1、1中考英语试题专题练习：定语从句学案：定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)等,关系副词包 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,
2、主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人 ,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的 音乐。(that 作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语) 2.which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
3、The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom 用于指人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中 ,有时可用 who 代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我
4、的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 2Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
5、21cnjycom(2)含有介词的固定动词词组 中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如 : This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如 : The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用 that 的情况 : a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 ,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如 : He was t
6、he first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,只能用 that,而不用 which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 ? c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 whic
7、h.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时 ,只能用 that, 而不用 which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用 that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是 there be 结构,修饰
8、主语的定语从句用 that,而不用 which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情况: a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限
9、制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间,其先行词表示时间 ,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where 指地点 ,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: 3This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如 : Nobody knows the reaso
10、n why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 练习一1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. whic
11、h C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree www.21-cn-6. My watch is not the only thing _
12、 is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where
13、 D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost ever
14、ything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 21世纪*教育网答案：CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .www-2-1-cnjy-com练习二1、 What are you looking for? Im looking for the ring _ my husband bought me last yea
15、r4Awho Bthat C what2、Have y ou found the information about famous scientists _ you can use for the report? 21 世纪教育网版权所有Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet.A. where B. which C. what D. who3、 Mr. Chen is a teacher _ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable.A. which B. when C. who D. what4 Whi
16、ch invention do you like best?QQ. It is an invention _ can help us communicate with others online freely.21cnjyA. what B. that C. who5、This is the room in _ I lived last year.A. which B. that C. where D. 【出处：21 教育名师 】6、Shakespe are( 莎士比亚 ）is a great writer _ is considered as a genius ( 天才 ）21 教育名师原创
17、作品I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much.A. when B. who C.which7、 Id like to read some Chinese classics. Any suggestion? Journey to the West. Its a book _ is about Monkey King.A. what B. who C. that 8、Theaters may h ave a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience5
18、people cannot get at home.A. that B. who C. whom D. what9、The earth is the planet _ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. Its our duty to protect it.21 教育网A. who B. that C. where 10、 What are you doing, Tim? I am listening to the song Long Live _ makes me feel excite
19、d.Awhich B who C/11、Stu dying in groups is a popular way _ can develop students abilityAwhich Bwhat Cwho Dwhom2-1-c-n-j-y12、Xiandao La ke in Yangxin is the famous place _ well visit next week.Athat Bwho Cwhere Dwhom13、Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything _come
20、s into sight is so new to me.21*cnjy*comA. that B. which C. who D. whom14、Which song do you like better, Maria?I prefer the song Manual of Youth_ is sung by TFBOYS.A. which B. who Cwhom D. where15、Is that the girl with_ you discussed the problem yesterday afternoon A. that B. who C. whom D. which 16
21、、 Have you seen the photos _ I took on my trip?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】 Yes, I have. They are fantastic. 6A. that B. who C. what D. whom17、I cant fin d the book about famous sportsmen _ I borrowed from the library yesterday. 【版权所有：21 教育】A. which B. who C. what D. whom18、She came up with an idea _ intereste
22、d all her friends.A. which B. who C. what D. it19、Is that all?Yes. Thats all _ I want to take.A. which B. that C. who D. whose20、We all li ke the teachers_class is interesting and creative(有创造性的)Awhich Bwhose C who Dthat21、I don t know the teacher _ is talking with Miss WangAwhat Bwhom Cwhich Dwho22
23、、I like the places _ the weather is warm.【来源：21世纪教育网】A. that B. where C. which23、 Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree ?A. what B. which C. who24、I don t like stories _ have unhappy endingsAwho Bthat Cwhere Dthose25、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. A. where B. when C. tha
24、t D. which26、_ wants to go to the park this weekend, raise your hands, please.A. Anyone who B. Those who C. Anyone D. Who 727、We use d to study in the old building_ was broken down last year.A. which B. where C. what28、I don t remember the book yesterday.A. where I put B. where did I put C. where I
25、putted D. where I did put29、This is the best hotel in the city_ I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it30、-Have you found the information about famous people _ you can use for the report?-Not yet. Ill search for some on the Internet.A. which B.who C. what D. whom31、 Peter, tell me the result of the d
26、iscussions_ you had with your partnerA. what B. which C. who 32、I don t know your brother.-Oh. The man _came to see me yesterday is my brother.A. who B. whose C. where D. whom33、A fri end is someone _ fills our lives with beauty, joy and grace, and makes the world we live in a better and happier pla
27、ce.A. which B. who C. where D. whom34、Do you know that woman?Yes. She is the woman _ saved the old mans life.A.who B.which C.whose D.where35、The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Mianyang in 1998.8A. it B. what C. that D. when36、- Do you know the boy_ is sitting next to Peter?- Yes. He is
28、Peters friend. They are celebrating his _ birthday. A. who; ninth B. that; nineth C. /; nineth D. which; ninth37、Have you fo und the information about famous people you can use for the report?Not yet. Ill search some on the internet.21*cnjy*comA. that B. who C. what D. whom参考答案选择题1、B2 、B3、C 4、B5、A 6、B7、C8、A9、B10、A11、A12、A13、A914、A15、C16、A17、B18、A19、B 考查定语从句。whi ch, that 的先行词都可为物，但当先行词是all，anything 等不定代词时，关系词用 that；who 的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选 B。20、B21、D22、B23、C24、B25、A26、A27、A28、A29、C30、A31、B32、A 33、B34、A 考查定语从句，先行词 the woman 指人，从句缺主语，故用 who 作引导词。故选 A。35、C1036、A37、A
