1、英汉翻译之分译法,Division in E-C Translation,英语重形,汉语重意,英语造句多用形合法（hypotaxis),汉语造句多用意合法（parataxis),英语主要以词汇为纽带，汉语主要以逻辑为纽带；英语造句主要借助连词、关系代词等形式骨架，汉语造句主要凭借隐含的逻辑将句子的各个部分统一起来。,Leamas guessed she must have been briefed to take that way and that she were followed by another car.利马斯心想，一定有人想她交代过走这条路，后面还有一辆车跟随。,原文包括一个主句和
2、两个从句，主句和从句有连接代词that 沟通，两个宾语从句有并列连词and 联合，第一个宾语从句之前省略了that。,译文用三个逗号将三层意思隔开，主次关系包含其中。,A单词的分译将原文中的一个单词分离出来单独译为汉语的一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个以上的汉语单句。可能进行分译的单词有： (1)形容词,3.He is having an identifiable trouble with his teeth.他正患牙病，这是大家都看得出来的。 4.The day dawned misty and overcast.那天天亮时雾气很重，天上布满乌云。,EXE,5.As a shy youn
3、g visitor to Einsteins home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,” I have something to show you.”小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作客，由于我很腼腆，他就对我说：“我有样东西给你看。”于是我便感到不拘束了。,(2)副词 6.Frankly, are you interested in going?你说实话，有兴趣吗？,Paradoxically, though they are the providers of food to the remaining mankind and cons
4、titute lifeline for the urban dwellers, yet the interests of inhabitants in many rural areas continue to be consigned to revolting neglect.尽管他们生产粮食养活了世界的另一部分人，维系着城镇居民的生命线，然而，许多农业人口的利益至今仍继续遭受令人厌恶的冷漠忽视。说起来荒谬，但这却是事实。,EXE 8. Characterically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 哈罗德
5、先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。这是他的性格。 7.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.那些受到表扬的人进步显著，这是不足为怪的。,The Counselor for Commercial Affairs of China Embassy and the representative of import and export corporations, economic and technical corporation exercise their functions and power
6、 abroad under the leadership of Ministry for Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of China.在国外，中国使馆商务参赞及进出口公司经济和技术公司的代表在中国对外经济贸易部的领导下行使职权。,（3）动词 9.We recognize and share Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国家寻求建立全球霸权和
7、地区霸权的企图，我们也有这样的决心。,EXE,The year 2008 began-and ended-with an unusual oil crisis: fears that the price of crude oil would not go up but down.2008年新年伊始，就存在着一种异乎寻常的石油危机：人们担心原油价格要下降，而不是上扬。这一年结束的时候，情况依然如此。,（4）名词 10.She left home a child and came back a mother of three children. 离家时她还是个孩子，回来时已是三个孩子的妈妈了。,E
8、XE,He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrase.他认为习语是语言的支柱，因此特别主张用生动活泼的短语。这种看法是很有道理的。,11.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是一个非常理想的地方
9、；因为它地处边陲，人们不容易了解其中的活动。,B短语分译 将原文中的一个短语译为一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。可能进行分译的短语有：（1）分词短语,12.He was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。这个9岁的男孩看上去病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。,EXE,13.He handed me my draft of the plan completely modified. 他把我的计划草案交还了我，内容全改动
10、了。,（2）介词短语 14.The fire started during the workmens dinner hour. 工人们吃饭时，发生了火灾。 15.With all his faults, I like him. 尽管他有种种缺点，我还是喜欢他。,EXE,The popular reaction to the debt problem particularly in the United States, was try to punish the banks for having lent money to developing countries rather than to
11、neighborhood companies.一般人对债务问题的反应是试图惩罚这些银行，责怪它们把钱借给了发展中国家，而不是本地的公司。在美国，情况尤其如此。,（3）名词短语 16.Alice, normally a timid girl, argued heatedly with them about it.阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也和他们热烈地辩论起来。,EXE,17.You should consult your advisor, Dr. John H. Olson, Room 125D Science Wing, Phone 715 232-2604, concerning th
12、e planning of your program. 你应找你的指导教师约翰.H.奥尔森博士商量你的计划。他在理科侧楼125D房间，电话是715232-2604。,长句分译,分析语法结构理清主句从句间逻辑语义关系再按时间逻辑顺序安排,C, 将较长的一句分译为数句。Her boyfriend has recently returned home from Long land and he told her of the house where he was boarded, and lodged, a red-tiled bungalow, on a little hill, over-loo
13、king the blue sea, with a large, shady garden behind it.他的男友刚从长岛回家不久。他跟她谈起了那座供他食宿的房子。那是一幢坐落在小山上的红瓦平房，俯视着蓝色的大海，房后还有一个绿树成荫的花园。,食，宿,红瓦平房,长岛（地名）,A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must
14、 search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her bodys needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿,在11 月份怀胎,5 月底或6 月初生下两只幼鹿,这时她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量,这不仅是为了满足自身的需要,而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁.,幼鹿,The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that
15、he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat , which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于昨天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。,众议院,They would have had to live the rest of thei
16、r lives under the stigma that he had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war. 他们可能已不得不蒙着一种臭名而终其余生，这个臭名就是：他曾贸然采取了一项行动，这项行动破坏了最高级会谈，并且可以设想，还可能已触发一场核战争。,Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those fo
17、rms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory , so that they should be more in turn with the changing times , and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function , will find spiritual kinship,observing Borro
18、minis building.旧艺术形式在许多方面似乎不能令我们满意,这就有待于我们去变革这种形式以便更好地跟上变化多端的时代步伐,任何考虑参加这项工作的人,任何用勇于为新材料和新建筑功能探索新表现形式的人,观察一下博罗里尼的建筑,都会发现精神上的血缘关系.,畏缩,博罗里尼（著名建筑家）,The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be
19、produced by spending their money in the market place for those goods and services that they want most. 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定应该生产什么。,D,将一词分译成不同表达方式：The magazine was ably and eloquently conducted, and the general tenor of its articles was to urge onward the
20、 national economy.这家杂志经营得宜，立论令人信服，文章的主旨是促进国民经济的发展。EXE:,善辩地,The endless interference in the oversea affairs strained the American administrations principles as well as its budgets.无休止的干预海外事务，不仅使美国政府的原则立场无法自圆其说，而且使其预算捉襟见肘。Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food
21、 and beer.一些美国人匆匆越过边界，只是为了吃点可口的墨西哥食品，喝点味美的墨西哥啤酒。,Assignments:,1.It is obvious that his period in office was marked by step rise in his countrys oil revenue and the beginning of a social-political crisis brought out by wide-scale misuse of the 22 billion a year earning from oil. 2.No city could lay s
22、tronger claim than Taian, the birthplace of everlasting Chinese sage-philosopher, Kung-fu Tse, who reigned supreme in the world of knowledge and academic pragmatism for over 2,000 years, and whose wisdom and teaching forged the intellectual excellence and foresight with pragmatic realism, bequeathing mankind an unrivaled treasure of knowledge.,Key,1.他执政期间有两个特点：一是该国的石油收入猛增；二是由于滥用每年220亿美元的石油收入而开始形成政治危机。这是显而易见的 2.泰安市最有资格入选的城市，因为它是中国万古长存的先哲和思想家孔夫子的诞生地。孔子的思想在知识领域和学术实践中矩至高无上的统治地位长达两千年。孔子的智慧和教诲以实际的现实主义锤炼了卓越才智和远见卓识，为人类留下了无与伦比的知识宝藏。,
