1、构词法前缀：通常改变词义 后缀：通常改变词性a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorderin/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregularnon: non-scientist non-smoker non-stopun: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪, 假)maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutriti
2、onmislead, misinform, misfortunepseudoscientific, pseudo-realismwell: well-known, well-informed5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀anti-(反对，防止) ：antiwar, antiaircraft 防空袭的contra-(反对，相反 )：contradict, contra-dancecounter-(反对，相反)：counteraction 反作用pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American, pro-slavery6) 表示时间或顺序ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-presiden
3、tfore-前，先：forefather, forethought 深谋远虑post-后的：post-war, postgraduatepre-前的：pre-war, prematurere-再：remarriage, reconsider7) 表示地点的前缀extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegalfore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretellinter-在之间: international, interschooltele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescopetrans-穿越 :transpla
4、ntin-内,里: inside, inland, invadesuper-在之上: superstructure 上层建筑8) 表数字的前缀uni-（统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide 一氧化碳bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingualdi-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide 二氧化碳multi-(多的)：multimedia semi-（半的） semiautomatic 半自动的 hemi-(半的):hemisphere 半球tri-(三个)：triangle, trico
5、lor 三色旗centi-(百分之一 )：centimeter 厘米， centigram 厘克有些前缀可改变词性a-, be-, en/em-asleep, awakebefriend, belovedenforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge常用后缀1. 1.指人的后缀- eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer-er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor-ess: actress, hostess-ster: youngster, gangster-an, ian,
6、 ese 国家的人：Australian, American-ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant-ician: electrician, technician-ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist-ism: socialism, realism 2. 名词的后缀-age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom, -hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty, -ure, -ics, -logy3. 形容词的后缀名词变形容词：-e
7、d, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous动词变形容词：-able/ible: arguable, permissible-tive/sive: talkative, decisive 4. 副词的后缀 ly, -ward/wards5. 动词的后缀-ate: attribute, calculate-en: blacken, redden, broaden, deepen-ify: beautify, certify, modify-ize/ise: analyze, modernize名词可数名词的复数形式：1. 1.s2. 2.以 s,
8、x, ch, sh, +es3. 3.以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i+es.4. 4.o+es: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, echoesa. 以两个元音结尾的， +s 例如：bamboo, zoo, radio, studio, shampoob. 外来词+s：photo, piano, kilo, tobacco, memo, auto5. 以 f/fe 结尾的，变 f/fe 为 ve, +sleaf, wife, knife, half, thief, wolf, shelf,life有的直接+sroof, cliff, proof, chief,
9、gulf, belief6. 不规则man-men woman-womentooth-teeth foot-feetchild-children goose-geese mouse-mice ox-oxen a. 外来词 （仍保持原有复数形式）phenomenon- phenomenacriterion- criteriaformula- formulaethesis- theses basis- basesanalysis-analyses crisis- crisesmedium-media curriculum-curriculab. 单复同形Chinese, Japanese, air
10、craft, sheep, deer, swine 猪，means, series, shark7. 合成的名词，只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数lookers-on, runners-up 亚军，sons-in-law, grandchildren如没有主体名词，在最后一词后+复数词尾drawbacks 缺陷由 man, woman 构成的合成名词，里面所有的成份+复数men-servants women doctors8. 有些名词常以复数出现a. scissors, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, spectacles, glassesb. 以 ing 结尾
11、的： belongings, surroundings, doings, savings, findings, earnings, stockingsc. contents 目录，arms 武器, statistics 统计资料， fireworks, thanks, clothes, valuables, headquartersd. 有些名词在词组take pains to do, make preparations, make arrangements, give regards to, be at odds with 与不和， give respects to , be in high spirits9. 有些不可数名词，有时也可用复数。experiences, failures, hopes and fears10. 与数词连用的名词，复数仍保持单数形式。two dozen eggs, two hundred people11. 以-s 结尾的学科、疾病，谓语动词用单数。economics, electronics, mathematics, physics, politics, measles 麻疹12. 集体名词既可被视为单数，也可视为复数My family is a big one. My family are interested in traveling.
