1、1高考英语语法专项复习学案 2011-4-30助动词与情态动词（一）助动词有 be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。/1、 be (am, is, are, were, been)(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2） “be + 过去分词 ”构成被动语态；（3） “be + 动词不定式 ”构成复合谓语：表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。 用于命令。Youre
2、to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。2、 have (has, had) (1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?23、 do (does, did)(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesnt like playing basket.；(2) “Do +
3、主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于肯定祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasnt in 我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 4.will, shall (would, should)“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来
4、说 shall 用于第一人称，will 用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用 will代替 shll，如： We will have a meeting to discuss the problem. （二）情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能” 、 “可以” 、3“需要” 、 “必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带 to 的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词 ought 要和带 to 的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加 not 既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基
5、本用法分述如下：1、 can 和 could (could 为 can 的过去式 ) 的基本用法(1)表示能力，如： He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑” 、 “猜测”或“可能性” ，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dongs? (3)表示“许可”时 can 可以和 may 换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用 could 代替 can，这时could 不再是 can 的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorr
6、ow? (5)can 和 be able to 都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是 can 只能有现在式和过去4式，而 be able to 则有更多的形式，如： He will be able to do the work better.2、 may 和 might (might 为 may 的过去式 )的基本用法(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说 “可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用 may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：- May I use
7、this dictionary? - Yes, please. 或 - Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I? 就比用 May I? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“ 阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用 must not 代替 may not，如： - May we swim in this lake? - No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous. (2)may 或 might 都可以表示可能性，表示“或许” 、 “可能”之意，如果用 might表示可能性，则语气更加不
8、肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now . 53、 must 的基本用法(1)must 表示“必须” 、 “应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustnt，表示 “不应该” ， “不准” 、 “不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. (2)对以 must 提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用 neednt 或用 dont (doesnt) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用 mustnt，
9、因为 mustnt 表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：- Must we finish the work tomorrow? - No, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中 must 可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：- Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one. 4、 can, could, may, must 后
10、接完成式的用法(1)can, could 后接完成式的用法：在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could 6he have said so? 在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：- When did you answer her letter? - Only yesterday. - Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might 后接完成式的用法 表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使
11、用 might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must 后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isnt in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、 have to 的基
12、本用法： have to 和must 的意义相近，只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则表示客观需7要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. 6、 ought to 的基本用法(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比 should 强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与 must 表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家) ，He ought to
13、 be home by now .(不十分肯定) ，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ought to+ have+ 过去分词 ”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didnt) 这时，ought 与 should 可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中 ought to 用于否定和疑问句时 to 可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt s
14、moke so much.7、 dare 的基本用法(l)dare (dared 为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he break the traffic 8regulations again? (2)在现代英语中 dare 常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.8、 need 的基本用法(1)need 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He neednt worry about us now. (2)need 也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句
15、，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)neednt后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：- Did you answer the letter yesterday? - Yes, I did. - But you neednt have answered it. 9、 shall 的基本用法(1)shall 用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，可表示“命令” 、 “警告” 、 “强制” 、 “威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：H
16、e shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall 用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意9见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?10、 should 的基本用法(1)should 作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告” ，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should 后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help. 11、 will 的基本
17、用法(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意愿”或“决心” ，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作或事物的特性，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.12、 wou
18、ld 的基本用法(1)would 作为 will 的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或10“决心” ，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用 will 的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would 可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used t
19、o 正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.13、 used to,
20、 had better, would rather 的用法(1)used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、11否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usednt to / didnt use to go there. (usednt 也可写作 usent)；否定疑问句：
21、Usent you to/ Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句： I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didnt she?/ use(d)nt she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ us
22、ed to. (2)had better 意为“最好” ，后接不带to 的不定式，例如：- We had better go now . - Yes, we had (wed better/ we had better)./ Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think Id better be going. (用于进行时态，表 “最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注： had better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)would
23、 rather 意为“宁愿” ，表选择，12后接不带 to 的不定式，例如：Id rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ - Wouldnt you rather stay here? - No, I would not. Id rather go there. 由于 would rather 表选择，因 而后可接 than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the
24、 film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. (句中的 d rather 不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)情态动词基础训练1. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 2. -There
25、were already five people in the car, but managed to take me as well.-It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 3. -Why didnt you come to see me? -I _, but I was too busy yesterday.A. like to B. should like to C. would like to have D. am going to4.
