-=ex-，表“ 出来” ，merg
23、e 意为“结合，兼并”，故“从兼并状态中出来”显现。emergency（紧急情况，突然事件）e+merg(e)+ency 名词后缀。Truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.在错误中比在混乱中更容易出真理。Coward is one who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.懦夫就是在危急时刻用两条腿思考的人。revive（v. 恢复；复苏）即 re+vive，re-前缀“回”，vive 词根“活的”，故“回到活的状态”复苏。Any great work of ar
24、t is great because it creates a special world of its own. It revives and readapts time and space.任何伟大的艺术品之所以伟大，是由于它创造了自己特有的世界。它再现并重新改写了时空。nonconformist（不合传统规范的；不合传统规范的人）即 non-（前缀，“不”）+conform （遵守）+ist （“的”或“的人 ”）。（以上例句主要选自辽宁人民版广征博引英汉词典、河南人民版点击智慧新世纪魔鬼词典等书，词汇解析由 guangxian 信口开河，下同。）试题解析：这是一篇说明性的文章，介绍了互
25、联网技术对情报行业的影响。文章第一段便指出，互联网在改变情报行业。第二段进一步说明互联网促使了一种新的情报行业的诞生，运用互联网技术可以获取更多的情报。接下来，作者以 Straitford公司为例，介绍该公司如何将网络技术运用于情报工作以及该公司的一些经营理念。整篇文章通俗易懂，虽存在个别生词，但考生可以通过上下文猜测出词义。基于这篇文章的 5 道小题考查的范围覆盖了全文，既考查了考生理解具体信息的能力，也考查了考生推测词义、推理引申的能力。5 道小题难度适中。41. B该小题考查的是考生是否理解了第一段内容，特别是最后一句话。那句话是：“These days the Net, which h
26、as re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.”。其中，“Donovans vocation”指的就是“spying”，也就是“intelligence services”（情报行业）。关键在于对“reshape ”一词的理解，它的含义是“改造”。理解了以上这两点就能选出正确答案 B。其实 B 选项就是原文的另一种表述方式。但是，此题只有 28.7的考生选出了正确案，答对率不高。更多的考生选择的是 D。选错的原因可能在于考生对“
27、reshape”与“revive”的词义差别区分不清。“revive ”一词的含义是“to come or bring back into use or existence”（复兴，复活），暗含的意思是某事物已不存在或已丧失作用。第一段并没有提到间谍行业曾经消失的信息，从第二段中我们了解到互联网推动了情报行业的发展，也没有找到任何关于情报行业曾经中断的内容，所以 D 选项的说法是不正确的。C 选项也不正确，关键也在于“re-make”与“restore”的差别。“restore”的含义有：（1）“bring back into existence or use”（该义项与“revive”相近）
28、；（2 ）“bring back to an original condition”（恢复到原来的状态）。原文说的是，互联网改变了人们日常生活的方式，如：买书，发邮件等。人们现在可以足不出户，通过网络购书或发电子邮件。因此，无论“restore”在此取哪一种义项都与原文意思不符。A 选项也是错误的。选择 A 的考生对第一句话没有理解。第一句话用 “would have loved”虚拟语气说，若 Wild Bill Donovan 还在世的话，他会爱上互联网的。可见 Donovan 在世的时候并没有互联网，从后面的几句话中我们也能证实这一点。所以 A 选项将 Donovan 说成是互联网的爱好
29、者的说法是错误的。42. A该小题问作者提起 Donovan 的目的。答这类题的时候，考生应从整段或全文的角度去考虑。作者在写文章时举出某个例子时，这个例子一定是围绕着作者想表达的观点。读懂了细节，弄清了篇章结构能有助于把握文章主旨，反过来，了解了文章的大致主题和观点也可帮助我们吃透细节。其实，在篇首对 Donovan 的介绍只是一个引子，导出的是作者要谈的主题，即第一段的最后一句话。在后面的几段中，作者介绍了互联网对情报工作的影响。所以答案是 A。有部分考生选择了 C，原因在于没有理解文章的主题。这道题属于中等难度偏易的题目，区分度较好。43. C该小题考查的是考生对词组词义的猜测能力。“m
30、ake a splash”的含义是 “to create a forceful, favorable, and noticeable effect”。即使不知道这个词组的含义，也可以从下文中推测出：Straitford 公司是这个新领域的佼佼者，所以答案是 C。其他三个选项在文章中找不到依据。这道题属于中等难度偏易的题目，区分度较好。44. D该小题考查的是考生的推理、引申能力。第四段主要讲的是：Friedman 将互联网作为一个双向的工具，既用来收集信息，又用来发布信息。然后以乌克兰（Ukraine）的例子说明网络互动的实际作用。A 选项的说法没有根据，因为文中只说了 Stfaitford
31、公司作出了关于乌克兰局势的预测，并没有信息说明预言是否成真。B 选项的说法“Straitford 公司确保情报的真实性”与原文意思有些不符。第四段最后一句说，利用互联网收集情报是有风险的，因为情报的真伪难辨。Straitford 公司就是靠辨别真伪情报吃饭的。从这两句话中可以知道，Straitford 公司能提供相当可靠的情报，但没有保证情报百分之百准确，从常理上说也是不可能的。所以 B 的说法太绝对。C 选项说的是 Straitford 公司生意的特点是不可预测性，这种说法在文中也找不到根据。这道小题属于中等难度的题目。45. B该小题考查的是考生对最后一段内容的理解。答案可以在最后一句话中
32、找出：“Straitford ，says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.”。Straitford 公司引以为豪的是其独立的立场。与其他公司不同，Straitford 公司避免外界的左右。B 选项其实就是“independent voice”的另一种说法。其他三个选项或没有说到点子上或缺乏依据，都是错误的。该题属于中等难度题，区分度较好。（2003 年、2002 年试题解析选编自高教版 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试分析（非英语专业）2004 年版。）全文翻译：比尔多诺汶肯定会喜欢网络。这位美国间谍大王对情报着迷，他曾经在第二次
