1、考博词汇,韩诚忠 ,1,内容提要,一、关于记单词 1）记单词的方法(词缀和归纳) 2）发音、拼写、词义和词性 3）动词“三单”、过去式和过去分词 4）固定搭配以及单词出现的上下文 5）牢记真题中题干和选项中的单词和词组 二、考题分析 题目类型： 1）词义识别 2）词义辨析（形近、义近） 3）句子衔接 4）习语俚语,2,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法(词缀和归纳) 1）词缀 auto- (self): autograph; autobiography; autonomy; ATM -cracy (government): autocracy; democracy; aristocracy; bu
2、reaucracy dem(o)- (people): demography; epidemic gen- (race): genocide; generate; genital ant(i)- (against): antibiotics; Antarctica,3,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 1）词缀 -(o)nym (noun, name): acronym; pseudonym; anonymous astr(o)- (star): astrology; astronomy bi- (two): bicycle; binary; binocular semi- (half): sem
3、icircle; semiliterate in-, im-, il-, ir-, ig- (not): inaccurate; immortal; illegible; irregular; ignoble co-, col-, cor-, con- (together): cooperate; coordinate,4,一、关于记单词 记单词的方法（词缀）,-ics -(ici)st, -ician physics physicist linguistics linguist economics economist mathematics mathematician,-ology -olo
4、gist physiology physiologist psychology - psychologist biology biologist geology geologist,5,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 2）归纳 1.The meeting was _ by a group of protesters who shouted and threw fruit at the speaker. A. corrupted B. disrupted C. erupted D. interrupted 2. The prisoners were _ on a diet of bread and
5、 water. A) insisting B) persisting C) resisting D) subsisting,6,一、关于记单词,disrupt: to prevent something, especially a system, process or event, from continuing as usual or as expected A heavy fall of snow had disrupted the citys transport system. corrupt: to make someone or something become dishonest
6、or immoral The study claimed that violence on television corrupts the minds of children. erupt: to start suddenly and violently At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the inner cities. interrupt: to stop a person from speaking for a short period by something you say or do, or to stop someth
7、ing from happening for a short period She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.,7,一、关于记单词,subsist: to get enough food or money to stay alive The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water. persist: If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to
8、 exist; to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often unreasonable way The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. resist: to refuse to accept or be changed by something He tried to run away from the police and was charged with resisting arrest. insist: to state or d
9、emand forcefully, especially despite opposition She insisted on seeing her lawyer.,8,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 2）归纳 3. Fierce storms have been _ rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. A) scampering B) hampering C) pampering D) tampering 4. Womens magazines are often _ to be su
10、perficial. A) deceived B) perceived C) received D) conceived,9,一、关于记单词,hamper: to prevent someone doing something easilyFierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. pamper: to treat with too much kindness and attention Our children are pa
11、mpered by their grandparents. scamper: When small children and animals scamper, they run with small quick steps, in a playful or frightened way The children scampered off into the garden. tamper: to touch or change something without permissionDont tamper with the boiler.,10,一、关于记单词,perceive: to come
12、 to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something Womens magazines are often perceived to be superficial. deceive: to persuade (someone) that something false is the truth; trick or foolThe company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. conceive: to bring (a thought o
13、r idea) into being; imagine When they talk about billions of dollars, I cant even conceive of that much money.,11,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 2）归纳 5. I _ across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant. A. bumped B. stumbled C. encountered D. come 6. She left school at 16 and _ herself in the communist part
14、y. A. committed B. dedicated C. devoted D. immersed,12,一、关于记单词,bump into: to meet someone you know when you have not planned to meet them We bumped into Alison when we were in London last week. stumble across / up(on): to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance Workmen stumbled up
15、on the mosaic while digging foundations for a new building. encounter: to meet someone unexpectedly On their way home they encountered a woman selling flowers. come across: to find something by chance He came across some of his old love letters in his wifes drawer.,13,一、关于记单词,commit: to promise or g
16、ive your loyalty, time or money to a particular principle, person or plan of action The government must commit itself to improving health care. dedicate: to give your energy, time, etc. completely The new President said she would dedicate herself to protecting the rights of the old, the sick and the
