1、A 合成法（1）合成法即是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成词在英语中比较活跃，合成形容词很常见，多数用作定语，有些作表语；合成名词作主语或宾语；合成动词作谓语；合成副词作状语。quick-service counter 快餐部，airsick 晕飞机，air-dropped 空投，warm-heartedly 热情地，Sightseeing 游览观光，cross-roads 十字路口 （2）合成形容词的构成方法如下：形容词/数词+名词+ed noble-minded 高尚的，good-tempered 脾气好的 warm-hearted, cold-blooded, three-legged,
2、 one-eyed 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的，fine-sounding 动听的, easy-going sweet/bad-smelling , cheap-looking 副词+现在分词 hard-working 勤劳的，far-reaching 深远的 ever-lasting rapidly increasing long-suffering never-ending 名词/代词+现在分词 :peace-loving 热爱和平的，English-speaking match/flower-selling flesh-eating record-breaking
3、self-locking time/gas-saving man-killing 名词+过去分词 state-owned 国有的，heartfelt 由衷的 self-taught snow-covered 副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的，wide-spread 广为流传的 well-informed badly-wounded widely-used newly-built badly managed over-fed 形容词/数词+名词 large-scale 大规模的，high-class 高级的 second-hand long-distance high-speed a
4、 five year plan 名词+形容词 duty-free 免税 的，airsick 晕飞机的 ice-cold home-sick 另外还有其他方式构成的合成词，如：all-round 全面的，everyday 日常的， face-to-face 面对面的，first-rate 一流的（3）合成名词的常见构成方式有：名词+名词 silkworm 蚕，bloodtest 验血 safety belt , China Town , traffic light , shoe lace classroom 形容词+名词 double-dealer 两面派，shorthand 速记 v-ing+
5、名词 waiting-room 候车室，sleeping-pill 安眠药 动词+名词pickpocket 扒手，break-water 防水堤名词+动名词 handwriting 书法，sum-bathing 日光浴动词+副词get-together 联欢会，break-through 突破 breakdown take-off check up 副词 +动词downfall 垮台， outbreak 爆发 income output input 另外还有许多副词、代词等也是合成词，如：maybe 也许 forever 永远 whole-hearted 全心合意的 myself 我自己 ev
6、erything 一切 whatever 不管什么 moreover 而且 however 但是 nevertheless 尽管如此B 转化法：不添加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。（1）名词 动词： land：手 传递 water：水 浇水 place：地方 放置land：土地 着陆 design：图案 设计 picture：图画 想像（2）形容词 动词： empty 空的 倒空 better：较好的 改善 back：后面的 支持 (3) 副词 动词 ： back a car(倒车) down a plane（击落飞机） near the shore
7、（靠岸） （4）动词 名词：taste turn C 派生法：由词缀（分前、后缀）和词根相结合构成单词的方法。大多数词缀都有一定的含义。常见的词缀及例词列表如下：常见词缀一览表A、名词后缀词缀 含义 例词-er 人或工具 teacher cooker-or 人 actor visitor-ist 者，家 artist communist-man 人 postman Frenchman-(i)an 人；国人 musician American-eer 者， 家 engineer mountaineer-ee 受者 employee trainee-ese 地方/国人 Chinese Japane
8、se-mate 有关系的人 workmate roommate-ance 性质或状态 appearance attendance-ence 行为或性状 difference independence-ing feeling greeting-tion education information-sion television revision-ment 行为的结果/方式 development equipment-age carriage marriage-dom 状态；领域 freedom kingdom-ness 性质；状态 happiness loneliness-graph 文字；书写
9、 telegraph autograph（亲笔签名）-hood 身份；地位；生活状况 girlhood childhood-ics 学科或某种活动 politics physics-phone 重视声音的工具 telephone microphone（麦克风）-ship 状态；身份；职务 friendship -mate 有关系的人 workmate roommate-ism 主义 Marxism Leninism（列宁主义）-ery discovery slavery-al arrivalB、形容词后缀词 缀 含 义 例 词-able 显示性质或特点的可被的，适于的 comfortable
10、suitable-ible 显示性质或特点的可被的，适于的 terrible horrible （恐怖的）-al 的，有 性质的 national musical-ant 有 性质的，人 servant important-ent 有 性质的 different intelligent（聪明的）-ary 有性质的 necessary ordinary-ive 有 倾向的；有性质的 active native-y 多的，有巨的 easy cloudy-ed （感到）的 excited disappointed-ing （令人）的 exciting disappointing-ese 地方或国家的
11、 Chinese Vietnamese（越南的）-ful 充满的，具有性质的 careful beautiful-ian 地方或国家人的 Asian Australian-ish 像/有点一样的 selfish childish-less 没有的 freeless, careless-like 像的 godlike childlike-ly 具有性质或特点的；第次的 lovely yearly （每年一次的）-ous 具有性质的 famous desirous-en 用做成的 woolen wooden-some 易于的；会引起的 troublesome tiresome（厌烦的）-er 较的
