1、第三部分 句法翻译,一、换序译法 二、断句译法 三、转句译法 四、合句译法 五、缩句译法 六、转态译法 七、正反译法,一、换序译法,1) Its good youre so considerate. 你想得这样周到是很好的。（这是很好的你想得这样周到。）（主语从句换序） 2) Formerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer. 他过去是工人，现在当了工程师了。（以前的工人，他是现在一个工程师。）（同位语换序） 3) On and on Byron talked. (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War) 拜伦滔滔不绝地讲述
2、着。（滔滔不绝地拜伦讲述着。）（状语换序）,4) 发生了这样的事不是你的错。Its not your fault that this has happened. （That this has happened is not your fault. 这样翻译过于正规，在文体上与原文不符。）（主语从句换序） 5) 她每天早上教我们学法语。She teaches us French every morning. （She every morning teaches us French.）（状语换序） 6) 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been wat
3、ching started to applaud. （The always watching pupils started to applaud.）（定语从句换序）,Heat from the sun comes to us by radiation. 太阳通过辐射给我们热量。 Soon there would be no Poland to guarantee! 波兰很快就不复存在了，还需要什么担保呢？ 注：原文的意思是“很快就没有波兰需要担保了”，不仅费解而且可能引起误解。译文把原文拆为两句，并且把感叹句大胆改为疑问句，原意豁然贯通。,As relations between China
4、and Australia develop, the continuing importance of expanding trade will be balanced by the development of close contact over a broad range of political issues. 随着中澳关系的发展，扩大贸易仍将是重要的，相应地还要在一系列广泛的政治问题上展开密切的联系。 注：译者恰当地把英语动词balance译成 “相应地”，同时，把主句译成汉语的并列句。,较为复杂的换序译法： He witnessed the sixth post-war econo
5、mic crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields in the USA. 他亲眼目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域的经济危机。 （英语原文定语的词序： 次第定语、 时间定语、 本质性定语、中心词、判断性定语、陈述性定语、国别定语；汉语译文定语的词序：国别定语、时间定语、次第定语、判断性定语、陈述性定语、本质性定语、中心词）,我们 为顾全大局 于同年 秋末 在第三方的调停下开诚布公地多次强烈要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失。 With the third party acting as an intermedia
6、ry, to take the interest of the whole into account, we strongly demanded with frankness and sincerity many times at the end of the autumn of the same year that you should compensate all our losses. （汉语原文状语的词序：主语、目的状语、时间状语中的年份、时间状语中的季节、条件状语、方式状语、频度状语、程度状语、谓语、宾语；英语译文状语的词序：条件状语、目的状语、主语、程度状语、谓语、方式状语、频度状
7、语、时间状语中的季节、时间状语中的年份、宾语）,二、断句译法,1) It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。/ 这一点是可以肯定的。（拆开名词从句） 2) Because the young man frequently came to the ladys house, he was regarded as the mistresss lover. 这个小伙子经常来到太太的家。因此，别人都以为他是这女主人的情人。（拆开状语从句） 3) After the war, his f
8、riend Kraemer got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid $ 10,000 a year. 大战结束后，他的朋友克莱摩介绍他到一所军事训练学校去任教，年薪一万美元。（拆开定语从句）,4) 这首歌并不曾继续多久，/ 就和笛声共同消失在黑暗里了。（巴金：家）The singing did not last very long. / Soon, together with the sound of the flute, it faded away in the darkness. （拆开状语从句
9、） 5) 自己既不肯动，他倒希望虎姑娘快快进屋去，或是命令他干点什么，/ 简直受不了这样的折磨，一种什么也不像而非常难过的折磨。（老舍：骆驼祥子）He didnt feel like moving, but wished Tigress would hurry back inside, or else give him some orders. / He simply couldnt stand this strain, which was unlike anything he had ever known, and quite unbearable. （拆开状语从句）,三、转句译法,1) A
10、 crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House. (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War) 轰隆几声雷响，从漆黑的天空哗啦啦下起大雨来。维克多亨利无法离开白宫。（主语转句） 2) After an hour, the trail took them by a low, spreading tree strung thickly with beads. (Alex
11、Haley, Roots) 走了一个时辰光景，他们走到了一棵矮矮的枝繁叶茂的树旁，树上密密麻麻地挂满了念珠。（定语转句） 3) I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller: The Story of My Life) 我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来。（状语转句）,4) 去年八月那场使七个国家遭受了极大损失的来势凶猛的龙卷风已经引起全球科学家的高度重视。The violent tornado that struck in August last year has aroused great attention among
12、 the scientists throughout the world. Seven countries suffered a great loss from the tornado. （定语转句） 5) 冬天，快过阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，余永泽从外面抱回了许多好吃的东西。（杨沫：青春之歌）It was winter. One snowy Sunday not long before the lunar New Year, Yongze came home loaded with parcels. （状语转句） 6) 他像大海捞针一样在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦。He searche
13、d for his golden dream in the pitch dark of the night. It was just like fishing for a needle in the ocean. （状语转句）,四、合句译法,1) Darkness fell. / An explosion shook the earth. / It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降落时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没动摇他上前线的决心。 2) That day, the President had an interview with he
