1、第二章 情态动词及动词的时态语态 、情态动词： 一、高考重点内容：1、can与be able to1）、表示能力时一般可以替换使用。,中学英语语法总复习,2）、表示“某事已成功”时，只能用was/were able to 而不用could. eg. He was able to come to the party on time in spite of the heavy rain.,3）、I dare say之后常接不带that的从句。意为“我想是这样”。eg. I dare say youre right.,2）、作实义动词时，dare之后可不带“to ”，但daring之后一定跟to d
2、o.eg. Being a child, he sat at the back, never daring to speak.,2、need与dare1）、作情态动词一般用在疑问句，否定句和条件从句中。,3、shall与should1）、表示求对方意见一般用在第一或第三人称的疑问句中。（第二人称一般用will）eg. Shall the boy wait outside the office?,2）、shall用在第二、第三人称可以表示许诺、命令、警告或威胁等。eg. You shall have the book as soon as I finish reading it.,3）、表示惊奇
3、、不同意或特别强调可用should。（常用在问句或惊叹句）eg. Why should you be so late today?,4）、should可以用来表示某种估计的情况，可译为“按理说或估计”等意思。eg. They should be there by now, I think.,4、will与would1）、wont与wouldnt均可表示“拒绝”。eg. 1) He wouldnt answer any questions at the meeting.,2) He wont do what he is told.,2）、可表示过去的习惯动作。cf. used to,5、表示猜测
4、的表达法。1）、对目前事情的猜测：a) 肯定的用must be 或must be doing,b) 否定的用cant be,c) 疑问的用can,d) 有一定可能的用may be,2）、对过去事情的猜测：a) 肯定的用must have done,b) 否定的用cant (couldnt) have done,c) 疑问的用can 或could,d) 有一定可能的用might have done,6、表示本来不必做的事而实际上又做了。要用neednt have done。,7、表示本应该做的事情，而实际上没做，要用should have done 或ought to have done 而表示
5、本不应该做的事情，而实际上做了，要用should not have done或ought not to have done,二.高考试题剖析:1） There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. (NMET 95)A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 答案,D,2) Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ b
6、e here at any moment. (NMET 95)A. must B. need C. should D. can 答案,C,3) Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. (NMET 96) A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 答案,B,4) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out. (NMET97)A. had to
7、 B. would C. could D. was able to 答案,D,5) “When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.”“They _ be ready by 12:00.” (NMET 98)A. can B. should C. might D. need 答案,B,6) “I stayed at a hotel while in New York.” “Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.” (NMET 98)A. could have stayed B. could
8、 stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 答案,A,7) - Will you stay for lunch ?- Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET 99)A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 答案,B,8) - Are you coming to Jeffs party ?- Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. (NMET 2000)A. must B. would C. should D.
9、might 答案,D,9) I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 答案：,B,10) Is John coming by train?- He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 答案 (NMET 2002),D,11) Sus
10、an _ written a report like this. (95 上海卷)A. can have B. mustnt have C. cant have D. ought to not have 答案：,C,12) I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying （95 上海卷）C. not dare say D. dared say 答案,D,13) When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work e
11、very day. (96 上海卷)A. would B. should C. had better D. might答案,A,15) Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. (96 上海卷) A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt 答案,14) Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later
12、. A. had said B. said (96 上海卷)C. might say D. might have said 答案,D,A,17) “ Could I call you by your first name?” “ Yes, you _.” （98 上海卷）A. will B. could C. may D. might 答案,16) Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (97 上海卷)A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arri
13、ved D. need not have arrived答案,C,C,18) There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海卷）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 答案,D,19) My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. (2000 上海卷) A. couldnt have attende
14、d B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 答案,A,21) It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002 上海卷)A. can B. will C. may D. shall 答案,20) You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to
15、a lady. (2001 上海卷) A. might B. need C. should D. would 答案,C,D,22) I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.- It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be (2002北京卷)C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 答案,C,、动词的时态与语态 一、高考主要内容：A.时态 1、一般现在时：1）、注意第三人称为主语时动词的变化。,2）、时刻表的表达一般都用
16、一般时。,2、一般过去时 1）、有些动词常用过去时。如：forget, know, think, realize及recognize, etc.,2）、叙述在过去一段时间里发生的事情，常用过去时。,3）、叙述死人的事情，一般用过去时。,4）、事情已发生，问在什么时间或地点发生的要用过去时。,3、一般将来时1）、cf. be going to，be to do与be about to do,2）、在条件或时间状语从句中要用一般时态表示将来发生的事情。（主将从现）,4、现在进行时：1）、 have, be, hear, see, like, remember, find 及sound等一般不用进行
17、时。,2）、 go, come, start, leave及arrive可用进行时表示将来。,3）、be always doing表示正在干，常有责备或表扬之意。,4）、be asking for trouble习惯都用进行时。,5、过去进行时：1）、过去某一时刻或某一时间（一般有强调）正在进行的动作，一般用过去进行时。,2）、两个动作同时发生在过去某一时刻，这时终止性动词一般用过去时，持续性动词一般用过去进行时。,6、现在完成时：1）、终止性动词的完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：come, go,become, die, marry, begin, start, buy
18、 ,join及leave等。注意使用Its+ 一段时间since句型。,2）、含有以下的短语的状语句子，常用现在完成时：so far, for+ 一段时间，since+ 点上时间，recently, in the last(past)+ 一段时间，these days及this month(week, year)等。,3）、先行词如有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成时。,4）、cf. have been to, have gone to及have been in,5）、注意用完成时时ever与never的区别。eg. This is the most interesting f
