1、定语从句模块一:限制性定语从句一. 定义：1.名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句。2.被修饰的词叫做先行词The boy who is reading is Tom. 关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 关系副词二. 关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose2.关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. who and who
2、m who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.作宾语时，可用 whom, that 替换, 可以省略。 whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.先行词必须是人，作宾语。 2. which先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语This is the book which / that was written in easy English
3、 by our English teacher. 作主语时，关系词不可省略。The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作宾语时，关系词可以省略。注意：which and whom1. whom him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A. the same; as B. the same; whereC. the same ; that D
4、. as the same; as难点二：一些特殊词之后的 where where 引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 归纳：如果定语从句分别修饰 point, situation, part, condition 和 case 等表示抽象意义的词，常用
5、where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06 山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06 江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /难点三.综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：
6、强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。综合考查一：定语从句与强调句 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. Where2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. that 3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A. that B. whichC. where D. when综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句 1. We all have hear
7、d the news_ our team won. That2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday. That which综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）A. which; where B. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which 模块二:非限制性定语从句 限
8、制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：My watch, which is very old, stopped again.比较: This is the best book that I have read. This is a good book, which is easy to understand.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可
9、用 that，指人时用 who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1.限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词 as或 which引导。 2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.3.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。He is ill, in spite of which he keep
10、s on studying.例题:1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy(嫉妒) him. (2004, 天津卷) A. who B. that C. what D. which 2.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally(就我个人而论) I doubt(怀疑 ) very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which
11、模块三:定语从句专项练习题1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay
12、a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little
13、girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which7. The tre
14、atment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what9. I hope that the little _ I have been a
15、ble to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will becomewidespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What1
16、2. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There is no su
17、ch place _ you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will
18、 cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.A. when B.
19、that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same答案与解析：1. A. 主语与 run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those 指街道，所以不用 who而用 that 来引导定语从句。2.
20、 B. 因为在此题中 where 引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与 in which 相当。3. A. 因为先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句。4. B. 答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，另外，to 后还省略了动词原形paint。5. C. 因为 of which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whosetelephone number。6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。7. B. 因为表示“ 阶段、程度、地步”的 t
21、he point 在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where 引导定语从句。8. B. 因为先行词是 research centers 并在定语从句中作状语，所以用 where。9. C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing 等时，多用 that 引导定语从句。10. 因为先行词是 the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用 when 引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11. B. 先行词是 Taiwan is a part of China 整个主句，一般由 as 或
22、which 引导定语从句，但 which 引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as 有 “正如”之意，而 which 没有，所以用 as。顺便说说，原句改为： It is known to everybody that Taiwan is= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is12. A. 两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是 the day 和 Shen Zhou V was launched, theday 在定语从句中作状语，用 when 引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用 which。13. A. 因为替代不可数名词
23、(the bread) 只能用 that，排除 B 和 D；又因为先行词 that (the bread)在定语从句中作 buy 的宾语，用 which，所以选 A。14. D. 当定语从句的先行词前有 such, so, as 等词语时，由 as 引导，并且 as 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as 在此题中作 dream of 的宾语。注意：在表示“如此以致”的 such /sothat结构中，that 不作任何句子成份。15. B. 考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes 他们所有的房子。16. D. 因为先行词是前面整个句子，且
24、在从句中作主语，所以用 which。of course 是插入语。17. D. 将疑问句改为陈述句： this research center is显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one 来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词 where。假若在 this 后加 the，就选 where，请想想这是为什么。18. A. 因为先行词是 the days，并在定语从句中作状语。19. B. 当先行词前有 so 时，用 as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift 后加上 it，答案就是 that 了，请想想这是为什么。20. C. 因前后均的句子，必须要选连词
25、，排除 B 和 D；又因在介词后不能用 that 来引导定语从句，所以选 C。during which time 在那段时间里。模块四:定语从句历年高考题解析1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET 1996)A. which B. thatC. where D. when2. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. (
26、NMET 1999)A. it B. thatC. when D. which3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000)A. who B. whichC. this D. what4. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)A. It B. AsC. That D. What5.
