1、考研英语历年阅读真题解析（19942005）CONTENTS2005 PASSAGE 112005 PASSAGE 222005 PASSAGE 352005 PASSAGE 472004 TEXT 1 112004 TEXT 2 122004 TEXT 3 142004 TEXT 4 162003 TEXT 1 192003 TEXT 2 222003 TEXT 3 252003 TEXT 4 282002 TEXT 1 312002 TEXT 2 342002 TEXT 3 372002 TEXT 4 392001 PASSAGE 1422001 PASSAGE 2452001 PASSA
2、GE 3472001 PASSAGE 4502001 PASSAGE 5532000 PASSAGE 1562000 PASSAGE 2582000 PASSAGE 3612000 PASSAGE 4642000 PASSAGE 5661999 PASSAGE 1691999 PASSAGE 2721999 PASSAGE 3741999 PASSAGE 4771999 PASSAGE 5801998 PASSAGE 1831998 PASSAGE 2861998 PASSAGE 3881998 PASSAGE 4911998 PASSAGE 5941997 PASSAGE 1961997 P
3、ASSAGE 2991997 PASSAGE 31011997 PASSAGE 41041997 PASSAGE 51071996 PASSAGE 11091996 PASSAGE 21111996 PASSAGE 31131996 PASSAGE 41161996 PASSAGE 51181995 PASSAGE 11201995 PASSAGE 21221995 PASSAGE 31241995 PASSAGE 41271995 PASSAGE 51291994 PASSAGE 11311994 PASSAGE 21331994 PASSAGE 31351994 PASSAGE 41371
4、994 PASSAGE 5138考研英语历年阅读真题解析12005 Passage 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the u
5、nderlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied
6、the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characterist
7、ics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de waals; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate
8、but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the se
9、cond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence
10、of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely t
11、o be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolv
12、ed independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast. B. justifying an assumption. C. making a comparis
13、on. D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature. C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. D. no animals other than monkeys can d
14、evelop such emotions.23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get. B. attentive to researchers instructions. C. nice in both appearance and temperament. D. more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr
15、. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers. 考研英语历年阅读真题解析2B. can be taught to exchange things. C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated. D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be t
16、rained to develop social emotions. B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 重点词汇：assumption （假定；承担；呈现）是 assume 的名词形式；见 1997 年Text 2。.参 consumption，2002 年 Text 3。ass
17、umption the mother of screw-up 臆断把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。grievance /n.委屈冤情 不平。申诉人 提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛 伤心事不幸 忧伤。因为有冤情（ ）而满怀悲痛（ ）向申诉人 申诉。tardily adv.缓慢。形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）counterpart （相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等” ，part 部分，“对等的部分” 。见 2000 年 Passage 4 。token n. 表示, 向征, 记号,
18、 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。reluctant （不愿的，勉强的）即 re+luct+ant，re- 看作“反复”，luct可看作词根 lect“选择”，-ant 形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”不愿的。Suggestion systems can work dont be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的不要不愿使用它们。见 1994 Passage 5 。indignation n. 愤慨, 义愤。 记忆：in-dig 挖（坑）-
19、nation ，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的难句分析： Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短语regardas的被动形式；with 加名词作状语，即“带有潜在的假定”，其中 assumption 后接
20、有 that 引导的同位语从句解释说明假定的内容。翻译：这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平意识。when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.该句子的主句是 their behaviour became markedly dif
21、ferent.前面是 when 引导的时间状语从句，其中包含了 so that 引导的目的状语从句。翻译：当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。 试题解析：这篇文章是讲猴子有一种天然的公平意识，文章本身难度不是太大，一开始做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识。然后根据这个类比，文章重点谈猴子们的公平意识。这篇对比性的文章两个方面要理解，第一，人类和猴子之间都有一种近似的表现，当受到不公正待遇的时候，都有义愤填膺的感觉，如果把握这个逻辑，就是类比的逻辑。第考研英语历年阅读真题解析2二, 最后两段关于选择的实验的对象以及实验的结果。2
22、1 题，我们应该选择 C，考察第一段的写作手法，明显用的是猴和人之间的相似形的比较关系。22 题答案是 B，也是在把猴子和人做类比，指出猴子与人一样都抱怨不公平23 题答案选 A，这个是事实细节题，答案是根据文章第三段第一句话得到的，雌性的猴子被选择做研究，是因为她们更加注重她们获得的东西。24 题答案选择 C，他们最终的发现是什么，篇章最后两段反复重复，如果没有受到公平的话，25 题选择 B.这篇文章第一段和最后一段都出现一个词，“假设“为什么猴和人都有这种心理反应，这个问题没有得以解决。全文翻译：人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失
23、的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的 Sarah Brosnan 和 Frans de Waal 进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在自然杂志上。研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为 Brosnan 和 de Waal 理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情
24、况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感
25、到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。 2005 Passage 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was
26、 inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scie
27、ntists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear messag
28、e is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out
29、 nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its Ok to keep pouring fumes
30、into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a m
31、ajority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.考研英语历年阅读真题解析3To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oc
32、eanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a pro
33、mising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA. there was no scien
34、tific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life. D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serv
35、e asA. a protector. B. a judge. C. a critic. D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4) A. Endless studies kill action. B. Careful investigation reveals truth. C. prudent planning hinders. D. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to
36、the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B. Raise public awareness of conservation. C. Press for further scientific research. D. Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becauseA. t
37、hey both suffered from the governments negligence. B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former. D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.重点词汇：prudent adj. 谨慎的。Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天气
38、下外出时带上件厚外套是谨慎的。名词形式prudence n. 审慎。记忆：rude 粗鲁的，无礼的，p 不-rude 粗鲁的-ent 形容词后缀paralysis n. 瘫痪, 麻痹。 para-侧面。参见 2003 年 Text 2。paraphrase （n.v.释意）即 para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase 即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”释意。以 para-为前缀的单词还有 paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）para+graph 写；parameter（参数）para+meter 计量；parasite（寄生虫）para+site 地
39、点。analysis n. 分析, 分解。记忆：an-a-lysis，后缀同上，分析成一个 an,a。联想：反义词 synthesis n. 综合, 合成take the legislative initiative take the initiative 带头,开始着手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.开始着手试图解决这个问题initiative n. 主动。 名词形式 initiate vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起legislative adj. 立法的, 立法机关的 n. 立法机关。参见 1999 Passage 4 。legislation 考研英语历年阅读真题解析4 （立法；法规）看作 leg+is+lat(e)+ion， leg 词根“法律”（参 allegation 宣称，2003 年 Text 2），is 是，late 迟的，-ion 名词