17、 homeless. devote: to give all of something, especially your time, effort or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a personShe has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people. immerse: to become completely involved in something She got some books out of the library an
18、d immersed herself in Jewish history and culture.,14,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 2）归纳 9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to _ with an assignment. (2007/03) A. interrupt B. bother C. interfere D. intervene,15,一、关于记单词,both
19、er: to annoy, worry, or cause problems for (someone) The heat was beginning to bother him, so he sat down. If something or someone interferes with a situation or a process, it spoils it or prevents its advancement: Even a little noise interferes with my concentration. intervene: to become involved i
20、ntentionally in a difficult situation in order to change it or improve it, or prevent it from getting worse The superpowers began to intervene in local struggles in Africa.,16,一、关于记单词,记单词的方法 2）归纳 She felt really bad when she realized that she had lost her watch. It wasnt expensive but it had sentime
21、ntal _. (2006,10) A. expense B. price C. value D. charge,17,一、关于记单词,If something is done at the expense of someone, or at someones expense, it is done in a way that harms or embarrasses them. If you want something at any price, you are willing to do anything in order to get it. charge: the amount of
22、 money that you have to pay for something, especially for an activity or serviceTheres an admission charge of 5.They fixed my watch free of charge.,18,一、关于记单词,1）发音、拼写、词义和词性 obsessed-obsession-obsessive (with, about) 2）动词“三单”、过去式和过去分词 tears-tore-torn 3）固定搭配以及单词出现的上下文 make out; take shape 4）牢记真题中题干和选项
23、中的单词和词组 at odds with (over),19,1) 实例,5. Successful students sometimes become so _with grades that they never enjoy their school years. (2006/03) A. passionate B. involved C. immersed D. obsessed 10. His _ with computers began six months ago.(2007/03) A. imagination B. innovation C. observation D. ob
24、session,20,1) 实例,passion n.: You may have a passion for her, but it isnt love. passionate adj.: Joe is passionate about baseball (= he likes it very much). involved adj.: interested in or taking part in an activity or event He was accused of involvement in the murder. Maria was so involved in her wo
25、rk that she didnt hear me come in. immerse vt.: to become completely involved in something: She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Jewish history and culture.,21,3) 实例,6. As the sky lightened even more, they began to _ their surroundings more clearly. (2008/3) A. fall out B. f
26、all into C. make up D. make out 10. The world leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is _ before our eyes. (2009/3) A. taking shape B. taking effect C. taking apart D. taking over,22,3) 实例,fall out: to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them: Shed fallen out with her boyf
27、riend over his ex-girlfriend. fall into: to gradually get into a particular condition, especially to get into a bad condition as a result of not being taken care of: Over the years the house had fallen into disrepair. make up: to forgive someone and be friendly with them again after an argument or d
28、isagreement: We often quarrel but we always make it up soon after.,23,4) 实例,3. The profit motive is inherently _ with principles of fairness and equity. (2006/03) A. in line B. in trade C. at times D. at odds 12. Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. His comments break his long public sil
29、ence on the issue and place him _ with the administration. (2007/10) A. at will B. at ease C. at times D. at odds,24,4) 实例,be in line with: to be similar to, or at the same level as something: The salaries of temporary employees ought to be brought into line with those of permanent staff. stock-in-t
30、rade: the typical characteristics or behavior of someone or something: The song was perfect for the soft vocals that are her stock-in-trade. at times: sometimes: You can be really annoying at times, you know.,25,4) 实例,If you can do something at will, you can do it any time you want.He told us that w
31、e could wander around at will. at ease: relaxed She soon put/set me at ease (= made me relaxed). at odds: to disagree: Her version of events was at odds with (= very different from) the police report.,26,二、考题分析,题目类型： 1）词义识别 2）词义辨析（形近、义近） 3）句子衔接 4）习语俚语,27,二、考题分析,题目类型： 1）词义识别 11. I like cats but unfor
32、tunately I am _ to them. (2007/03) A. vulnerable B. allergic C. inclined D. hostile 7. One candidate is so _ that even his own supporters cannot say what he stands for. (2006/10) A. dynamic B. evasive C. vigorous D. tangible,28,二、考题分析,vulnerable: able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentall
