1、雅思主流写作题型之 利弊讨论型,组合作文法-审题（topic interpretation） This kind of argumentative essay requires clear thinking, preparation, and a concise (non-waffly) writing style. 目前雅思主流写作4题型 A. Argumentation （观点辩论型）(1) 利弊题（Advantages or disadvantages） (2) 两种/多种选择权衡题（TWO options） (3) 观点判断题（opinions/ comments）BDiscussio
2、n（事实讨论型） Introduction a hot issue (Introduction, first paragraph); find out possible explanations (depends, second paragraph); analyze its impact on society (detailed, both sides, third para) ; suggest feasible approaches to it (corresponding to previous).,表现形式,Do you think its advantages outweigh d
3、isadvantages? Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? Do you think it is positive or negative situation? It has positive or negative effect on ? Discuss both advantages and disadvantages.,真题示例,2006.1.14 There are social, medical, and technical problems associated with the
4、 use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?2006.2.11In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?2006.2.25More and more measur
5、es to improve the security in the urban area have been introduced because of the increased crime. Do the benefits of the measures outweigh the drawbacks?2006.5 .20The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages
6、?,2009年1月17日 Today, people can work and live in anywhere they want, because of the improvement of communication technology and transport. Do advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?2009年3月14日 More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education. Do you
7、think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it?,2009年4月4日 Nowadays，people live in the society where consumer goods are cheaper to buy. Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages?2009年5月30日 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources in many countries, but in some
8、countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) are encouraged. To what extent do you think it is a positive or negative development?2009年6月11日 The food travels thousands of miles from farm to consumer. Some people think it would be better to our environment and eco
9、nomy if people only ate local produced food. What extend does the advantage outweigh disadvantage?,利弊类题型审题小结,该类题目通常也以某一即定事实/现象为分析基础, 但由于该趋势/现象的原因讨论不是很有必要,转而只分析其利弊(其实就是正面或者负面的影响分析), 所以本质和事实讨论型题目是一样的,只是解题方向不同.事实讨论型通常需要剖析原因,而利弊型通常不用; 事实讨论型分析影响时有指向(比如直接说问某社会现象/趋势会产生什么问题即等于指明要分析负面影响), 而利弊型通常是正反两面都要分析; 事实
10、讨论型分析的影响有时会有限定对象,比如个人或/和社会, 利弊型通常不会限定该影响对象, 但个人/社会还是可以成为分析利弊的不同切入点.由于该题型讨论开展的基础同为即定事实/现象,因此利弊类话题可以很容易被转化为事实讨论型问题(原因影响对策),反之亦然. 但一切以题目要求为准.,2009年4月4日 Nowadays，people live in the society where consumer goods are cheaper to buy. Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages? (没有分析原因的必要,故而只讨论该趋势的利弊
11、影响) 2009年5月30日 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources in many countries, but in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) are encouraged. To what extent do you think it is a positive or negative development?(可转换为事实讨论型:给出替代能源使用日益普遍这一现象,
12、分析替代能源使用日益普及的原因及其影响) 2009年6月11日 The food travels thousands of miles from farm to consumer. Some people think it would be better to our environment and economy if people only ate local produced food. To what extent does the advantage outweigh disadvantage? (严格地说这是一个混合型题目,因为它夹杂了一个现象和就这个现象的一个相关观点. 所以又带
13、点观点判断题的特征. 不过题目不要求对观点直接进行对错与否的评判,而还是侧重在利弊分析上. 不过此时的利弊分析是建立在与现实对立的观点基础上的利弊分析.),利弊讨论型必背词汇,Advantage Pros Benefit Merit Positive side Good news Strenth/strong point boon,Disadvantage Cons Drawback Problem Negative side Bad news Weakness/weak point bane,利弊讨论型常用句型,表语从句 The biggest advantage/disadvantage
14、for is that 同位语从句 We should be aware of the merit/problem that ,解题步骤一：审题,相对观点判断题容易。 题干：通常是一个常见社会/生活现象而不是观点 注意：这类题目重心是分析利弊，而不是询问原因。题目另有规定除外。,解题步骤二：分析利弊,依然使用六大原则对该现象进行利弊分析,解题步骤三：段落安排,第一段：介绍背景，引出现象，可适当地对原因加以说明（不需很详细） 第二段：利1到2个； 第三段：弊1到2个(如果能论得很透的话,利弊各一也可)； 第四段：总结，说明利大于弊或弊大于利。,引言段示例1,利弊型题目同事实讨论型一样, 可用一两
15、句简单进行背景介绍. 接着再改写题目表达. 最后说:有利有弊;或说的利大于弊或弊大于利. (当然利弊孰大的观点可以留在最后总结段点明. 例如: 2009年3月14日 More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education. Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? 引言段: (参看基础 P97) 第一句: 背景说明:Peoples living standards has improved ov
16、er the years and many parents tend to pay more attention to their childrens education. 第二句: 引出话题(改写原题)Therefore, an increasing number of young people choose to go abroad to pursue their higher education. 第三句: 点明立场: Frankly speaking, studying overseas has both its advantages and disadvantages.,引言段示例2
17、,2006.1.14 There are social, medical, and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones? 引言段: (原创) 第一句: 背景介绍 With the improvement of peoples living standards as well as the advancement of te
18、chnology, various kinds of machines or instruments are playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. For example, mobile phones are so widely used that we cannot imagine our life without them. 第二句: 引出话题(改写原句) However, the prevalent use of mobile phones also causes myriads of social, medi
19、cal, and technical problems. 第三句: 点明立场 Yet in spite of their drawbacks, I have to say mobiles phones is more helpful than harmful in our everyday life. 87w,引言段演练1,2006.2.11In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects
20、 on the society? 引言段演练 第一句:背景介绍 With the improvement of living standards as well as the advancement of medical technology, regular people can live a much longer life than ever before. 第二句: 引出话题(改写原句) Therefore, many countries have witnessed a steady increase in the percentage of population of senior
21、 citizens. 第三句:点明立场 This trend, of course, has both positive and negative impacts on the society. 57w,引言段演练2,2009年5月30日 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources in many countries, but in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) are enco
22、uraged. To what extent do you think it is a positive or negative development? 引言段演练:,引言段演练3,2009年5月30日 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources in many countries, but in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) are encouraged. To what e
23、xtent do you think it is a positive or negative development?As the global population expands and economies around the world continue to grow, there has been an increasing/surging demand for all sources of fuels. As a matter of fact, fossil fuels are so important in our contemporary world, their cons
24、umption accounts for more than half of the worlds fuel demand in total. But some countries are attaching greater importance to the use of alternative sources of energy nowadays and are increasing the use of them year by year. Speaking of this trend, I believe that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages. (95w),