12、 happier luckier-est 最的 happiest luckiest-ory satisfactoryC、动词前缀词 缀 含 义 例 词un- 不，非，无 unimportant, unluckyim- 不，非，无 impossiblein- 不，非，无 incorrectir- 不，非，无 irregularil- 不，非，无 illegalnon- 不，非，无 non-smoking, non-stopa- 的 afraid, asleepD、动词前缀词 缀 含 义 例 词en/em- 使变成；置于 上 endanger, enjoydis- 不，非，无 dislike di
13、sagreemis- 误 ，错 mislead misunderstandre- 重新；又；再 recall, rewritea- 使 arise（使上升）E、动词后缀词 缀 含 义 例 词-en 使变成 richen, sadden-ise/ize 使成为；变成 memorize, computerize（用电脑储存）- (i)fy 使成为 beautify terrifyF、副词后缀词 缀 含 义 例 词-ly 地 quickly immediately-er 较地 faster harder-est 最地 fastest hardestG、其他前缀词 缀 含 义 例 词anti- 反对，
14、对抗 anti-Japanese antitankbi- 每两次的/地 bi-monthly bicycletele- 远距离的 telephone televisionex- 前任的；向外 ex-ife exclaimfore- 预先；在前面的 foretell forecastpre- 预先 prepare prefix（前缀）post- 在之后的 postgraduate（研究生）inter- 在之间 internet internationalmicro- 微小的 microwave microphonesuper- 超过 supermarkettechn(o) - 与技术有关的 te
15、chnologywell- 适当地；完全地 well-known well-writtenself- 自己，自身，自我，自动 self-service self-confidencetrans- 转移；移植 transplant translatekilo- 千 kilometer kilogrammilli- 千分之 milligram millimeterco- 共同，同等 co-operate co-educationtri- 三，三个 tricycle tricolourcom/con/col/cor- 连同，一同 conduct combinemulti- 多 multipleund
16、er- 在下面；不足；次于 underground underestimate（低估）over- 在上面；过多 overhead overworkcenti- 百分之 centigrade centimeterH、其他后缀词 缀 含 义 例 词-self 亲自 myself, oneself-cent 百分之 percent-meter 米 centimeter, kilometer语法精练根据下列音讯后面括号里的提示在空格里填入适当的前缀或后缀，使新构成的单词与括号中的释义一致。1._certain(not certain) 2. _dress ( to take clothes off )
17、3. _ comfortable ( not comfortable) 4._ lock( to unfasten the lock of)5. _willing( not willing) 6. _ pack ( remove from a container)7. _honest ( not honest) 8. _agree ( not to agree)9. _advantage( an unfavorable position)10. _appoint ( to find the hope of a person)11. _able ( to make sb not able to
18、his body)12. _cover ( to find something not known before)13. _formal ( not formal) 14. _polite ( not polite)15. _possible ( not possible) 16. _-exist (not exist)17. _regular (not regular) 18._fortunately (by bad luck)19. _tell (to tell again) 20. _cover( to be well again)21. _ view (to spell wrongly
19、) 22. _spell( to spell wrongly)23. _pay( to pay back) 24. _call( to remember)25. _cite (to say something aloud from memory)26._marry( to marry again) 27. _charge (to charge too much)28._line( to mark by drawing a line below)29. _port( to carry from one place to another)30. _war (after a war) 31._atl
20、antic( on the other side of the Atlantic ocean)32. _tell (to tell in advance) 33. _graduate (do something by one self)34. _service (do something by oneself)35. _respect (proper respect for oneself) 36. _leg (either of the front legs)37. _head (the par of the face above the eyes and under the hair)38
21、. _correcting (correcting by oneself) 39._gree (continual improvement)40._dict ( to a future happening in advance)41._pare (to get ready) 42. _haps (possibly; maybe; by chance)43. _sent (not present; missing)44. _fect (complete in all respects; without a mistake)45. _mit (allow; consent to) 46. _arr
22、ange (arrange beforehand)47. _school (of the time of a child before going to school)48. _suade (to cause to feel certain)49. _president (a person next in official rank below the president)50. _ chairman (a person next in official rank below the chairman)51. _final (a pair of matches in which to deci
23、de the winner)52. _man (a man with greater powers of mind and body)53. _market ( a large shop where one serves oneself)54._star ( an usually famous actor)55._net ( a network through which information can be got the world over)56. _national (having to do with more than one nation)57. _monthly ( happe