33、y hurt, influenced or attackedTourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid. inclined: tending or wanting to do something artistically/technically, etc. inclined: having natural artistic/technical, etc. ability Shes very bright, but shes not academ
34、ically inclined. hostile: unfriendly and not liking or agreeing with somethingIm not hostile to (= against) the idea of change as such.,29,二、考题分析,dynamic: having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm; energetic and forceful Shes young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team. vigorous: very forc
35、eful or energetic; healthy and strong Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. evasive: answering questions in a way that is not direct or clear, especially because you do not want to give an honest answer The Minister was her usual evasive self, skillfull
36、y dodging reporters questions about her possible resignation. tangible: real or not imaginary; able to be shown, touched or experienced We need tangible evidence if were going to take legal action.,30,二、考题分析,题目类型： 1）词义识别 12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become _ and ar
37、e no longer used in the present days. (2007/03) A. obsolete B. obscene C. obvious D. oblique 4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _in the man and woman who had eased their suffering. (2007/03) A. confide B. ponder C. dwell D. reflect,31,二、考题分析,obsolete: not in use any more, havin
38、g been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. obscene: offensive, rude or shocking, usually because too obviously related to sex or showing sex In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene videotapes. oblique: d
39、escribes remarks which are not direct, so that the real meaning is not immediately clear She made several oblique references to the current financial situation.,32,二、考题分析,confide in: to share your feelings and secrets with someone because you trust them not to tell other people Shes nice, but I dont
40、 feel I can confide in her. ponder: to think carefully about something, especially for a noticeable length of time She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game. dwell on: to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant In his speech, he dwelt on t
41、he plight of the sick and the hungry. reflect: to think carefully, especially about possibilities and opinions The manager demanded time to reflect (on what to do).,33,二、考题分析,题目类型： 2）词义辨析（形近、义近） 5. Sophisticated equipment, white coats and medical _serve to make most lay people feel ignorant and less
42、 important. (2006,10) A. jargon B. accent C. dialect D. idiom 5. We all buy things on the _ of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy.” (2007/03) A. urge B. force C. spur D. rush,34,二、考题分析,urge: a strong wish, especially one which is difficult or impossible to controlThe urg
43、e to steal is very strong in many of the young men we look after here. force: physical, especially violent, strength or power The police were able to control the crowd by sheer force of numbers (= because there were more police than there were people in the crowd). spur (of the moment): describes a
44、decision, action, etc. that is sudden and done without any planning We just jumped in a car on the spur of the moment and drove to the seaside. rush: when you have to hurry or move somewhere quicklyEveryone seemed to be in a rush.,35,二、考题分析,题目类型： 3）句子衔接 16. At first the university refused to purchas
45、e the telescope, but this decision was _ revised. （2006/03） A. consecutively B. consequently C. successively D. subsequently 2. In fear for their lives and in _of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War. (2007/03) A. wa
46、y B. view C. vision D. pursuit,36,二、考题分析,consecutive: describes events, numbers, etc. that follow one after another without an interruption This is the fifth consecutive weekend that Ive spent working, and Im a bit fed up with it. consequent: happening as a result of something Our use of harmful che
47、micals and the consequent damage to the environment is a very serious matter. successive: happening one after the other without any break He won the World Championship for the third successive year. subsequent: happening after something else The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation
48、from the government.,37,二、考题分析,by way of: as a type of He sent me some flowers by way of an apology. in view of: because of a particular thing, or considering a particular fact In view of what youve said, I think we should reconsider our proposed course of action. vision: an idea or mental image of something Johnny was late home and, as usual, I had visions of him lying dead in some alley. pursuit: when you try to achieve a plan, activity or situation, usually over a long period of time The union is on strike in pursuit of (= the act of trying to achieve) a 10% pay increase.,
