1、第1讲 名词,【典题探究1】思考下列试题，总结本组题的考点。 1. They aimed to show not only good _(perform) during the seven days but their image of self-improving and high-level sport moral. (佛山一模) performance。用名词，作show的宾语。,【典题探究1】思考下列试题，总结本组题的考点。 2. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in
2、our school started a discussion “Save Our _ (voice)”. (韶关一模) Voices。根据前面Our得知名词要用复数形式，为不可数名词具体化，同时因为是标题要注意大写。,考点内容透析,名词是表示人或事物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。如下表：,普通名词,普通名词,专有名词专有名词是指具体人物、地点、机构或国家地区等专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写，如：China，Shanghai。在以普通名词构成的专有名词前或特指一家人、夫妇等前加定冠词the。如：the Yellow River黄河，the Smiths 史密斯一家人或夫妇。,不
3、可数名词1. 不可数名词前不能直接与a/an，(a) few，many，several等词连用，也不能直接加上基数词表示个数，只能和(a) little，much，some等词连用，通常没有复数形式。2. 不可数名词量的表示：用数词容器of不可数名词。如：a piece of paper/ bread/ news 一张纸/一块面包/一则新闻；two bottles of water两瓶水。,不可数名词3. 有些名词，既可用作可数名词，又可用作不可数名词，但意思不一样。如：room空间，a room一个房间；glass玻璃，a glass一个玻璃杯。4. 有的不可数名词可转化为可数名词，如：a
4、success（一次成功），failures（许多次失败）。,可数名词 【典题探究2】给出下列单词复数。 a desk _；2. a class _； 3. a factory _；4. a leaf _； 5. a knife _；6. a roof _； 7. a hero _；8. a photo _ 9. a foot _；10. a woman_； 11. a tooth _；12. a sheep _ 13. a Chinese _；14. a Frenchman_； 15. a German _；16. a looker-on _； 17. a father-in-law _；
5、18. a grownup _；19. a man doctor _。,desks,classes,leaves,factories,knives,roofs,heroes,photos,feet,women,teeth,sheep,Chinese,Frenchmen,Germans,lookers-on,fathers-in-law,grown-ups,men doctors,特别提醒,1. 不规则变化：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。 2. 单复数相同：sheep，fish，deer，means，C
6、hinese，Japanese，works，但fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes。 3. 以man，woman 修饰名词构成合成词时，两个词都变化。例如：man servant men servants，woman doctor women doctors (但boy/ girl students)。,4. 复合名词的复数形式： 主体名词变化： son-in-law sons-in-law， looker-on lookers-on， film-goer film-goers。 没有主体名词,在词尾加复数：grown-up grown-ups。,5. 集体名词的用法：集体名词如po
7、lice，people等表示复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数，可与the连用（注意：some peoples一些民族）。但诸如family，class，team，group等集体名词，如强调整体，表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数，如强调个体，表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。如：,He class is well known in their school. 他们班在该校很有名。（该名词被看做一个整体具有单数概念。） The class are waiting for her. 她们班的同学们正等着她。（该名词含有若干个体具有复数概念。 6. 特殊的复数形式：有些词只有复数形式，用作主
8、语时谓语动词用复数。如：goods，glasses，trousers，clothes。,名词所有格 【典题探究3】翻译下列短语。 1. 爱丽丝的画作_； 2. 工人卫生间_； 3. 儿童玩具_； 4. 元旦_； 5. 五分钟的谈话_； 6. 房间的窗户_； 7. 诺尔曼 白求恩大夫的死亡_；,Alices paintings,workers rest rooms,childrens toys,five minutes talk,New Years Day,the window of the room,the death of Dr. Norman Bethune,【典题探究3】翻译下列短语。
9、8. 靠窗坐的学生名字叫在什么? _ _；9. 他兄弟的一幅画_；10. 那个教师的那个表演_； 。,Whats the name of the student sitting near the window,a picture of his brothers,that performance of the teacher s,11. 这是汤姆,詹姆斯和迪克的房间。 _；12. 珍妮的, 汤姆的和玛丽的房间都朝南的。 _,This is Tom, James and Dicks room,Jennys, Toms and Marys rooms face to the south.,特别提醒,
10、1. 用于表示时间、度量、价值的名词，如：todays paper，two dollars worth of books，a pounds weight。 2. 用 of 表示非生命事物名词的所属关系，如：a map of China一张中国地图。 3. 当名词有较长的定语时，用 of 表示所属关系，如：the name of the girl standing at the gate站在门口女孩的名字。,4. 双重所有格：当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如：a/an，this，that，these，those，two，any，some，several，no，fe
