1、培生学堂 八年级下Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up 意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“ 动词+ 副词” 结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在 up 前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在 up 前面。e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hos
2、pital to cheer them up.Cheer up 意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“ 动词+ 副词” 结构的短语，cheer up 既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.Cheer up! The news isnt too bad.He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1）cheer 作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrive
3、d.2) cheer 作及物动词，意为“ 为 欢呼，高呼”e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3) cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4) cheer on 意为“ 为加油”e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？【现学现练】He failed in the math
4、 test and looks sad. Lets _A. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up D. clean him up培生学堂 八年级下3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”， 是“ 动词+副词”的短语动词e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please?【拓展】Give out 的不同含义：1）give out 表示 “发出（光、热、声音、气味等）e.g. The sun giv
5、es out light and heat to the earth.2) give out 表示 “用完，耗尽”e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer 动词，意为“ 志愿做，义务做 ”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer 作可数名词，意为“志愿者”
6、e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?5. We cant put off making a planPut off 意为“推迟” ，是“ 动词 +副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain.Please dont put off doing your homework.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由 put 构成的常见短语有：Put aw
7、ay 将收起来 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下；记下Put out 熄灭；伸出 put back 放回原处 put up 张贴；搭建培生学堂 八年级下6. Lets make some notices, tooNotice 此处作可数名词，意为“ 公告牌；通告；布告”e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”Ill put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1）notice 作不可数名词，意为“注意”e.g. Take notice of what they say.2) n
8、otice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”e.g. Did you notice Jack come in ?7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to 意为“过去 ， 曾经” ，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态e.g. He used to work in the hospital.He didnt use to walk after supper.【拓展】1) be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用于做某事 ”，不定
9、式表目的e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write.2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于”e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.3) get/be used to doing sth.e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely 是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独
10、、寂寞。含忧郁之意。e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends.培生学堂 八年级下9. give up several hours each week to help others.Several 作形容词，意为“ 几个，数个 ”，修饰可数名词复数e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several 作代词，意为“ 几个，数个 ”e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports?
11、- Yes, weve got several.Several of us went there.10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.1) Feeling 在此用作可数名词，意为“ 感觉；感触”e.g. Ive got a bad feeling.It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel 还可用作
12、连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到”e.g. I felt very tired after running.2) satisfaction 为不可数名词，意为 “满意，满足”，其反义词是 dissatisfaction.e.g. She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction（名词，满意）- satisfy （动词，使满意） - satisfied （形容词，满意的）1) be satisfied to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到满意”e.g. He was satisfied to win the match.2) be satisfied wit
13、h 意为“ 对感到满意”e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.3) joy 在此用作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快”e.g. Life is always full of joy.He jumped up with joy.4) owner 可数名词，意为“物主，主人”培生学堂 八年级下e.g. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1) own 形容词，意为“ 自己的 ”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.2) own 及物动词，意为“ 有；拥
14、有 ”，相当于 have.e.g. He owns a big house.3) of ones own. 意为“ 属于某人自己的 ”e.g. At last Ive got a big house of my own.11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.Journey 意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行e.g. Life is a long journey f
15、rom birth to death. 12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.Sick 形容词，意为“ 生病的；有病的”，其反义词为 well.e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick 作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的”e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship.The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick
16、 与 ill 的辨析：Sick 指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语e.g. He is a sick man.He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill 指 “生病 ”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语培生学堂 八年级下e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money
17、for homeless people.Raise 作及物动词，意为“ 筹集；征集”e.g. They want to raise enough money for building a school.【拓展】raise 的其他用法：1) 作及物动词，意为“举起，抬起”e.g. Please raise your hands!2) 作及物动词，意为“种植”e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn.3) 作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养”e.g. She likes to raise a dog.14. I want to travel alone.Alone 作
18、副词，意为“ 单独地；独自地”e.g. He likes living alone.1) alone 作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅 ”e.g. He alone understands me.2) alone 作形容词，意为“ 独自的；单独的 ”e.g. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone 与 lonely 辨析Alone 表示“单独的；肚子的”，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。e.g. He is alone in the classroomLonely 表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少
19、朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.培生学堂 八年级下Section B1. Ive run out of it.Run out of 是“动词 +副词+介词 ”的短语，of 后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“用完了”e.g. Ive run out of paper.【拓展】1) run out of 可表示 “从跑出来”的意思e.g. The dog run out of the room.2) run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物
20、动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时间、金钱”等无生命的东西。e.g. All the money ran out by me.3) sth. run out 表示“ 某物用尽了，用完了”e.g. Our food will soon run out.2. I take after my mother.Take after 意为“ 像；与相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于 be similar to， 其中 after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词e.g. Your daughter doesnt take after you at all.【拓展】1) look
21、 like 意为“看上去像”，多指外貌e.g. You look like my brother.2) be like 意为“像”， 可指外貌，也可指性格e.g. What is your sister like?3. I repaired it.Repair 及物动词，意为“ 修理，修补，修缮（房屋） ”e.g. He repairs old furniture.培生学堂 八年级下辨析：repair, mend 与 fix1) repair 比 fix 和 mend 更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fu
22、n of it.2) mend 着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3) fix 侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理” ，常用于指修理机器、车辆等e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.4. Im similar to her.1) similar 形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的”e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies.2) be similar to 意为“ 与相似/ 相仿”e.g. My new dress
23、 is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意为“ 在某方面相似/ 相仿”e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li?1) letter 可数名词， “信，函”e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.2) write the letter to sb. 相当于 write to sb. 意为“ 给某人写信”e.g. I am writing the letter to my friendDo you ofte
24、n write to your friends?【拓展】1) receive a letter from sb. 与 hear from sb. 同义， 意为“收到某人的来信”e.g. I often hear from my friends.2) letter 作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思培生学堂 八年级下e.g. Write down these letters, please.6. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.Disabled 形容词，意为 “丧失能力的，有残疾的
25、 ”，它是动词 disable（使丧失能力）加后缀 ed 构成的e.g. We should help disabled people.Its important to make fun of a disabled man.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意为“ 对产生影响”，difference 前面可加修饰词，如 big, great 等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a
26、 persons life.The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference 意为“对没有影响”e.g. It makes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily.Imagine 动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon?I can hardly imagine Peter sailing acr
27、oss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity 作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为 difficult，意为“困难的”【拓展】1) Difficulty 表示抽象意义上的 “困难”时，是不可数名词e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面
28、有困难”e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.培生学堂 八年级下10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me .1) open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为 closee.g. open the window, open your mouthOpen 与 turn on 辨析：Open 指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开2) carry 及物动词，意为 “拿，提，扛 ”e.g. He always carri
29、es a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take 的用法辨析：Carry 不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运 ”等e.g. Please carry the bag for me.Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方e.g. Bring the book to me, please.Take 指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去e.g. Take my box to the room.【拓展】Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下：1) 开着的，反义词为 closede.g. All the doors are open.2)
30、开张的，营业的e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.3) 开放的e.g. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out1) a friend of mine 指“ 我的一位朋友” ，是双重所有格，相当于 one of my friends.2) help sb. out 指“ 帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题”培生学堂 八年级下e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.
