1、1新编商务英语教案Unit 7Part I Pre-learningI . Aims for This UnitBy the end of this lesson, students should be able to:A. Know the cultural differences of body language.B. Understand how to make invitations and accept or refuse them.C. Masternumerical expressions (II). D. Grasp the words or phrases related t
2、o body language.II. Cultural BackgroundA. Body Language (身势语)Body language is a term used to describe peoples facial expressions, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages. It is very useful because it can help you make yourself easily understood. For example, waving one s hand is
3、 to say “Good bye“. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement. Different countries have different body language. For example, men in Russia, France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead of kissing. When yo
4、u use a foreign language, it is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country. Following the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more pleasant and comfortable.B. Non-verbal Communication（非言语交际）People have two ways of comm
5、unications: verbal communication(言语交际) and non-verbal communication. Nonverbal elements form a major part of any communication interchange. According to one study, words convey only 7 percent of a persons message. Intonation and voice quality communicate 38 percent, and nonverbal cues transmit a who
6、pping 55 percent. That means people pick up more from nonverbal communication than from verbal communication. When studying about a foreign culture then, it just makes sense to pay attention to how people use nonverbal cues.Part II Learning ProcedureReading II . Key Language Points1. management: n.1
7、）control and organization (of a business, etc)（企业等的）管理，经营【例句】The failure was caused by poor management. 这种失败是由于经营不善所致。2）all those who control a business,enterprise,etc. 公司、企业等的）主管人员、管理部门【例句】The business is under new management.该公司正由新的管理人员领导。3）skill in dealing with people 与人交往的技巧；手腕【例句】It needs a goo
8、d deal of management to persuade him to consent.颇需要些手段才能说服他同意。22guilty: adj.having done wrong; being to blame (for sth.);showing of feeling guilt犯罪的，有罪的；感觉有罪的【例句】The verdict of the jury was “not guilty”.陪审团裁决无罪。I feel guilty about visiting her so rarely.我因极少去看她而感到愧疚。相关词guilt n. 有罪，罪状【例句】The police e
9、stablished his guilt beyond all doubt.警方确凿地认定他有罪。guiltless adj 无罪的【例句】He was proved guiltless of the offence.他被证明是无罪的。相关搭配be guilty of (sth./doing sth.)有罪的，有过失的【例句】He was guilty of underestimating the problem.他犯了低估问题的错误。3despite: prep. in spite of 尽管；不管；不顾【例句】They had a wonderful holiday, despite th
10、e bad weather. 尽管天气不好，他们的假期还是还是很愉快。Despite a shortage of steel, industrial output has increased by five percent.尽管钢材供应不足，工业产量仍增长 5%。4reflect: v. 反射；反映，表明，显示；深思，考虑【例句】The white sand reflected the suns heat.白晃晃的沙地反射出太阳的热气。Their clothes reflected a rising standard of living in their country.他们身穿的衣服显示出他
11、们国内日益提高的生活水平。He reflected how to get out of the difficulty.他考虑这样摆脱困境。相关词reflection n. 反射；反映，表明，显示；深思，考虑【例句】the reflection of a sound wave 声波的反射an accurate reflection of reality 现实的精确反应After some reflection, the minister granted the request.部长稍一沉吟之后，便批准了请求。5easygoing : adj. (of people ) relaxed and c
12、asual in style or manner(指人) 脾气随和的，宽容的【例句】My mother doesnt mind who comes to stay, shes very easygoing.我母亲不在乎有什么人来往，她很随和。6relax :1) vt./vi. to make or become less stiff or tight 放松；（使）松弛【例句】The drug will relax your muscles.这种药会松弛你的肌肉。His worried frown relaxed a little.他的愁眉稍稍舒展了一些。2）vt./vi. to make o
13、r become less worried or intense 放松；（使）轻松【例句】The music will help to relax you.这音乐将助你悠然憩息。During the break, they relax over a simple game like chess.休息期间，他们用下棋这样的简单游戏放松一下。相关词relaxed adj. 放松的；宽松的；轻松自在的，悠闲的【例句】relaxed restrictions on imports 宽松的进口货物的管理规定He felt relaxed in mind and body. 他感到身心舒展。relaxat
14、ion n. 松弛，松懈；消遣，娱乐【例句】There must be no relaxation in our high standards.我们坚持高标准，决不允许有些微放松。3Golf is one of his relaxations.打高尔夫球是他的消遣之一。relaxing adj. (指气候)使人无精打采的【例句】relaxing climate 使人懒洋洋的气候7carefree : adj. free from anxiety 无忧无虑的；不负责任的【例句】After finishing our exams we all felt carefree. 考试以后我们都觉得很轻松