19、ilms that I have ever seen.,7、过去完成时：1)、在过去某一时刻之前已完成的动作一般要用过去完成时。常见的状语有by the time of +过去时间或by the time +从句（用过去时）。,2）、两个动作都发生在过去，早发生的动作要用过去完成时，迟发生的动作要用一般过去时。,3）、动词hope, wish, expect, think, intend或mean若用过去完成时，它表示过去想做而因某种原因而没做成。eg. We had thought to pay a visit to our English teacher last night, but w
20、e had too much work.,4）、注意在宾语从句中过去完成时的应用。,5）、叙述过去发生事情的原因时, 一般用过去完 成时。,8、过去将来时：该时态常用在宾语从句中。,9、现在完成进行时：该时态强调动作刚刚完成或要继续下去。,10、过去完成进行时：该时态表示过去某时刻之前动作刚完成或要继续下去。,B.语态：1、系动词与半系动词一般无被动态。,2、以下动词短语不用被动态。begin, happen, cost, last, appear, belong to, break out及take place等,3、want, need, require +Ving主动形式，表示被动态概念
21、。 eg. These young trees need watering.,4、有些动词用主动式表示被动概念。常见的动词：sell, wash, shut, write及read等。eg. The window wont shut.,二.高考试题剖析:1) - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 9568442. (NMET 95)A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案,A,2) -_ the sports meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depe
22、nds on the weather. (NMET 95)A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 答案,A,3) You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. (NMET 95)A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案,B,I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring (NMET 95)C. has just stared D.
23、 had just stared 答案,B,5) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (NMET 95)A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell 答案,B,6) - _ my glasses?- Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen (NMET 96)C. Would you see D. Have you seen 答
24、案,D,7) Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. (NMET96)A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 答案,C,8) I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET 97)A. has worked B. was working C. had been wor
25、king D. had worked 答案,B,9) - Is this raincoat yours? - No, mine _ there behind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung (NMET 97)C. hangs D. hung 答案,A,10) - Who is Jerry Cooper? - _? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. （NMET 97）A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you m
26、eet him yet D. Havent you met him yet 答案,D,11) - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 答案 (NMET 97),C,12) “ Nancy is not coming tonight.” “ But she _ !” (NMET 98)A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 答案,B,
27、13) Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. (NMET 98) A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 答案,D,14) “Hi, Tracy, you look tired.” (NMET 98)“I am tired. I_ the living room all day.” A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have pai
28、nted 答案,C,16) - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. (NMET 99)A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice 答案,15) The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down (NMET 99)C. has gone down D. was going down 答案,C,B,1
29、7) - Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone (NMET 2000)C. I go D. Im going 答案,A,18) - How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling (NMET 2000)C. dont feel D. havent felt 答案,D,19) The reporter said that
30、the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. (NMET 2000)A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 答案,A,20） Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed (NMET 2001)C. will have changed D. will change 答案,A,
31、21) I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (NMET2001)A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 答案,D,22) Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request (NMET 2001)C. are requesting D. are requested 答案,D,23) You havent said a word about my new
32、 coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry. I _ anything about it sooner, I certainly think its pretty on you. (NMET 2002)A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say答案,D,24) I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(NMET 2002)A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C.
33、wont write D. hadnt written 答案,A,25) - Oh, its you! I _ you. - Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses. (96 上海卷)A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize 答案,A,26) - I havent heard from Henry for a long time.- What do you suppose _ to him? A. was happe
34、ning B. to happen （97 上海卷）C. has happened D. had happened 答案,C,27) My uncle _ until he was forty-five.A. married B. didnt marry （ 2000 上海卷） C. was not marrying D. would marry 答案,B,28) In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2000 上海卷)A. have survived B. are to surviveC. w
35、ould survive D. will survive 答案,B,He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A. will graduate B. will have graduatedC. graduates D. is to graduate 答案 (2002上海卷),C,30) Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?_ It _. (2002上海卷)A. all depend B. all
36、 depends C. is all depended D. is all depending 答案,B,31) The little girl _ her heart out, because she _ her toy and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost 答案 (2002北京卷),B,32) Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? Of course. What is it? I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 答案 (2002北京卷),B,
