1、 learning about language,Unit 3,The Million Pound Bank Note,打赌允许某人做某事 熟悉某人朝前走，前进，往下说事实上，实际上偶然地，意外地 因表彰某人,授予某人荣誉 放弃解释，说明说实话领某人出去/进来关心，计较，在乎 写下某人点的菜衣衫褴褛注意关于，至于，就而言惹麻烦，陷入困难盯着看,Set Phrases,make a bet permit sb to do sth know sb. well go ahead as a matter of fact by accident/chance honour sb. for sth. gi
2、ve up account for to be honest show sb. out/in care about take ones order in rags give attention to as for get into trouble stare at,Discovering useful words and expressions:,Find the correct word for each of the following meanings.,1 _ mistake 2 _ to allow something to happen 3 _ someone who writes
3、 books 4 _ to try to find or get something 5 _ a thin paper cover for a letter 6 _ the place where someone was born 7 _ a man who works in a business 8 _ unusual, exciting or dangerous experience,fault,permit,seek,envelope,birthplace,author,businessman,adventure,Discovering useful words and expressi
4、ons:,9 _ ability to wait fro a ling time or to accept trouble without getting angry 10 _ part of a play during which there is no change in time or place 11 _ path at the side of a road for people to walk on 12 _ a long written story in which the characters and events are not usually real,patience,sc
5、ene,novel,pavement,Find the correct word for each of the following meanings.,Explain the usage and meaning of each italicized word in each sentence.,A He wandered around Tibet for about a month. His experience is unbelievable.B The professor wandered from the subject of his speech.,walk slowly witho
6、ut a clear direction,stop paying attention,A Please keep a complete account of the money we have spent.B I opened an account at the bank downstairs.,walk slowly without a clear direction,stop paying attention,Explain the usage and meaning of each italicized word in each sentence.,A It was her fault.
7、 We were late because she took so long finishing her lunch.B It sounds as if there is a fault in that computer.,make a mistake and be blamed for,something that is wrong with a machine,Explain the usage and meaning of each italicized word in each sentence.,A The museum sits on the exact spot where th
8、e gold was first discovered.B That dress has a dirty spot right in the middle.C She spotted her friend among the passengers who got off the train,particular place or area,a small mark on something,find,Explain the usage and meaning of each italicized word in each sentence.,A We walked down a long pa
9、ssage to the back of the office building.B I couldnt afford the passage to Australia.C The old bridge isnt strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles.,long narrow area with walls on both sides,fare,movement of people or cars along a road,Explain the usage and meaning of each italicized wor
10、d in each sentence.,Use some of the words and phrases in the correct form to complete the stories.,bring up go ahead account for by accident on the contrary to be honest,1 Yesterday when I was wandering on the pavement near a park, I met an old neighbour _. He was so happy to see me again and he tal
11、ked a lot about my grandparents who _ me _. _, I didnt want him to _ with his story. It wasnt because I had no _ to listen to him, but because it was still very painful for me to think about my dear grandma who died five years ago.,by accident,brought up,To be honest,go ahead,patience,2 He was such
12、a stubborn businessman that he didnt _ anybody to disagree with him. He thought his marketing plan was perfect, but _, it was not and it failed. Obviously, it was his _ because he did not listen to other peoples advice. His attitude _ his loss.,permit,on the contrary,fault,accounted for,Use some of
13、the words and phrases in the correct form to complete the stories.,bring up go ahead account for by accident on the contrary to be honest,_ _,Discovering useful Words and Expressions,bet bet bet betting bet sb sth 与某人打的赌bet on sth 对某事打赌make a bet on sth with sb. 和某人在上打赌win a bet/lose a bet 赢/输一场赌hav
14、e a bet on 在上下赌注do sth for a bet 为打赌而做某事accept/take up a bet 同意与打赌,He bet me ten dollars that John would come/on Johns coming. He had a bet on the horses. She bet all her money on a horse that came last. 你曾跟谁打过赌吗？,Have you ever made a bet with anybody?,I bet=(informal) Im certain我肯定 我敢肯定他去游泳了，他喜爱这项运
15、动。 I bet hes gone to swimming-he loves it.,2. scene n 现场, 场面,景色,(戏剧)一场,Firefighters were on the scene immediately.The rocking boats along the river bank make a beautiful scene.The boy led his mother to the scene of the accident.The scene in the hospital is very moving. The last scene of the play was
16、 very impressive.,behind the scenes 在后台,在幕后,暗中on the scene 在现场set the scene 提供条件come on the scene 登场,scene指展现在眼前的情景,也可经指scenery的一部分, 指某处小范围的景色,大多包括景物中的人及活动,可译为 “情景”, “景色”, “场面”, “(戏剧)一场”,view是指人以一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景色,还有 “观点”, “看法”的意思.,sight 是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美丽的风景,也可以指悲惨的景象,用其复数sights表示名胜古迹,人文景观等.,scene
17、ry/scene/view/sight,scenery 是总称, 指大范围的自然风光,是由多个scene构成的景色, 常译为 “景色”, “风景”.,Visitors are not permitted to take photos. Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting. I dont permit holding a party in my house. She took the car without permission. Jims father didnt permit him to join the school football team.,
18、3. permit permitted permitted permittingpermit sth. / doing sth. 允许某事/干某事permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit sb sth 允许某人做某事,permit n 通行证, 许可证, 执照 Cpermission 有批准权的人的口头 “允许”, “许可” U,申请停车许可证 apply for a parking permit 在某人的准许下/没获得的允许 with/without ones permission 请求允许 ask for permission,4. spot vt. 发现,认出,
19、点缀n.地点, 污点,斑点,I couldnt spot her in the crowd.,be spotted with sth 满是的斑点,on the spot 当场,This is the very spot where the accident happened. He is a man without a spot on his character. She was wearing a black shirt with white spots. He answered the question on the spot.,spotless adj. 没有污点的,纯洁的 spotte