15、。Tom is carefree with his money. 汤姆花钱大手大脚的。8signify: vt. to be a sign of (sth.); make (sth.) known; mean 表明；表示; 意味着，预示【例句】What do these marks signify?这些符号表示什么意思？She signified her approval with a smile.她笑了笑表示赞成。The clouds signified the coming storm.乌云预示着即将有暴风雨。9signal: 1) vt./ vi. to express (sth ) b
16、y a special action 表达（某种信息）【例句】We signal(l)ed a passing ship for help.我们向一艘过往的船发出求救信号。She signal(l)ed for waitress to come over.她示意女服务员过来。2） n. sign, gesture, sound, etc that conveys a message, command, etc 信号，手势，声音等【例句】She flashed the torch as a signal.她用手电筒发信号。10customary:adj. according to custom;
17、usual 合乎习俗的，习惯上的【例句】Is it customary to tip waiters in your country?在贵国是否应该给服务员付小费？相关词custom n. 风俗，习惯【例句】It is difficult to get used to another countrys customs.要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯很困难。customarily adv. 习惯上地，合乎习俗地【例句】She gave the speech of thanks to the chairman customarily.她照例向主席致感谢词。11etiquette:n. formal r
18、ules of correct and polite behavior in society or among members of a profession 礼节，礼仪；（行业中的）道德规范【例句】diplomatic (international) etiquette 外交（国际）礼节a breach of medical etiquette 违反医学界的职业道德In golf it is against the etiquette of the game to talk.在高尔夫球赛中，讲话只违反常规的。相关搭配customary etiquette 传统礼节，传统的行为规范12. im
19、pact: n. strong impression or effect on sb./sth. 强烈的印象或巨大的影响；冲击，撞击【例句】The strike made a significant impact on government policy.这次罢工对政府的政策产生了重大的影响。He collapsed under the full impact of the blow.他受到重击而倒下。13circumstance: n condition or fact connected with an event or action 条件；情况；状况【例句】The weather is
20、a circumstance to be taken into consideration.天气是要考虑的一个条件。Circumstances permitting, we sail on Friday.情况许可的话，我们星期五起航。相关搭配in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此【例句】In/Under the circumstances, there is little hope for an early settlement. 在这种情况下,及早解决是没有什么希望的。4in/under no circumstances 无论如何不，决不【例句】In/U
21、nder no circumstances should you see them again.你决不能再见他们了。14dejected: adj. depressed; sad 沮丧的,垂头丧气的,泄气的【例句】She grew more and more melancholy and pale and dejected.她变得越来越忧郁、苍白和沮丧了。相关词deject vt.使沮丧，使情绪低落，使泄气【例句】Such news dejects me.这种消息使我泄气。相关词dejection n.沮丧，情绪低落，泄气【例句】She walked about listlessly, hum
22、ming to herself in dejection.她没精打采地走来走去，沮丧地低声哼着。15intently: adv.with fixed or eager attention 专心致志地【例句】The little girl gazed at the fire intently.这个小女孩目不转睛地盯着火看。相关词intent n./adj. 目的，意图；专心的，专注的【例句】The intent /intention of the speech escaped no one.人人都能听出这篇演说词的含义。He is intent on his studies.他专心致志地学习。T
23、here was an intent look on her face as she watched the game.在观看比赛的时候，她脸上有一股急切的神情。16. motionless: adj. without any movement 一动不动的【例句】The captain stood there motionless.船长一动不动地站在那里。相关词motion n./vi 运动，动作 ; 以姿势向人示意【例句】The object is no longer in motion.该物体已经处于静止状态。I motioned to him to come quietly.我示意让他轻
24、轻地过来。17. indifference:n. absence of interest, feeling or reaction 漠不关心，冷淡，无兴趣【例句】He treated my request with indifference.他对我的要求置若罔闻。相关词indifferent adj. 漠不关心的，冷淡的，无兴趣的【例句】How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people?你怎能对饥民的疾苦无动于衷呢？18. impatient:adj. unable to remain calm 不耐烦的【例句】Do
25、nt get so impatient! The bus will be here soon.别那么不耐烦！公交车马上来了。相关词impatience n. 不耐烦，无耐心【例句】The teachers impatience with his slower students was beginning to show.这位教师开始表现出对差生的不耐烦了。impatiently adv. 不耐烦地【例句】We sat waiting impatiently for the film to start.我们干坐着，焦急地等着电影开场。相关搭配be impatient with sb / at s
26、th 对-没耐心【例句】Youre too impatient with her; shes only a child. 你对她太不耐心了。她只是个孩子。They are a little impatient at her digression.他们对她离题的话显得有点不耐烦。 be impatient of sth 不能容忍某事5be impatient to do sth 迫不及待地想做某事be impatient for results 渴待结果19. terminate:v. come to an end or bring (sth.) to an end 终止，结束【例句】termi
27、nate a controversy 停止争论terminate a marriage by divorce 通过离婚结束婚姻关系Review questions terminate each chapter. 每章后面都附有练习题。The meeting terminated in disorder.会议在混乱中结束。相关词termination n. 终点，结局，终止【例句】the termination of a contract 合同的终止the termination of a pregnancy 终止妊娠20. superior:1) adi. better than averag
28、e; higher in rank or position; showing that one thinks one is better than others 优良的，优秀的；上一级的；有优越感的【例句】They counted themselves the most superior race in the world.他们把自己看作是世界上最优等的种族。A soldier must obey his superior officers.军人应该服从上级军官。Who did she think she was to be so superior?她如此傲慢，以为自己是什么大人物？2) n.
