1、Unit 4 Holidays and Festivals Structure The Gerund (Revision),什么是动名词？,动名词由“动词+ing”构成，是带有动词性质的名词，可作主语，表语，宾语，定语。,动名词的结构,注意：否定式的not均放在整个动名词结构的前面,doing,having done,being done,having been done,e.g. 1. Collecting information is very important to business.2. Losing the ticket for the football match made hi
2、m so unhappy.3. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.,1.作主语:,Ex. 1. _ a foreign language needs hard work. A. Master B. Masters C. Mastered D. Mastering2. It is no use _ theory without practice.Ato learn B. learning C. learn D. learned3. _ there wont make too much difference. A. Toms going B. Tom
3、goneC. Tom goes D. Tom to go,D,B,A,2. 作表语 (Predicative),e.g. 1. My job is teaching.2. His favorite sport is playing tennis.,3. 作定语 (Attributive) (说明名词的用途),e.g. reading roomswimming pooldrinking water,4. 作宾语 (Object),e.g. I suggest doing it in another way.Thank you for helping me. 注意： (1) 只能用动名词作宾语的动
4、词有:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, miss, mind, practice, quit, risk, stand, suggest, understand等,(2）主动形式表被动含义的动名词 : want /need /require doing = want /need /require to be done be worth doing e.g. 1.The room needs painting. = The room needs to be
5、painted.2.The book is worth reading.,(3) advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend等动词后可直接用动名词，也可用带有逻辑主语的动词不定式。 advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend, consider + doing sth advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend, consider + sb. to do sth e.g. She doesnt allow talking here.She doesnt allow us to ta
6、lk here.,(4) 以下短语中的to是介词, 后接动名词:be used to, devoteto, in addition to, lead to, look forward to, object to, be opposed to, pay attention to, stick to, see to, turn to,Ex. 1. .Three officers narrowly escaped _ in the hotbottle. A. to be killed B. to kill C. have killed D. being killed2. Though he is o
7、nly nine, he objected to _ like a child. A. be treated B. have been treated C. being treated D. treating3. Your shoes are dirty. They need _badly.A. wash B. washed C. to wash D. washing4. The question is difficult, but it is worth_ out.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked5. I dont allow _ in my o
8、ffice and I dont allow my family _ at all. A. to smokesmoking B. smokingto smoke C. to smoketo smoke D. smokingsmoking,D,C,D,C,B,动名词的逻辑主语,(1) 动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语用名词所有格或物主代词,e.g. Marys making such rapid progress surprised us greatly.,His being punished is a matter of course.,动名词的逻辑宾语,(2) 动名词作宾语时，逻辑主语可由名词所有
9、格/物主代词表示, 也可由名词/代词宾格(口语和非正式语体中)表示。,e.g. Do you mind my reading your book?They all thought Lao Zhangs going there a great mistake.,I cant imagine him doing the work alone.My friend cant understand Tom treating him like that.,Ex. 1. I suggest _, for he has to wait for a long time to see the manager. A
10、. him to sit down B. he sits down C. he to sit down D. him sitting down2. You should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old and ill. A. your father stay B. your father to stay C. your fathers staying D. your father who stays,D,C,动名词与不定式的比较,1. 动名词表示一般习惯、抽象概念; 不定式往往表示具体或特定的动作.,Reciting texts is hel
11、pful to language studies.,背诵课文对语言学习是有帮助的。 （泛指，一般情况）,To recite the text is not easy.,背出这篇课文是不容易的。（特指，具体情况）,They stopped watching TV .They stopped to watch TV .,2. 带动名词结构和不定式意义不同的动词,(1) stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事,She worked all the morning. After finishing cooking, she went on to wash the clot
12、hes.After supper, she went on reading .,(2) go on to do 继续去做另一件事go on doing 继续做某事（同一件事）,If you want to improve the taste, try adding some sugar.Philip tried to answer each question by himself.,(3) try to do 尽力去做try doing 试着做,(4) mean to do 打算做,想要做mean doing 意味着做,Your plan will mean spending hours.I
13、didnt mean to make you angry.,(5) remember to do 记得去做remember doing 记得做过,I remembered locking the door. Remember to lock the door.,(6) forget to do 忘记去做forget doing 忘记做过,I forgot posting your letter.I forgot to post your letter.,(7) regret to do 遗憾地去做regret doing 后悔做过,I regret going there. I regret
14、to tell you the truth.,Ex. 1. I remember _ to the zoo by my father when I was little. A. being taken B. taking C. have been taken D. to have taken 2. I completely forgot _ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen. A. locking B. being locked C. to lock D. to have locked 3.
15、I regret _ you that your application has been refused. A. informing B. being informed C. to be informed D. to inform,A,A,D,4. They regretted _ these books from abroad. A. order B. to order C. ordering D. ordered5. I didnt mean _ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldnt help _one. A. to eattrying B. to eatto trying C. eatingto try D. eatingto trying,C,A,