20、d adj. 有斑点的,玷污的,on the spot 当场, 当下 put sb on the spot 使某人尴尬/为难 hit the spot 满足要求, 合口味 a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹,5 account,keep accounts 记账open/close an account wit a bank 在银行开立/结束帐户account for 说明(原因等),作出解释,(指数量) 占, 杀死,击落on account of 因为, 由于 take into account=take account of 考虑,重视on all accounts
21、 无论如何on no account 绝不,He could not account for his foolish mistake. Give us an account for what happened. She retired early on account of ill health. The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.,(accountant n. 会计),n. 说明,理由,计算, 账目 V. 认为,说明,总计有,Id _ his reputation with other fa
22、rmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. take into account B. account for C. make up for D. make out,考虑 说明的原因 弥补 理解，辨认出,A,表示 “因为,由于”的短语:on account of owing tobecause of due toas a result of thanks to,6. patience n 耐性, 忍耐,in patience
23、 耐心地have no patience with 不能容忍的 be out of patience with 对耐不住be patient with 对有耐心,You need patience if you want to get served in this shop.,impatience n. (反)patient adj. / impatient adj.,We should have been more patient _those who have different opinions. A. of B. with C. for D. at,B,7. by accident/c
24、hance 偶然地on purpose 故意地without accident 安全地。无恙地meet with an accident 出事，遇到意外的事,I met her purely by accident. The trip was a success, but more by accident than design., How do you know that Ive moved there? I didnt tell anybody. _.Only by accident. B. Someone told me about it. C. Quite by accident. D
25、. Its none of you business.,C,8. I earned my passage by working as unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.,我靠做义工来顶替船费, 这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。,earn ones passage 挣取旅费,passage通行,机动车禁止通行。 The passage of motor vehicles is forbidden. 他们被禁止穿越占领区。 They were denied passage through the occupied territory.,ap
26、pearance n. 出现，来到，外貌，外表,The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away.警察突然出现，小偷就逃跑了。,Dont judge by appearances.勿以貌取人,难句1. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if youd mind us asking a few questions.I wonder whether (if) you 是表示委婉的请求的句式，用于较为正式的场合。 译为：不知您是否whether (if) you mind us asking a few que
27、stions 在句中作wonder的宾语从句,该句中的(mind us) asking a few questions 为动名词的复合结构,该结构在句中作动词mind 的宾语.“名词的所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing”为动名词(-ing形式)的复合结构,该结构在句中能做主语,表语和宾语.,难句分析,动名词(-ing形式)的复合结构: 1.用作主语: Sophias having seen them did not surprise us.索非亚看见了他们,这并不使我们感到惊讶. 2.用作宾语: Excuse my interrupting you. 3.用作表语: What worried
28、 the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospictal.使那孩子不安的是不允许他到医院探望他的妈妈.在现代英语中,动名词复合结构用作宾语时,其名词多用通格,形容词性物主代词也多用代词的格. mind us asking就属这种情况. I hate people being unhappy. Please say nothing about us calling.,难句2.And it was the ship that brought you to England. 该句为强调句,其句型为:
29、“It was + 被强调部分+that+句子剩余的部分”. It was in this room that Lu Xun once lived. Was it because his mother was ill that he didnt go to school. When was it that the club was set up?这个俱乐部成立是什么时候?,难句3. I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费的,这就是
30、我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了.该句中which accounts for my appearance 是限定性定语从句,which 代表了前面的整个句子.,Grammar,Noun clauses as the object and predicative,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，
31、how， why等。,e.g. I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered howmany babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay attention to what the doctor said. 6) Please tel
32、l me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,连接词的选择：,The Object Clause,The Object Clause,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；,e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is.,e.g. He told me what I should read,e
33、.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me,(4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;,e.g. I dont think you are right,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：,e.g. 一Do you believe it will
34、clear up?你认为天气会转晴吗? 一I believe so. 我认为会这样。I dont believe so. (或I believe not.)我认为不会这样。,(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? (2) that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long(3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式
35、宾语 it;e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready,做介词的宾语,The Object Clause,The Predicative Clause,1. that 引导的表语从句连接词that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 2. whether 引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语
36、从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。 e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard jo
37、b.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,3. what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句,The Predicative Clause,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late f
38、or the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,The Predicative Clause,5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示
39、不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.,The Predicative Clause,e.g. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.,1.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there 2.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B.whether
40、C./ D.that 3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,B,B,C,B,B,Practice choosing ( 10
41、m ),高考链接,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,A,解析： 这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -I
42、s that_ you had a few days off?(NMET1999) A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是“这就是你离开的原因吗?“。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why,解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成“It takes sth. to do sth.“的句型
43、。答案为A。,A,4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要的东西“。故答案为A。,A,Homework,1. Summarize the noun clauses used as the object.2. Finish the exercises of “Discovering useful structures” on Page 21.3. Finish exercises on pages 56-57.,