31、12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.1) excited 形容词，意为“ 兴奋的，激动的 ”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“ 人”的名词或代词e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news.The excited children are opening their presents.Excited 与 exciting 的用法辨析：Excited 意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting 意为“使人兴奋的，刺
32、激的”，修饰物e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2) be excited about 意为“对感到兴奋、激动”e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.Understand 既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为 “理解；领会；明白”e.g. Do you understand me?He doesnt understand English.【拓展】1）
33、 understand 后可接从句：e.g. I understand youre going to teach American Chinese.2) make oneself understood 意为“让某人了解自己的意思”e.g. I cant make myself understood in English.单元练习.单项填空（30 分）21.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam培生学堂 八年级下22.The father is cr
34、eative enough so many nice toys for his daughter.A.buying B.making C.to buy D.to make23.I often saw the boys in the river.A.swam B.swimming C.to swim D.swim24.It takes me two hours my homework every day.A.doing B.to do C.did D.does25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold
35、water ?A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drunk26.Its easy the problem.A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solving D.of him to solve27. is not easy to look after a little baby.A.The B.What C.It D.How28.I hope you next Sunday.A.see B.to see C.sees D.seeing29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now h e
36、has no place to .A.live B. l ive on C.live in D.live with30.Could yo u please pass me the book? A.Yes, I could. B.No, I couldnt.C.Sure, here you are. D.No, thats no problem.31.What are you doing, Uncle Wang?Im sorting out old books and Ill to kids in West China.A.give them up B.give them away C.give
37、 them off D.give them in32.We found necessary to protect animals in danger.A.it B.this C.that D./33.You should smoking. Its bad for your health.A.get up B.put up C.give up D.look up34.Thank you for your ,otherwise I couldnt finish my study.培生学堂 八年级下A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds35.He is strong f
38、ootball.A.in play B.in playing C.at play D.at playing.完形填空（10 分）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 .“He is really bad， ”the boy said,“and I 37 him.”The grandfather said,“ 38 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, so
39、metimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all th
40、e time, and for no reason. He cant think carefully 43 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control（控制）me.”Peter looked into his grandfathers 44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The old man said slowly and seriou
41、sly,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.”36.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily37.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy38.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask39.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened40.A.good B.bad C.lazy D.quiet41.A.at B.on C.wi
42、th D.about42.A.other B.others C.another D.the other43.A.because B.though C.before D.but44.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth45.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.When.阅读理解（20 分）Have you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China? Do you want tovisit there? Well show you the best Taiwan Island.On a four-day tou
43、r.培生学堂 八年级下Price: Only ￥5,000Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.PlacesSun and Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. Th
44、at is why people call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon Lake.A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and f
45、 resh fish.Gao Xiong A full day to go shopping.Book nowOffice hour MondayFriday: 9:00 am7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am4:00 pmTel: 6459-9561Sold out this month Book by phone now for next month.46.Which is the biggest island of China?A.Taiwan Island. B.Hainan Island.C.Diaoyu Island. D.Huangyan Island.47.I
46、f you go on a trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunrise?A.On Sun and Moon Lake. B.On Ali Mountain.C.On Peng Lake. D.In Gao Xiong.48.The writer of this passage wants to .A.have more people to join the tour B.tell you something about TaiwanC.ask people not to trouble them on Sunday D.des
47、cribe how beautiful Taiwan is49.If you want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to .A.visit their office on Saturday B.phone the number 6459-9561C.turn to some other travel agencies D.pay more to cover the same tour50.If you are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the
48、following would 培生学堂 八年级下be the most proper?A.Taiwan is Part of China B.Take the Time to Learn in Your HolidayC.The Biggest Island of China D.Come and Join Us for Your Holiday.根据汉语提示完成句子（10 分）51.They are （募捐） for the students in Lushan earthquake.52.He （志愿帮助）old people at an Old People House.53.To （
49、使我们高兴的是） ，we found the owner of the lost dog.54.The （感觉） of helping others makes me （觉得）happy.55.They （有困难）climbing the mountain.句型转换（10 分）56.She could play the piano when she was five years old.（改为同义句）She could play the piano five.57.I would like to be an animal d octor when I grow up.（改为同义句）I an animal doctor when I grow up.58.could，you，the，kids，ask，let ，
