1、2011 年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, , C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The dec
2、ision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tomm
3、asini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。2009 年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who
4、 had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。 ” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to h
5、ave struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。然而，这次任命还是令人意外。原因之一在于吉乐伯特名声相对较小。就连那时主张雇用吉尔伯特的托姆西尼，也称吉尔伯特其貌不扬，缺乏一位令人敬仰的指挥大师的气质。作为对这个很牛的管弦乐队（牛的表现：到目前为止一直被牛人领导着）下一任指挥家的描述，这种描述跟虚浮的赞扬一样，确实会令至少一部分泰晤士报的读者觉得愕然不解（让他们觉得不可思议） 。For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a goo
6、d one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music
7、 from iTunes。就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问 Avery Fisher Hall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所） ，或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。 （作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。 ）我所做的，只需要到我的 CD 棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从 ITUNES 上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。Devoted concertgoers who reply that recording
8、s are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classic
9、al musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus br
10、ought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。对于唱片，那些专门参加音乐会的人会说，现场表演是不可替代的。他们显然忽视了一个要点。为了替音乐爱好者节省时间、精力、金钱考虑，古典乐曲表演表不仅要在各种表演场所进行竞争，还要在记录这些行为的媒介上竞争。记在唱片上的表演比现场表演更便宜，更易得，甚至质量更好。而且它们的消费时间地点可以任由听者选择。因此，这种唱片的广泛应用，给传统音乐会带来了生存危机。One possible response is for classical performe
11、rs to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization。 ” But wh
12、at will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片
13、上听不到的曲子。吉尔伯特在新音乐方面投入了自己的兴趣，这已广被人知：如古典音乐评论家罗斯就把吉尔伯特描述成一个可以扭转交响乐方向的人，认为他把交响乐带进了一个明显不同的更有活力的天地。但是，这种“不同”的实质是什么呢？仅仅扩展交响乐的节目是不够的。吉尔伯特和交响乐要想取得成功，必须首先改变美国旧的管弦乐和它们想吸引的新的听众之间的关系。21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism。raised suspicion。Creceived acclaim 。Daroused curiosity。22
14、. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential 。modest。Crespectable。Dtalented。23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances。reject most kinds of recorded performances。Cexaggerate the variety of live performances。Doverestimate the value of
15、 live performances。24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality。They are easily accessible to the general public。CThey help improve the quality of music。DThey have only covered masterpieces 。25. Regarding Gilberts role i
16、n revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful。enthusiastic。Cconfident 。Dpuzzled。Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he
17、 was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company。 ” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.当列姆麦克杰八月份从美国银行任上离职时，他的解
18、释确实令人意外。与通常会用的模糊理由不同的是，他直率地说，他离开是为了找一家公司当管理者，而那是他一向就有的追求。他说，作出这一选择纯属个人原因。两周之内，他与哈佛财务服务集团的董事会实现了首次会谈，这一集团在 9 月 29 日聘他担任 CEO。McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his asp
19、irations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A tur
20、bulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations。麦克杰说，他离开时并没有确定的目标，这使他得以思考自己究竟想管理什么样的公司。这同时也可以让他向外界展示自己的魄力。无独有偶（并不只有他才有这种雄心） 。最近几周，雅芳公司和美国联邦快递公司的第二执行官都离开自己的公司，他们的解释都是想当CEO。由于股东施压，董事会需要审查继承人方案，还没有被准许离开的这几位执行官肯定希望事情早点出来结果。商业环境复杂异常，这使
21、得高级经理人员不愿用模糊的声明来损害自己的名声。As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the econom
22、y picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。随着经济开始出现复苏的迹象，这些希望离任者可能在还没有找到下家时就跳槽。根据“登记册”研究机构的报告，在第三季度，CEO 营业额从一年前开始下降了 23%，把那些紧跟在这些领导人身后的董事会也弄得神经兮兮。由于经济复苏，那些有抱负的领导人将大有机会。The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunt
23、ers have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。 ”放弃高级职位去寻找更好的职位，这种决定是非同寻常的，过去可不常见。多年来，执行官和猎头
24、们都坚持认为，最好的 CEO 候选人需要去挖别人的墙角才能得到（而不是那些主动离开原岗位的人） 。某某猎头说，当董事会还没有委托我先去找一个还在任上的 CEO 时，我不能去考虑那些我在网上一搜就有的人。Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head
25、 of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later。那些没有工作去向就跳槽的人不会总是很快找到理想岗位。十年前爱伦马拉姆从 T 公司领导人的位子上退下，也是为了当一个 CEO。一年前她才成为一家小型电子交易所的领导人。罗伯特在 2005 年为了当 CEO 而离开，
