1、2016 年 6 月四级考试真题 (第 三 套 ) Part Writing (30 minutes) Directions： Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明： 2016 年 6 月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。 Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions： ， Physical activity does the body good， and theres grow
2、ing evidence that it helps the brain too Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise， whether at school or on their own 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28， investigators f
3、ound that the more children moved the better their grades were in school， 29 in the basic subjects of math， English and reading The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets The arguments against phy
4、sical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time With standardized test scores in the U S 31 in recent years， some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground But as these findings show,exercise and acad
5、emics may not be 32 exclusive Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain， fueling memory,attention and creativity,which are34 to learning And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress， which can also help learning So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising t
6、heir bodies when they， re running around， they may actually be exercising their brains as well A attendance B consequently C current D depressing E dropping F essential G feasible H flow I mood J mutually K particularly L performance M review N survive O tend Section B Directions： ， Finding the Righ
7、t Home and Contentment， Too A When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long term care facility-a moment few parents or children approach without fear-what you would like is to have everything made clear B Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home， or has
8、the industry simply hired better interior designers?Are nursing homes as bad as people fear， or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法 )?Can doing ones homework really steer families to the best places?It is genuinely hard to know C I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what ki
9、nd of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in I am not talking about the quality of care， let me
10、 hastily add Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do D The most recent of these studi
11、es， published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology， surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living， nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes) Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the reside
12、nts a large number of questions about their quality of life， emotional well-being and social interaction， as well as about the quality of the facilities E “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types， ”said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison， an associate professor of med
13、icine at the university A reasonable assumption-dont families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they cant? F In the initial results， assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other fac
14、ilities， for instance， and less likely to be bored or lonely They scored higher on social interaction G But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables， such differences disappeared It is not the housing type， they found， that creates differences in residentsresponses “It is the char
15、acteristics of the specific environment they are in， combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are， their age and marital status， ”Dr Robison explained Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant
16、H An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health， therefore， might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a sm
17、all residential care home， other factors being equal It is an interaction between the person and the place， not the sort of place in itself,that leads to better or worse experiences ”You cant just say,Lets put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing homeshe will be much better of
18、f,”Dr Robison said What matters， she added， “is a combination of what people bring in with them， and what they find there ” I Such findings， which run counter to common sense， have surfaced before In a multi-state study of assisted living， for instance， University of North Carolina researchers found
19、 that a host of variables-the facilitys type，size or age； whether a chain owned it； how attractive the neighborhood was-had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness， mental decline， hospitalizations or mortality What mattered most was the residentsphysical health an
20、d mental status What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there J As l was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk， announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help
21、 families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are As a matter of fact， consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities， the lowest rated， than with the fivestar ones (More on this study and the star rat
22、ings will appear in a subsequent post ) K Before we collectively tear our hair outhow are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?一 here is a thought from Dr Philip Sloane， a geriatrician(老年病学专家 )at the University of North Carolina：“In a way,that could be liberating for families ”
23、L Of course， sons and daughters want to visit the facilities， talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their duties But perhaps they dont have to tum themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees “Families can look a bi
24、t more for where the residents are going to be happy,”Dr Sloane said And involving the future resident in the process can be very important M We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness They have their ideas， too A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assi
25、sted living nursing home near my town I have seen this placeit is elegant， inside and out But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived， though the visit had been planned； nobody introduced them to the other residents When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table N
26、The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there， and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility Based on what is emerging from some of this research， that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision 36 Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other
27、than a nursing for their parents 37 Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities， involving their parents in the decision making process may prove very important 38 It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home 39 How a resident feels depends on an in
28、teraction between themselves and the care facility they live in 40 The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home 41 The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a sa
29、tisfactory place 42 At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction 43 What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think 44 The findings of the latest research were similar to an
30、earlier multistate study of assisted living 45 A residents satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there Section C Directions： ， ， Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage As
31、Artificial Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly sophisticated， there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code Russell argues that as ro
32、bots take on more complicated tasks， its necessary to translate our morals into AI language For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，
33、”said Russell Some robots are already programmed with basic human values For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans Obviously there are cultural differences， but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space， you w
34、ouldnt think thats the kind of thing a properly broughtup person would do It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines， if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior T
35、hey are dangerous only if programmers are careless The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌 ) One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct cour
36、se of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave， it has the opportunity to stop， send out beeps(嘟嘟声 )， and ask for directions from a human If we humans arent quite sure about a decision We go and ask somebody e
37、lse The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral， and how to create a set of ethical rules But if we come up with an answer,robots could be good for humanity 46 What does the author say about the threat of robots? A It may constitute a challenge to
38、computer programmers B It accompanies all machinery involving high technology C It Can be avoided if human values are translated into their language D It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated 47 What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according t
39、o the author? A They are aggressive B They are outgoing C They are ignorant D They are ill bred 48 How do robots learn human values? A By interacting with humans in everyday life situations B By following the daily routines of civilized human beings C By picking up patterns from massive data on huma
40、n behavior D By imitating the behavior of properly broughtup human beings 49 What will a wellprogrammed robot do when facing an unusual situation? A Keep a distance from possible dangers B Stop to seek advice from a human being C Trigger its builtin alarm system at once D Do sufficient testing befor
41、e taking action 50 What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code? A Determine what is moral and ethical B Design some largescale experiments C Set rules for manmachine interaction D Develop a more sophisticated program Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the
42、 following passage Why do some people live to be older than others?You know the standard explanations： keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise， etc。 But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿 )?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives?A new study in the J
43、ournal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100 The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing， more active and less， neurotic(神经质的 )than other people Longliving
44、 women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times Interest
45、ingly,however,other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer Those who were more self-disciplined， for instance,were no more likely to live to be very old Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life
46、， which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate But the new paper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as pos
47、sible Unfortunately,another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help determine your longevity That study looked at nearly 28， 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets Patterns
48、of childhood eating can be hard to break when were adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger Personality isnt destiny(命运 )， and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of ,your mental health 51 The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is A to see whether peoples personality affects their life span B to find out if ones lifest