29、 person of higher rank ,position, etc; person or thing that is better 上级，长官；较好的人或事，优胜者【例句】obey ones superiors 服从上级He has no superior as a Shakespearian actor. 他演莎士比亚戏剧无出其右。相关词 superiority n. 优越性；上等；优等；上级【例句】Their vast superiority in speed would be easily outweighed by the extortionate running costs.
30、它们在速度方面的巨大优越性很可能就会被过分昂贵的经常开支所压倒。相关搭配superior court 上级法院；高级法院superior goods 优质商品，高档商品superiority complex 自大情结；优越感be superior to 优越于-；不为-所动【例句】This engine is superior to that one in every respect.这台发动机在很多方面比那台要好。be superior to temptation (bribery)不受引诱（贿赂）antonym: inferior 下级的，次等的21. posture: 1）n. posi
31、tion of the body; attitude，way of looking at sth. 姿势；态度，看法【例句】The artist asked the model to take a reclining posture.画家要求模特儿取斜倚着的姿势。The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。2) v. pose 摆姿势【例句】Stop posturing in front of that mirror and listen t
32、o me!别对着镜子臭美了，听我的吧！622. subtle: adj. not easy to detect or describe; fine; delicate 微妙的；细微的；精细的【例句】subtle humor 微妙的幽默a subtle smile 神秘的一笑His whole attitude has undergone a subtle change.他的整个态度已经有了微妙的变化。He is the subtlest of the politicians.他是政治家中最老奸巨猾的一个。23. annoying: adj. make a little angry or imp
33、atient 令人不耐烦的【例句】How annoying! 真讨厌！an annoying noise 恼人的噪音an annoying habit 恶习相关词 annoy v. 令人生气；招人讨厌【例句】She was annoyed at/with his lighthearted attitude.她对她那种若无其事的态度感到很生气。Some people annoy, others simply disgust.有些人让人讨厌，还有些甚至让人作呕。24. negotiation: n. discussion aimed at reaching an agreement 商议，谈判【例
34、句】The price is a matter of negotiation.价格是可以商议的。Negotiation of the sale took a long time.有关销售的谈判花了很长时间。The settlement was achieved by peaceful negotiation.通过和平谈判解决了争端。相关词negotiate v. 谈判【例句】negotiate a contract (a treaty , an agreement)通过谈判订立合同（条约，协议）相关搭配negotiate with sb. about sth.【例句】Weve decided
35、to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判。25. vital: adi. connected with or essential to life; essential to the existence 与生命有关的，维持生命必需的；极重要的，必不可少的【例句】The heart performs a vital bodily function.心脏起着维持生命的重要作用。It is absolutely vital that the matter be kept secret.这件事要保密，这是至关重
36、要的。相关搭配 vital to/for sth 对-很重要【例句】These measures are vital to national security.这些措施对国家的安全至关重要。Regular exercise is vital for your health.定期的运动对身体健康很重要。26. hostile: adj. showing strong dislike; very unfriendly 含敌意的；极不友好的【例句】 a hostile crowd ( glance, reception，etc.) 怀有敌意的群众（一瞥、接待等）She found his manne
37、r towards her distinctly hostile.她发现他对她的态度极不友好。相关词 hostility n. 敌意；不友好【例句】feeling of hostility 敌对情绪His suggestion met with some hostility.他的建议遭到了某种程度的反对。27. be appointed to: 被任命为-【例句】He was appointed to the vacant post.他被委派填补那个空缺。相关词appoint vt. 任命相关搭配appoint sb. (to be) sth. / (as) sth.7【例句】They hav
38、e appointed Smith (to be) manager.他们已经任命史密斯为经理。Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson? 我们选派谁担任主席呢？28. prior to: (formal) before 在-之前【例句】The thought is always prior to the fact.思维总是先于事实。We received no notification prior to todays date.我们在今日之前未获通知。相关词prior adj. 优先的，较早的，重要的【例句】I shall have to refuse you
39、r invitation because of a prior engagement.我因有约在先，所以只好谢绝你的邀请。priority n.优先权 ;优先的事物; 居要位【例句】Japans priority in the field of microelectronics 日本在微电子学领域中的领先地位29.go away: leave a place; disappear; fade 走开；消失；变淡【例句】We are going away for a few days.我们要外出几天。The smell hasnt gone away.气味尚未消失。30. resort to:ma