11、w，another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。如：a friend of mine 我的一个朋友；three books of Marys 玛丽的三本书。 5. the key to the door/ notes to the text/ answers to the question；tickets for the film/ movie，a check for $1500；anyone elses book。,在广东高考中，语法填空题要考查名词的用法，常常以词类转换形式出现，因此，其考查形式常给出一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空。做这类题时，首先要
12、判断所填空格是否该填名词，名词一般在动词、冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格及一些不定代词后面。其次要注意一些名词的活用和具体的考查方式，是考查书写名词的形式还是单复数形式，是不可数名词具体化还是名词修饰名词，最后作出具体判断。,锦囊妙计,成功体验,I. 单句填空：根据汉语提示，完成下列句子或用所给的词语的适当形式填空。 1. Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ (challengeable) is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. ch
13、allenge。根据句子结构知道空格中需要名词，并由“is”知用单数。,2. Of the seven days in the a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries. choice。前面有“popular”修饰，可知此处需要choose的名词形式，并且由前面的“Saturday is”可知为单数形式。,3. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right am
14、ount of medicine. instructions。此处可数名词前面没有some/many/any.等修饰，需用复数形式。名词复数形式一般在其后面加“s”。,4. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _ (situation). situations。此处用复数形式，为不可数名词具体化。 5. At the meeting they discussed three different_ (approach) to the study of mathematics.（06湖北卷） approaches。由“
15、three different”可知用可数名词复数形式。,6. There are many _ (volcano) in just a small area，some with perfectly cone-shaped peaks constantly emitting smoke from their craters. volcanoes。由many可知用复数形式。以o结尾的词多数+es，如：heroes，Negroes；注意以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s，如：radios，zoos，bamboos(但外来词也只需加s，pianos，kilos，photos) 。,7.if a fa
16、ctory worker or a bus driver，a street cleaner or a waiter wants to take his wife and _ (child) to South end，he is usually quite able to do so. child/ children。考查名词单复数，此处“带妻子和孩子”中孩子可以为一个也可为多个，所以单复数均可。 8. Look！There is a chemical _ (work) where you used to work. works。work表示工作为不可数名词；表示著作、作品、工厂、作坊、工程、工
17、事等均为可数。,9. Three _ (man servant) were fired by Mr. White last month. men servants。由three可知用复数形式。以man，woman 修饰名词构成合成词时，两部分皆变为复数形式。 10. _ (Kate) sister Mary was very afraid when she was left alone. Kates。空格用名词所有格作定语，修饰单数可数名词sister。,II. 语篇模拟：阅读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 1 （experiment) have proved that 2 (child)
18、 can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles，children become expert at holding their 3 (breathe) under water even before they can walk. 4 (baby) of two 5 (month) old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the,Experiments,children,breath,Babies,months,
19、water. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young 6 (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. 7 (Tricycle) are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children com
20、pete against each other to reach the other end of the 8 . Many pedal their tricycles，but most of them,swimmers,Tricycles,pool,prefer to push or drag them. Some children can cover the whole 9 (long) of the pool without coming up for 10 (breathe) even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions，only time will tell. Meanwhile，they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.,length,breath,Thank you,Goodbye!,
