1、雅思主流写作题型之 观点判断型,组合作文法-审题（topic interpretation） This kind of argumentative essay requires clear thinking, preparation, and a concise (non-waffly) writing style. 目前雅思主流写作4题型 A. Argumentation （观点辩论型）(1) 利弊题（Advantages or disadvantages） (2) 两种/多种选择权衡题（TWO options） (3) 观点判断题（opinions/ comments）BDiscussio
2、n（事实讨论型） Introduction a hot issue (Introduction, first paragraph); find out possible explanations (depends, second paragraph); analyze its impact on society (detailed, both sides, third para) ; suggest feasible approaches to it (corresponding to previous).,表现形式,To what extent do you agree (or disagr
3、ee)? Discuss both views and give your own opinion. How far do you agree (or disagree)? Whats your opinion towards the statement? Discuss both opinions/statements (and give your own one).,题目示例,2009年1月10日 Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap
4、between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having an opposite effect. Discuss these points of view. What is your opinion? 2009年2月7日 Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty, so rich countries should give other types of help to the poor
5、 countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2009年2月12日 Development in technology causes environmental problems. Some people believe the solution in these problems is everyone accepts a simpler way of life, while others say that technology can solve these proble
6、ms. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.,2009年2月21日 Some think that these environmental problems are too big for individuals to be solved, while others think that individuals cannot solve these environmental problems unless they make some action. Discuss both views and give your opinion.200
7、9年2月28日 Some people believe that improve public health should increase the number of sports facilities; others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009年3月7日 Some people think music plays an important role in society. Othe
8、rs think it is it is simply a form of entertainment. Discuss both sides of this argument and give your own opinion.,观点判断型话题细分,观点判断题又通常分为两类。 一种是观点陈述分正反两派。 如：2009年4月25日 Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for a childs education than going to school. But others believe
9、that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 另一种是题目中只提一种观点立场。如： 2009年3月21日 Some people think it is more important to spend public money on promoting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treat
10、ment for people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2009年4月18日 If a product is good or it meets people needs, people will buy it. So advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment To what extent do you agree or disagree?,解题步骤一：审题,善于把握题目中的关键字词： 形容词对问题定性：如 More
11、important/essential； Necessary/unnecessary 动词+名词组合引出具体问题/某种行为： 介词或副词界定问题/行为的具体范围/对象/前提.,解题步骤二：确定基调,根据自己的立场对题目中的观点进行是/非，对/错的评判。 一边倒：对题目观点完全的赞同或否定 对称型：对题目观点既有赞同也有不赞同的部分，不过可偏向某一方立场。 注意: 正反观点都有的题目通常只能写对称型的论文. 如题目通常都会说Discuss both views/sides of this argument and give your own opinion.,解题步骤三：一边倒的段落安排,第一段
12、：复述观点（不能照抄），初步表明自己的立场； 第二段：理由1； 第三段：理由2，若有其他理由可在该段末简单带过； 第四段：总结，并呼应段首观点。,解题步骤三：对称型的段落安排,第一段：复述观点，表明自己大概立场 第二段/第三段：同意/反对的主要观点各写一段（可举1-3，视难易程度决定，但长度要合适，轻重程度排序得当）。两种观点的顺序可自由调换。不过建议养成自己的习惯以免临时决定浪费时间。 同之前利弊型一样,如果某一个观点论得比较透的话, 同意/反对可以只着重讲一个,其他带过. 说明：根据自己的立场决定写作时掌握何派观点的篇幅，以及语气强弱。 第四段：结论，强调自己的观点偏好。,解题示范1：一边
13、倒式论文 首段模板,开头段：介绍两派观点，并直接点明自己的立场. 背景介绍之后. A multitude of people hold the belief that 观点A， while others disagree. They contend that 观点B. As far as I am concerned/from my point of view/as I see it, I believe that the first/second argument holds more water.,一边倒式论文 论述段套句,第二段第一句：引出具体论据 There are numerous
14、reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few of the most important ones in this essay. 接着讲第一个理由：firstly/to start with/in the first place/ for one thing.理由1； 第三段：secondly/then/moreover/whats more/for another thing/apart from the above-mentioned factor/reason, 理由2。,一边倒式论文 总结段模板,From what
15、 has been discussed, it is not difficult for us to draw the conclusion that 自己观点成立。 Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can come to the conclusion that/it is easy to see 自己观点成立。 To sum up/in summary/to summarize In brief/in short/in a nutshell,一边倒论文的另一种写法,开头段不变 第二段写一点反方观点的理由1； Despite of
16、/even though作一个让步转折，开始第三段写支持已方观点成立的理由1，2 (二、三段其实可调换次序，道理不变） 总结段不变。,解题示范2：对称式论文 首段模板,开头段：介绍两派观点，但对双方都部分认可，因此观点“引而不发”. Some people hold the belief that 观点A， while others disagree. They contend that 观点B. As far as I am concerned, both sides of the argument have some strong points and sound reasons.,对称式
17、论文 论述段套句,第二段：On the one hand, A观点成立 for the following reasons: (firstly/in the first place/to begin with; furthermore, moreover, whats more, secondly等列举过渡词在二三段的应用）第三段：On the other hand, B观点成立 because: 1,2.,对称式论文 总结段模板,From what has been discussed, it can be seen that there is certain degree of truth
18、 in both of the arguments. Personally speaking, I tend to side with the former/latter opinion/idea that 观点A/观点B相对更有道理。,观点判断型题目必背词汇,有道理: reasonable, sound, hold the water, make (more) sense, logical, justified Such behavior is justified on these grounds. 没道理: unreasonable, does not hold the water, ma
19、ke no sense, illogical, unjustified, groundless, 认为: 查看笔记 观点: idea/notion/belief/argument/opinion/view/viewpoint/standpoint/stance. 争议: controversy; debate, argument; disagreement; divergence;,范文赏析,2006.10.29,Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between countries is a po
20、sitive development, while others think that many countries will lose their national identities. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 题目分析: 观点分析型(但不适合一边倒,适合对称型, 因为两派的观点都有道理. 关键词:(引)increasing business and cultural contact; (论) positive development/lose national identities.,The world today is cha