33、世界大战时建立了战略事务办公室，后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础。多诺汶相信，在谍报职业这个“大游戏”中可以使用任何手段。如今，互联网已经改变了买书和寄信这样的日常活动，也正在改变多诺汶曾经从事的这个职业。最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件的问题，这样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。在过去的三四年中，国际互联网已经派生出一个可称为点击谍报的完整的产业。间谍们把它称为“公开来源情报”。随着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。1995 年中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，看谁能够收集到关于“布隆迪”的最多信息。胜者胜出了一大截，却是弗吉尼亚的一家小公司，名为“公开来源解决方案
34、”，它的明显优势是它对电子世界的把握。在这个新的电子世界中最引起轰动的是一个叫司特雷福的公司，它是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个私营的情报分析公司。该公司的业务是将覆盖全球各个国家的情报销售给“麦克德莫国际”这样的能源公司。它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅，网址 。该公司的总裁乔治弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，是间谍们的梦想。上周，他的公司正在从远在世界的另一角落收集零散的信息，并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。“一旦这个报道发布，我们将从乌克兰突然新增 500 个浏览用户，”弗莱德曼，一位前政治科学教授说，“我们将听到其中一些人的回应。”当然公开来源的谍报活动的确有它
35、的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息。这正是司特雷福公司挣饭吃的地方。弗莱德曼只在奥斯汀市雇用了为数不多的雇员。其中的一些有军事情报工作背景。他把公司的“局外人”地位视为它成功的关键。司特雷福公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞，政府机构往往避免发布引人注目的言论，因为这些言论可能出错。弗莱德曼说，司特雷福公司为其独立的声音而感到自豪。（以上译文完全忠实于人大版2004 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语历年真题解析及复习思路，下同。2003 Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is n
36、eeded for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confu
37、sing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research s
38、ettings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no me
39、dicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.“ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.“ Such
40、well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a father
41、s bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle
42、school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.
43、 Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good
44、 people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A call on scientists to take some actions B criticize the misguided cause of animal rights C warn of th
45、e doom of biomedical research D show the triumph of the animal rights movement 47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.A cruel but natural B inhuman and unacceptable C inevitable but vicious D pointless and wasteful 48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to
46、show the publics _.A discontent with animal research B ignorance about medical science C indifference to epidemics D anxiety about animal rights 49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the public B employ hi-tec
47、h means in research C feel no shame for their cause D strive to develop new cures 50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A a well-known humanist B a medical practitioner C an enthusiast in animal rights D a supporter of animal research 答案用鼠标选中可见 key: ABBAD 重点词汇：paraphrase（n.v.释意）即 para+
48、phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”释意。以 para-为前缀的单词还有 paragraph（文章的段、节；短评） para+graph 写；parameter（参数）para+meter 计量、parasite （寄生虫） para+site 地点。biomedical（生物医学的）bio 生物+medic 医疗+al 形容词后缀。respond（v.回复；响应）即 re+spond，re-(=back)，spond 词根“请求”，于是“回复请求”响应。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching ones own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厌的不多的几种体验之一，是观察自己的头脑，看它是如何产生新的兴趣、对新的刺激作出反应及发展新的思想。advocate（v. 提倡 n.倡议者；辩护人）即 ad+voc+ate，ad-前缀表“加强”，voc 词根意为“声音”（即 voice，因为元音可任意增减替换），-ate 为动词后缀（作名词后缀时表“人”）。argument（辩论；论据，论点）为 ar