14、r father. / Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle. 那天，总统会见了她的父亲，因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。 3) She is very busy at home. / She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，又要下厨。,4) 这贾菌亦系荣国府近派的重孙，/ 其母亦少寡，/ 独守着贾菌。（曹雪芹 ：红楼梦，第九回）Jia Jun was a great-great-grandson of the Duke
15、of Rongguo, and the only son of his mother who had been widowed early. 5) 笛声止了。/ 远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声。（巴金：家）The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter. 6) 讲动武，祥子不能打个老人，也不能打个姑娘。/ 他的力量没地方用。（老舍：骆驼祥子）It was impossible for Xiangzi to hit an old man or a woman, so there was nowhere for
16、 him to use his strength.,五、缩句译法,1) It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 一九四五年四月，第二次世界大战已接近尾声。（缩为状语） 2) She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。（缩为定语） 3) Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World
17、War. 她的父亲，二次大战中的一个杀人凶手，竟当上了这个城市的市长。（缩为同位语）,4) 黛玉又忙命倒茶，一面又使眼色与宝玉。宝玉会意，便走了出来。（曹雪芹：红楼梦，第五十二回）Daiyu ordered tea, glancing at Baoyu as she did so. Taking the hint, he went out of the room.（缩为状语） 5) 孔乙己着了慌，伸开五指将碟子罩住，弯腰下去说道，“不多了，我已经不多了。”（鲁迅：孔乙己）Growing flustered, he would cover the dish with his hand and b
18、ending forward from the waist would say, “There arent many left, not many at all.”（缩为状语） 6) 七月里的一个清晨，太阳刚出来。地里，苞米和高粱叶子上，抹上了金子的颜色。（周立波：暴风骤雨）Early one summer day, the golden rays of sunrise daubed the maize and sorghum fields in a bright yellow.（缩为定语）,六、转态译法,1) She hadnt been told Bettes other name, or
19、 shed forgotten it.（Jack Lindsay: Betrayed Spring） 人家没告诉过她蓓蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。 2) Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. 许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。 3) He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country. 他说，国务院向他
20、担保美国愿意同他的国家恢复正常关系。,4) 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。（周而复：上海的早晨）The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees. 5) 人生的道路虽然漫长，但紧要处常常只有几步，特别是当人年轻的时候。（柳青：创业史）Although the road of life is long, its most important sections are often covered in only a few steps, especially when a person is young. 6) 全国同胞们，中华人民共和国现已宣告成立
21、。（毛泽东选集第五卷）Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the Peoples Republic of China is proclaimed.,七、正反译法,原文：What they found will surprise no one who has a teen or is a teen or just remembers being a teen. 原译：对于任何一个青少年，或者曾经是青少年，再或已成为青少年父母的人来说，这次实验结果都不会令人吃惊。 改译：这一结果引起了那些青少年父母、青少年本人以及对青少年时期仍记忆犹新的人们的共鸣。,英译汉正转反
22、： 1) I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task. 我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。 2) He was absent from his own country last year. 他去年不在自己的国家里。 3) Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 你知道她为什么老是不想见到你？ 4) Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸。 5) Stop talking nons
23、ense! 别胡说八道！,英译汉反转正： 6) No smoking! 严禁吸烟！ 7) We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。 8) Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧。 9) He returned home with no hope on his face. 他满脸灰心绝望地回到了家。 10) The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time. 来自
24、莫斯科的列车将很快到达。,汉译英正转反： 11) 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 12) 她光着脚走进了房间。She came into the room with no shoes on. 13) 那个房间的窗门总是关着的。The windows of that room were never open. 14) 这个小孩现在完全能自己走路了。The child can walk without any help now. 15) 法
25、律面前，人人平等。Law is no respecter of persons.,汉译英反转正： 16) 他似乎想不出恰当的字眼来阐明自己的观点。He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaberate his opinion. 17) 他提前三天到达是我们没想到的。His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 18) 请勿大声喧哗。Keep quiet. 19) 还没到家，她就激动得不得了。She got extremely excited before
26、 she reached her home. 20) 毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in aviation and space industry in the last forty years.,在运用正反译法时，我们一定要注意正说与反说之间的语体变化。如 “禁止张贴”翻译成正说“Posters Forbidden”较正规，而翻译成反说“No Posters, Please”就较口语化；同样，“Posters Forbidden”翻译成正说“禁止张贴” 较正规，而翻译成反说“不许张贴”较口语化。又如“的的确确” 翻译成正说“indeed”较为口语化，而翻译成反说“it is beyond doubt that”则显得较正规；同样，“indeed” 翻译成正说“的的确确” 较口语化，而翻译成反说“毋庸置疑”则显得较正规。一般说来，正说显得较正规，反说较口语化。,