21、racterized by the free flow of information and commodity. The frequent interaction and growing interdependence among countries have ended the days of regional isolation and absolute national sovereignty(背景介绍,完全不用模板, 接着引出所讨论问题), but they have also sparked off sharp controversies over the positive and
22、 negative impacts that a global culture can bring into our life. (名词性从句及定语从句计数: 1)Some people say that (宾语从句) the widening international exchanges, both in the field of business and culture, have exerted positive influences on a nation as well as its people. (改写题目正方观点原句). To begin with, they promote
23、 business cooperation among nations.(经济原则) For example, large multinational companies spread the latest technologies and experience around the world, and international trade has helped so many less developed economies grow (经济/技术原则, 例证法). Also, they enrich peoples lives because people of one nation
24、are given opportunities through international tourism, exhibitions and fairs, TV programs and films, etc, to enjoy the achievements of other cultures across the globe. (名词性从句及定语从句计数:1),However, other people argue that (宾语从句) these conditions also create the possible danger of undermining a countrys
25、national identity (改写题目反方观点原句). In the first place, traditional cultures might fall victim to a global media and entertainment force. This is most evident in some parts of the world (定语从句) where “Americanization” is threatening the preservation of their indigenous culture. In China for instance, few
26、 youngsters like or understand “Peking Opera”, the quintessence of Chinese culture; they go for Hollywood movies and rock music instead. Moreover, in the process of globalization, the world is getting less linguistically diverse, as a growing number of people give up their native language for the do
27、minant language in the world - English.(文化原则/引证法) (名词性从句及定语计数:2)From my point of view, both arguments are the true reflections of the possible consequences of an increasing economic and cultural interaction among nations. It boosts economic integration and speeds up modernization but also creates te
28、nsions between a global culture and a countrys national identity. Therefore, we should take the initiative in fighting to protect our distinct culture and identity from being submerged by other cultural or economic influences. (名词性从句及定语计数:0),名词性从句计数: 4句.其中宾语从句2句,定语从句2句. 观点计数: 正方两点;反方两点 意思的表达主要依靠动词词组
29、及非谓语动词的使用,以及状语从句.,Nowadays, international tourism is one of the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, it creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 题目类型: 观点分析型 关键点: (引)international tourism; (论) tension vs. under
30、standing. 解题方向: 最好还是对称型而非一边倒. 用一边倒的写法对思路的获取及论证的把握要求较高. 本范文另辟奚径,用一边倒手法论述,可学习一下其写作技巧.,The booming tourist trade has brought about mass exchange of population between different nations. (背景介绍) At first glance, this bridges the understanding and communication between different cultures (引出题目某一方观点,看似表示同意
31、). In my opinion (但话锋一转,引出作者的真正立场), however, this fast-growing industry has produced tension between people from different cultural background. (改写所选取立场的原句) (从句计数: 0)The first barrier for curious tourists from all over the world is the problem of language. The most attractive destinations of tourism
32、 are, ironically, less developed areas (定语从句) where the world language - English, has not been prevalent. Therefore, the direct contact between tourists and local residents has been cut down. The tour guide, normally interpreter too, becomes the only link of communication. But unfortunately, as indi
33、cated in any guide-training handbook, the responsibility of a tour guide is to arouse the tourists interest and passion rather than present a lecture on cultural difference. Thus, tourists, beyond their expectations, cannot fully understand the cultures (定语从句) which appears to be exotic.,Another obs
34、tacle is from the local government. As I argue before, in most of case, the local refers to the less developed regions. In order to attract foreign investment and maintain the local tourism industry, the officials, deliberately or not, only hope to show outsiders the positive side of the area, hence
35、, the part of local living. As a result, conducted tours are carefully censored. The tourists, or prisoners to some extent, are allowed to see only (宾语从句) what the organizers want them to see and no more. A window-shop schedule gives no opportunity to wander off on ones own. In this way, even for a
36、knowledgeable traveler with practical experience can only see the superficial of the local culture. If so, an instant misunderstanding will be falsely shaped. All things considered, the international tourism contributes absolutely nothing to increasing understanding. Instead, in its way as it is tod
37、ay, a hideous prejudice and misinterpretation will be established.,从句计数:3个,1个宾语从句,两个定语从句; 观点计数: 仅有2个, 一个是导游的局限性,没能够完整详尽地介绍不同地方文化的差别;一个是地方政府的粉饰导致游客只能看到政府希望他们所看到的东西. 由此可见:观点不在乎多,如果能深入论证的话, 两个观点足以撑起一篇议论文. 而且很重要的一点, 虽然上文的观点有其很明显的漏洞, 但一定要牢记, 雅思考的不是观点正确与否,而是你的观点能不能很好被你的论证所支持. 所以可能的话,应该多用一些论证上的技巧:比如列举法,举例法
38、,引证法等等.,实战演练,2009年1月10日 Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having an opposite effect. Discuss these points of view. What is your opinion?2009年2月7日 Rich countries often give financial
39、 aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty, so rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,2009年2月12日 Development in technology causes environmental problems. Some people believe the solut
40、ion in these problems is everyone accepts a simpler way of life, while others say that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年2月21日 Some think that these environmental problems are too big for individuals to be solved, while others think that individuals cannot solve these environmental problems unless they make some action. Discuss both views and give your opinion.,