40、ke use of sth. for help 求助于【例句】If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action.假若谈判失败，我们就采取罢工行动。Owing to the cost of animal protein, the poor world is forced to resort to almost entirely to plant protein.由于动物蛋白价格昂贵，穷苦世界的人民几乎只好全靠植物蛋白为生了。相关词resort n. 可求助的人或事物，应急的手段或对策；度假胜地【例句】Our only re
41、sort is to inform the police.我们唯一的办法就是报警。Brighton is a leading south coast resort.布赖顿是南部地区最著名的海滨胜地。IIDifficult Sentences1) It has been noted that employees who have been appointed to management positions suddenly begin to use them, despite the fact that they seldom used them prior to their promotion
42、.要点 ：It has been noted that 据观察it 是形式主语， that 引导主语从句。译文 ：据观察，员工一旦被任命某一个管理职位，他们就开始用这些表示拥有权的姿势，尽管他们在被升职以前很少用。2）It would be normal to assume that the position of the man in the picture reflects an easygoing,relaxed and carefree attitude, because that is in fact what it is.要点 ：It would be normal to -是很正
43、常的。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是“ to assume that the position of the man in the picture reflects an easygoing, relaxed and carefree attitude”译文 ：（我们）很自然会认为图中的人很随意，很放松并且很悠闲，因为事实就是如此。3) As the employee explains, he leans forward in the chair, his hands on his knees, his face down and looking dejected and his tone o
44、f voice lowered.要点 ：“his hands on his knees, his face down and looking dejected and his tone of voice lowered”译文 ：职员在阐述（自己的问题）的时候，身子朝前挺出，手放在膝盖上，沮丧地低着头，说话的声音也很低。4）and he may also feel that his time is being wasted with the “same old story”.要点 ：“is being wasted”,现在进行时态的被动语式。8译文 ：他可能会觉得自己的时间正在被“老掉牙的故事”
45、所浪费。5）While he sits in the leg-over-chair position, he will not have a concerned look on his face and he may even terminate the conversation by telling his employee that he shouldnt worry and that the problem will soon go away.要点 ：the leg-over-chair position 腿搁在椅子上的姿势； a concerned look 关切的神情；termina
46、te the conversation by用-的方式结束对话译文 :当他腿搁在椅子上坐在那里的时候，他的脸上连一点关切的神情都没有，他甚至会告诉他的员工，没什么好担心的，或者说问题马上就会消失的，以此来结束对话。6）If the bosss chair has no arms (which is usually the case with visitors chair), he will probably be seen with one or both feet on the desk.要点 ： the case 的意思 true 。译文 : 如果老板的椅子没有扶手（通常来访者的椅子是没有
47、扶手的） ，别人就会看见他把一只脚或双脚放在办公桌上7) If his superior enters his office, it is unlikely that the boss would take an obvious ownership posture but would resort to more subtle gesture such as putting his foot on the lower drawer of his desk or placing his foot hard against the legs of the desk to stake (不定式做目的
48、状语，作谓语动词 would resort 的状语) his claim of the ownership. 要点 ：it is unlikely that 意思是 it is impossible that ，that 引导主语从句; or 引导两个 ing 结构; to stake his claim of the ownership :不定式做目的状语，作谓语动词 would resort 的目的状语.译文 : 如果这位老板的上司走进他的办公室，该老板不可能摆出明显的显示地位（拥有权）的姿势，而是摆出一些更为微妙的姿势以表明他的拥有权，比如把脚放在办公桌较低的抽屉上或把脚使劲贴在办公桌的
49、桌腿上。8）Such gestures can be quite annoying if they are found during negotiation, and it is vital for you to make the person change to a different position, because the longer he stays in the leg-over- chair or feet-on-desk position, the longer he will have an indifferent or hostile attitude 要点： if they are found during negotiation： if 引导状语从句，they 指代 gestures; it is vital for you to: it 代词预指，代替 “for . to make”不定式在 because 引导的原因状语从句中用到了 “the +比较级 , the +比较级 ”的结构，表
