1、定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,He is a clever boy. 他是一个聪明的男孩。 He is a physics teacher. 他是一个物理老师。 Australia is an English-speaking country. 澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语 等来充当，修饰名词。,The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.,1. The girl behind the tree is Kate.2.The man drivi
2、ng too fast was a drunk.,= The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.,= The man who was driving too fast wasa drunk.,定语从句,定语从句,定语从句的位置 定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。This is the car which he bought last year.,定语从句,定语从句,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。,定语从句,先行词：,引导词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 关系副词 when, whe
3、re, why,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.,先行词,定语从句,引导词的作用： (1) 引导定语从句(2) 在从句中作一成分(3) 代替先行词在从句中的 位置,关系代词,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small.,The apple which is green i
4、s big.,指人,作主语,作宾语,作定语,指物,既指人 也指物,who that,whom who that,whose,that which,that which,whose,that,that,whose,作表语,that,that,that,关系代词的指代关系,whose指物时, 可以与 of which 调换,关系代词作宾语可省略,引导定语从句关系代词的用法：,1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.,2)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious.,3)Lets ask the man t
5、hat/who is reading the book over there.,4)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.,(主语),(宾语),(主语),(宾语),指人whom/who/that都可作宾语，whom为最好选择,5)Thats the man whose house was burned down.,(定语),3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, tha
6、t, which or whose.,1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.,that / which,that / who,which /that,6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .,4. A house _ is built on sand may fall d
7、own in a earthquake.,5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .,which / that,who/whom/that,whose,1. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library.,which that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。,correction,all,2. This is the best fil
8、m which I have ever seen.,which that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。,best,3. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.,如果先行词既指人又指物时, 常用that引导定语从句。,that,things and persons,4. Everything which we saw was of great interest
9、.,当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。,which that或去掉which。,Everything,不用that的场合如下： 1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I
10、 was looking for.,1. The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2. The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,介词关系代词引导的定语从句先行词：物 - 介词+which人 - 介
11、词+ whom物/人- 介词+ whose+n,The room in which there is a machine is workshop. The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher. This is the boss in whose factory my father works,注意: 1. 介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择 看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配) 先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词 通过整个句子整体含义来判断 2. whom, which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在which之前,
12、也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上.,1. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. who B. to whom C. to who D whom 2. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that,3.The Second World War _ millions ofpeople were kil
13、led was in 1945A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which,关系副词 when, where, why的用法,关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语,When = in/at/on/+which; Where = in/at/on/+which; Why = for /+which,作状语：关系副词 when 时间where 地点why 原因,1. This is the factory _ he works. 2. I dont know the reason _ he was late. 3. I still
14、 remember the day _ I met him.,where,why,when,=in which,for which,on which,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。 2.要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。 1）This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 2）Ill never forget the days when I worked t
15、ogether with you. 3）Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.,1.Ill never forget the days _we spent together in Paris. 2.Ill remember the days _we stayed together.3.This is the factory _we visited last year.4.This is the house _Lincoln oncelived.,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,vt
16、.,vi.,vt.,vi.,during which,in which,This is the house . I lived in it two years ago.,This is the house_ I lived in two years ago.,This is the house _ I lived two years ago.,This is the house _ I lived two years ago.,(that/which),in which,where,as与which引导 的定语从句,小结: as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句, 可以在从句中做主语,宾语
17、或表语,代替主句或先行词.,1. He married her, _was natural.,2. _we can see, he is honest.,3. The dog, _is black, is running toward the strange man.,which,As,which,as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首,句中或句末 ，as一般译成 “正如一样,像”.,4. _is known to all, China is a developing country.,5.She has been late again,_ is expected.,6. He has bee
18、n to Paris for ten times, _ I dont believe.,which引导的定语从句不能放句首.,AS,as,which,*,*,as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如： 1as anybody can see / as we all can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 2as is well known =as is known to all 众所周知 3as was expected =as we had expected 正如预料的那样 4as many people think正如许多人认为的那样 6as I remember 正如我记得的那样 7
19、. as it often happens = as was usual 像往常一样,限制性定语从句，当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as, 构成suchas , the same as 结构.,1.He is not such a fool_ he looks.2.Dont read such books_ youcant understand. 3.She wore the same skirt _her younger sister wore.,as,as,as,3. _is known to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim pa
20、ssed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office.,As,which,as/ that/ which It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句是否 缺主语或宾语:,(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as,(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that,（定语从句）,（结果状语从句）,当先行词是the way时,引导词可以用that或in which ,还可以省略,I dont like the way _ you laugh at her.,that /in which,特别注意,
