1、2016年 6月四级考试真题(第三套)Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 wordsPart Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：2016
2、 年 6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanksYou are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passageRead the
3、 passage through carefully before making your choicesEach choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreYou may not use any of the words in the bank more than oncePhysical activity does the body
4、good，and theres growing evidence that it helps the brain tooResearchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized testsIn a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28，
5、investigators found that the more children movedthe better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math，English and reading The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgetsThe arguments
6、against physical education have includedconcerns that gym time may be taking away from study timeWith standardized test scores in the US31 in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playgroundBut as these findings show,exercise and
7、 academics may not be 32 exclusivePhysical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory,attention and creativity,which are34 to learningAnd exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress，which can also help learningSo while it may seem as if kids are just exercising t
8、heir bodies when they，re running around， they may actually be exercising their brains as wellAattendance Bconsequently Ccurrent DdepressingEdropping Fessential Gfeasible HflowImood Jmutually Kparticularly LperformanceM review Nsurvive OtendSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a
9、passage with ten statements attached to itEach statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than onceEach paragraph is marked with a letterAnswer the questions by marking the corresponding le
10、tter on Answer Sheet 2Finding the Right Homeand Contentment，TooA When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of longterm care facility-a moment few parents or children approach without fear-what you would like is to have everything made clearB Does assisted living really mark a great improve
11、ment over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers?Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)?Can doing ones homework really steer families to the best places?It is genuinely hard to knowC I am about to make things more complicat
12、ed by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumedAnd that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move inI am not talking about
13、the quality of care，let me hastily addNobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety recordBut an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents doD The mos
14、t recent of these studies，published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes)Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Cent
15、er asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilitiesE “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types， ”said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison，an associate p
16、rofessor of medicine at the universityA reasonable assumption-dont families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they cant?F In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive pictureThey were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in th
17、e other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonelyThey scored higher on social interactionG But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappearedIt is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residentsresponses “It is the c
18、haracteristics of the specific environment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status， ”DrRobison explainedWhether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significantH
19、An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing homeA person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small r
20、esidential care home，other factors being equalIt is an interaction between the person and the place， not the sort of place in itself,that leads to better or worse experiences ”You cant just say,Lets put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing homeshe will be much better off,”DrRo
21、bison saidWhat matters，she added， “is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there ”I Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced beforeIn a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of v
22、ariables-the facilitys type， size or age； whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was-had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortalityWhat mattered most was the residentsphysical health and mental statusWhat
23、people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were thereJ As l was considering all this，a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursin
24、g home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members areAs a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the fivestar ones(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequ
25、ent post)K Before we collectively tear our hair outhow are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?一here is a thought from DrPhilip Sloane，a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way,that could be liberating for families ”L Of course，sons and daughters want
26、to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their dutiesBut perhaps they dont have to tum themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are goin
27、g to be happy,”DrSloane saidAnd involving the future resident in the process can be very importantM We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happinessThey have their ideas，tooA friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted livingnursing home near my townI have se
28、en this placeit is elegant，inside and outBut nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residentsWhen they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a tableN The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there
29、，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facilityBased on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision36Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing for their parents37Though it helps for chil
30、dren to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decisionmaking process may prove very important38It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home39How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in40T
31、he author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home41The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place42At first the researchers of the most recent study fo
32、und residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction43What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think 44The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multistate study of assisted living45A residents satisfaction with
33、a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed thereSection CDirections：There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A)，
34、B ，Cand D You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passageAs Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that rob
35、ots could become a threatThis danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable codeRussell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，its necessary to translate our morals into AI languageFor example，
36、if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values， ”said RussellSome robots are already programmed with basic human valuesFor example，mobile robots have been
37、 programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humansObviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldnt think thats the kind of thing a properly broughtup person would doIt will be possible to create more soph
38、isticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rulesRobots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behaviorThey are dangerous only if programmers are carelessThe biggest concern with robots going against human values is that
39、 human beings fail to do sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌 )One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situationIf the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable
40、 for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps(嘟嘟声)，and ask for directions from a humanIf we humans arent quite sure about a decisionWe go and ask somebody elseThe most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral，and how to create a set of
41、 ethical rulesBut if we come up with an answer,robots could be good for humanity46What does the author say about the threat of robots?AIt may constitute a challenge to computer programmersBIt accompanies all machinery involving high technologyCIt Can be avoided if human values are translated into th
42、eir languageDIt has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated47What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?AThey are aggressive BThey are outgoingCThey are ignorant DThey are illbred48How do robots learn human values?ABy interacting w
43、ith humans in everyday life situationsBBy following the daily routines of civilized human beingsCBy picking up patterns from massive data on human behaviorDBy imitating the behavior of properly broughtup human beings49What will a wellprogrammed robot do when facing an unusual situation?AKeep a dista
44、nce from possible dangers BStop to seek advice from a human beingCTrigger its builtin alarm system at once DDo sufficient testing before taking action 50What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?ADetermine what is moral and ethical BDesign some largescale experi
45、mentsCSet rules for manmachine interaction DDevelop a more sophisticated programPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passageWhy do some people live to be older than others?You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc。But what effect
46、does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100The study
47、shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less，neurotic(神经质的)than other peopleLong living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life spanThese findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory
48、：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough timesInterestingly,however,other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longerThose who were more self-disciplined，for instance,were no more likely to live to be very oldAlso，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their waysWhether you can
