1、直接引语变间接引语 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,丰顺中学高一英语科组,直接引语变间接引语,1、相关定义,2、基本原则,3、直接引语变间接引语的方法,一、直接引语和间接引语的定义,回主菜单,我们引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。,注意：间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。,例如：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）,John said， “I like reading story books.”,
2、约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）,John said that he liked reading story books。,回主菜单,二、基本原则,1、人称的变化,2、时态的变化,3、时间状语、地点状语，指示代词、方向性动词的变化,回主菜单,1、人称的变化： 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称往往要根据说者、听者或第三者作出相应的变化（包括人称代词、物主代词反身代词和名词性物主代词）变化。,Tom ask Lily, “Could you help me with my English?.”,Tom ask Lily if she could help him with his English.,
3、回主菜单,回上一层,人称变化的规律：,1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称：,Henry said，“I dont want to stay here.”,Henry said that he didnt want to stay there,2）直接引语中的第二人称常常依主句中位于动词后面的谈话对象而定，若后面没有谈话对象，则常变为第一人称。,She said to Tom, “You must finish your work tonight.”,She told Tom that he must finish his work that night.,Tom said，“You
4、must finish your homework today.”,Tom told me I had to finish my homework that day,回主菜单,回上一层,3）直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，常不变。,She said. “He will go to see his friend.“,She said he would go to see his friend.,回主菜单,回上一层,2. 时态的变化直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态，变化如下：,过去将来时,一
5、般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时（不变）,过去完成时（不变）,回主菜单,回上一层,直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的几种情况：,1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,He always says, “I am tired out.”,He always says that he is tired out.,2）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间（如具体的过去某年、某月、某日）作状语时,Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 20, 1980.,Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 198
6、0 .,回主菜单,回上一层,3）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时,He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”,He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.,4）当直接引语是谚语、格言、或客观真理、自然现象时,Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”,Our teacher told us
7、that light travels faster than sound.,回主菜单,回上一层,5）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，,He said, “She must be a teacher.”,He said that she must be a teacher.,The doctor said, “ You should drink plenty of water.”,The doctor said I should dri
8、nk plenty of water.,回主菜单,回上一层,3. 时间状语、地点状语，指示代词、方向性动词的变化,1）时间状语的变化,回主菜单,回上一层,2）指示代词： these - those this - that,3）地点状语： here - there,4）方向性动词：come - gobring - take,回主菜单,回上一层,三、直接引语变间接引语的方法,1、直接引语是陈述句,2、直接引语是一般疑问句、反意问句或者选择问句,3、直接引语是特殊疑问句,4、直接引语是祈使句,5、直接引语是表示请求或建议的疑问句,6、直接引语是感叹句,回主菜单,1、直接引语是陈述句,间接引语应改为由
9、that引导的宾语从句 ，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说“said that”, “said to sb. that”, “told sb. that”，不可直接说“told that”, 如：,She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“,She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.,He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.”,He told us t
10、hat he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）,回主菜单,回上一层,2 、直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”,He asked whether I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.,He said, “You are interested
11、in English, arent you?”,He asked me whether I was interested in English.,“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“,He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.,注意：直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror.,回主菜单,回上一层,3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。,She asked me, “
12、When do they have their dinner?“,She asked me when they had their dinner.,He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”,He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,注意：如果直接引语是问句，变成间接引语后宾语从句必须用陈述句语序,回主菜单,回上一层,4、直接引语为祈使句,1）直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell sb.(not)
13、to do sth.” “ ask sb.(not) to do sth” “order sb.(not) to do sth句型，如果主句谓语动词没有宾语，要补上合适的宾语。直接引语中的中的please要去掉,He said，“Be seated, please.”,He asked us to be seated.,“Be careful with your handwriting.” he said.,He told me to be careful with my handwriting.,The officer said to the villagers .“Dont come he
14、re again!”,The officer ordered the villagers not to go there again.,回主菜单,回上一层,2）如果直接引语带有警告意味，变成间接引语后可以用warn sb. to do sth.或者warn sb. not to do sth.,“Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said.,The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permissi
15、on.,3）直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest doing sth.”或者suggest that+从句,He said, “ Lets go to the film.“,He suggested going to the film.,He suggested that they should go to see the film.,回主菜单,回上一层,5、当直接引语形式上虽然是疑问句，但是有表示请求，建议的意味时，变成间接引语后可用ask sb. to do sth. 或者suggest doing或者advise sb. to do sth.,
16、“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked.,He asked me to open the door.,“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.,He advised us to go out for a walk.,He suggested we go out for a walk.,回主菜单,回上一层,6、直接引语是感叹句,直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导,She said, “What a lovely day it is!”,She said what a lovely day it was.,She said that it was a lovely day.,回主菜单,回上一层,