26、 You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would5. There was plenty of time; she _.13A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurriedC. may not have hurried D. wouldnt have hurried6. -Is John coming by air?-He should, but _ not. He likes taking
27、trains.A. must B. can C. need D. may7. -_ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?-No. It _ be Wang Hai who did it.A. Could; may B. Can; can C. May; must D. Can; must8. When the old man was alive, he _ sit for hours at the door.A. would B. could C. must D. might9. Jack, you _ play with the knife; you _ hu
28、rt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should10. Ive decided to take the job and I _ change my mind.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. may not11. She _ into the thick forest alone on such a dark nightA. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesnt dare to go12.
29、My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always _ look it up.A. must B. can C. should D. have to13. -Where is Jack? I cant find him anywhere.-He _ his homework upstairs.A. might have done B. must have done C. might be doing D. must do14. He _ you more help, even though he was very bus
30、y. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give15. -If he _, he _ that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken16. -I hear
31、youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _I have a look ? -Yes, certainly. (2002 春招)A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should17. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. (NMET98)14They be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need18. I_ such a mistake again.A. will never make
32、 B. shall never make C. can never do D. need never do19. He began to write two hours ago. He _ have finished the article now.A. must B. ought C. would D. had to 20. Looking at my determined face, the big boy _ pick up the fight. A. dares not B. dare not C. doesnt dare D. dares not to情态动词强化训练1Can I p
33、ay the bill by check?Sorry，sirBut it is the management rules of our hotel that payment be made in cashAshall Bneed Cwill Dcan2. -Must I renew the book now?-No, you _. You _ that before the deadline.A. mustnt; should do B. neednt; should have doneC. may not; should do D. cant; should have done3. Its
34、said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay. A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt4A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.Ashould Bcan Cmust Dwill5. They _ us willingl
35、y but that they happened to be short of hands, too.A. would help B. would have helped C. were going to help D. must have helped6Shall we invite Mr. White to our wedding?Thatll be nice if you .Ado Bshall Cwant Dshould7. The door _ open, no matter how hard Grandma pushed.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. might
36、nt D. shouldnt8. Its said that there are plenty of hotels in Wu Yi Shan. There _ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.15A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt9. Helen the money from the office. She didnt come into the office on the day it was stolen.A. neednt have stolen B. might
37、have taken C. must have taken D. cant have stolen10. Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, it is the rule that every driver _ obey in this city.A. shall B. can C. has to D. need11. As to the question of whether we will sell our house or who we shall sell the house to,
38、 you _ have an answer by tomorrow.A. will B. shall C. could D. must12. John was a little annoying, and he _ choose the day I had friends coming, to start painting the bathroom.A. might B. should C. must D. could13. -I cant find my dictionary. -You _ it in the classroom.A. must leave B. must forget C
39、. must have forgotten D. must have left14. You should have told me there was no class today. I _ all the way here through the heavy rain.A. mustnt have run B. neednt have run C. shouldnt have run D. cant have run情态动词高考题2007 年高考1. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it
40、is now heavily polluted. （全国卷 I） A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. （上海卷）Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. must B. should C. must have D. should have3. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted tim
41、e on him, I suppose. （安徽卷）A. should B. can C. would D. must4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. （北京卷）A. can B. may C. must D. will165. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? （福建卷）A. can B. must C. should D. would6. The biggest problem f
42、or most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. （湖南卷）A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt 7. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. （江苏卷）I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. shouldB. could C. must D. might8. Where is my dictionary?
43、 I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place. （江西卷）A. must put B. should have put C .might put D. might have put9. Turn off the TV, Jack _ your homework now?Mum, just ten more minutes, please. （辽宁卷）A. Should you be doing B. Shouldnt you be doing C. Couldnt you be doing D. Will you b
44、e doing10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her their. （陕西卷）A. could B. must C. might D. should11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. （上海春）Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dshouldnt12. 一 What does the sign over there read?一“No person _
45、 smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”（四川卷）Awill B may Cshall D. must13. My cats really fat.You _ have given her so much food. （浙江卷）A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 14. What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them and
46、be yourself. （重庆卷）A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant2008 年高考1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. （福建卷）17A. must B. can C. should D. would2. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.（湖南卷）A. must B. need C. can D. would 3. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. （江苏卷）A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mu