26、他最终在一家重要的财务机构找到这种工作是在三年之后。Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunt
27、er. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long。 ”许多招聘人表示，对于那些最好的演员来说，旧的耻辱正在淡忘。财务危机使得在两个工作机会之间进行选择或者离开更坏的工作这样的行为变得可以接受。 “传统规则是，最好呆在你原来的地方，但现在这种规则被从根本上颠覆了。 ” 一个猎头说， “在一个地方呆得越久，就越容易受损。 ”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant
28、。frank。Cself-centered。Dimpulsive。27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status。their need to reflect on their private life。Ctheir strained relations with the boards。Dtheir pursuit of new career goals。28. The word “poached” (Li
29、ne 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of。attended to。Chunted for。Dguarded against。29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts。loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated。Ctop performers care more about reputations。Dits safer to stick t
30、o the traditional rules。30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?CEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditi
31、onal “paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with
32、 its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media。在过去，销售成功的基本法则是：种瓜得瓜，一分耕耘一分收获。现在不同了。传统的付出方式（媒介，指企业付钱给电视台做广告或者报社做报刊广告）电视购物和印刷广告虽然仍占主要地位，但是现在的企业可以开发出更多的替代这些媒介的形式。对产品有热情的用户可能通过给在自己网站上注册的顾客发关于产品和商品的电邮的提醒，来建立自己的媒介。这样用户现在接近了广阔的媒介因素，这些因素超越了传统的付费媒介。Paid
33、 and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web
34、site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotel
35、s and will no doubt go further. Johnson yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake。当然，在美国周刊与人这样的杂志上所提供的“社会名流父母亲”现象是不切实际的。特别是当“父母亲”是布鲁克这样的单身母亲时更是如此。多项研究表明，有孩子的父母很少比没有孩子的夫妇更快乐，而单亲家庭中的家长烦愁尤甚。这并不奇怪，因为一个人养一个孩子实在太麻烦了。然而，你看看桑德拉和
36、布列尼说的话：自己“一个人”养孩子，其实非常简单。 （她们当然觉得简单了，因为她们是在周围人全天候的帮助下养着孩子的。 ）Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every
37、week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston。当然，要说很多人傻头傻脑地生
38、育孩子，只是因为里斯和安格丽娜这种名流使这种行为看上去显得诱人，这也是不可能的多数成年人其实理解：养孩子可不是像做个发型那么简单。但是这确实是一件很有趣的值得反思的事情：我们每周看的“轻松快乐做父母”的杂志封面，并不是通过潜意识的方式里让我们对（没有孩子的）现实经历不满，而是这些图片在潜意识中让我们有那种想成为雷切尔的心理，但实际上却使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗亚尼斯顿。 （大约指雷切尔养孩子显得潇洒，而詹尼弗生养孩子显得狼狈。 ）36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bringAtemporary
39、 delightBenjoyment in progressChappiness in retrospectDlasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 thatAcelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip。Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention。Cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining。Dhaving children is highly valued by the publ
40、ic。38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folksAare constantly exposed to criticism。Bare largely ignored by the media。Cfail to fulfill their social responsibilities 。Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life。39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
41、Asoothing。Bambiguous。Ccompensatory。Dmisleading。40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?AHaving children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms。BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing 。CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction w
42、ith life。DWe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing。Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragr
43、aphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it take
44、s to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees。B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sty
45、le: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult t
46、o agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue。C Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply to
47、o few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelors degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of
48、 theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained。D One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional educa
49、tion should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification。E Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The