24、ning every two months)58._cycle ( a two-wheeled vehicle)59._weekly (appearing every two weeks)60. _cycle ( a three-wheeled vehicle)61. _verse ( all space) 62._cycle ( a three-wheeled vehicle)63._pose ( take as likely; consider as true)64. _ceed ( gain a purpose or reach an aim)65. _round (be all aro
25、und on every side)66._gest (cause to come to the mind)67. _fer (experience pain or difficulty)68._port ( provide money to live on ) 69. hope_(without hope)70. happy _ (quality of being joyful)71. mercy_ (without pity) 72. hope _( quality of being without hope)73. cool_ ( quality of being cool)74. vi
26、olin _( one who plays the violin)75. chem. _(one who works with chemicals)76. creat _( tending to create; original)77. physic _( one who works in the science of physics)78. east _(in the direction of the east) 79. for _(turning to the front)80. home_( In the direction of home)81. care _( not taking
27、care) 82. fear _(that is without fear)83. scient _( a person who does work in science)84. real _( to carry out ; to make real)85. act_(always ready to do things)86. social_(following socialism)87. type _(a person who types) 88. art _(a person who types)89. apology _( to make an apology)90. busy _( t
28、rade and the getting of money)91. think_( a person who likes to think)92. silence _(on instrument for reducing noise)93. mark _( a person who builds) 94. build _( a person who builds)95. interview _( a person who asks questions in an interview)96. mountain_( a person who climbs mountain as a sport)9
29、7. organize _( a group of people with a special purpose)98. produce _( the act of producing)99. lose _( a person who is defeated)100. act _( a man who acts a part in a play)101. educate_(teaching of training)102. measure _( the act of measuring)103. treat _( the act of treating) 104. move _(the act
30、of moving)105. satisfy_( pleasure) 106. prepare _(the act of moving)107. strange_( a person who is unfamiliar)108. begin _( a person who begins an activity)109. conduct _(a person who directs the playing of a group of musician)110. relation_( family connection)111. citizen_( the state of being a cit
31、izen)112. unthink_(which one cannot believe has happened)113. comfort_(giving comfort to the body)114. person_(belonging to a particular person)115. electric_(connected with electricity)116. neat _( adv.) 117. beautiful_( adv.)118.total _( adv.) 119. peaceful_ ( adv.)120. hurried _( adv.) 121.allow
32、_(that may be allowed)122. day_(once a day) 123. friend_(acting as friend) 124. arrive_( the act of arriving) 125. refuse_(the act of refusing)126. reason_( fair;not too much) 127. lone_(unhappy because of being alone)128. near_(almost) 129. office_(a person who works in a government) 130. part_(not
33、 completely) 131. slight_( adv.) 132. simple_( adv.) 133. suit_(proper)134. certain_(without doubt) 135.build_(the art of making objects)136. feel_(a belief or opinion not based on reason)137. wait _( a female who serves food in a restaurant)138. Chin_(related to China) 139. music_(a person who writ
34、es music)140. physic_(a doctor) 141. Japan_( of Japan)142. cross_(q place where two lines cross)143. shop_(the act of shopping) 144. begin_(start)145. marry_(the state of being united) 146.fail_(lack of success)147. press_(the act of pressing with force)148. free_(the state of being free) 149. king_(a country governed by a king)150.carry_(a wheeled vehicle)151. safe_(the state of being safe) 152. electric_(electrical current)153. wood_made of wood 154. hard_(to make hard)155. sharp_(to make sharp)