27、 The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET2001)A. until B. thatC. when D. where6. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. (1994 上海卷)A. Which B. AsC. That D. It7. In the office I never seem to have time un
28、til after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have got home. (1995 上海卷)A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which8. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. (1997 上海卷)A. once they grew B. they grew onceC. they once grew D. once grew9. He made another wonderful discovery,
29、_ of great importance to science. (1998 上海卷)A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think is10. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse. (1999 上海卷)A. who B. whomC. what D. which11. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very re
30、asonable. (2000 上海卷)A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose12. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001 上海卷 )A. where B. whichC. while D. why13. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English
31、words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. (2003 上海卷)A. why B. whichC. as D. where14. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. (2000 上海春)A. who B. about whomC. whom D. with whom15. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in year
32、s their team won the World Cup. (2000 北京春)A. that B. whileC. which D. when16. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expect. (2000 北京春)A. when B. thatC. which D. what17. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous? (2001 上海春)A. its B. itsC. whose D. which18. John
33、said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. (2001 北京春)A. he B. thisC. which D. who19. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002 上海春)A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained20. The famous basketballer, _ tried to ma
34、ke a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京春)A. where B. whenC. which D. who21. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春)A. which B. thatC. whose D. when22. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. (2
35、002 北京)A. what B. whichC. where D. when23. York, _ last year, is a nice old city. (2003 北京)A. that I visited B. which I visitedC. where I visited D. in which I visited24. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. (2004 北京春 )A. it B. thatC. this D. which25. The journey aro
36、und the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. (2004 广西卷)A. of which B. during whichC. from which D. for which26. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _are sold abroad. (2004 辽宁卷)A. of which B. which ofC. of them D. of that27. There are
37、two buildings, _stands nearly a hundred feet high. (2004 湖北卷)A. the larger B. the larger of themC. the larger one that D. the larger of which28. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004 全国卷)A. for which B. at whichC. in which D. on which【1995-2008 年 97 套
38、高考英语单项填空分类详解 定语从句】1. C。先行词是地点名词，且定语从句中缺地点状语 ，用关系副词 where。2. D。关系代词 which 代替 Carol 所说的话。句意为： Carol 说这工作将在十月完成，我本人对此表示怀疑。3. B。关系代词 which 代表前面整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。of course 为插入语，做题时可略去不看。4. B。关系代词 as 代表整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。5. C。先行词是表示时间的词 the hours，并在定语从句中作状语，因此选关系副词 when。定语从句与先行词被 back to me 分开。6. B。as 在定语从句中代表主句
39、。意为“正如” ，它引导的定语从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。which 也可以代表主句，意为“这 / 那件事” ，但它引导的定语从句只能放在主句的后面。7. D。on 不表钟点; by 指时间“ 到那时为止”。句意为“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5:30 才有空，那时，许多人都已回到家。 ”8. C。先行词是 those(指 those flowers)。they once grew 前省略了关系代词 which。副词 once 要放在行为动词前。句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。9. A。答案中的“I think”是插入语，如果将其去掉，便可清楚地看出答案。另外，
40、which 在题中引导一个非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。10. D。考点与是在第 20 小题相同，题干的句子结构也几乎一样。11. B。表示先行词所表示的“那个人或物的”用 whose或 theof which=of which。因此，表示 “花瓶的价格 ” 可说 the price of which 或 of which the price 或 whose price。另外，若在 its price 前加 and 也对。12. A。先行词是 situation，指地点位置，用 where(=in which)引导定语从句。13. D。先行词是 many cases，定语从句中缺状语(i
41、n many cases 在许多情况下)，用 where (=in which)引导定语从句。14. B。tell sb about把有关 的情况告诉某人。15. D。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 moment，关系词在从句中作状语，用 when。16. C。which 代表整个主句，在定语从句中作 hadnt expected 的宾语。17. C。用 whose 作定语。18.C。关系代词 which，代表 John 所说之事，在定语从句中作主语。which = and that / this / it。19. A。 the reason 后接定语从句。因为代表先行词 the reason
42、 的关系代词 that / which 作 explained 的宾语，所以被省略了。注意与 the reason why?不同：Is there any reason why you cant come? (why 在定语从句中作状语)20. D。先行词是人 The famous basketballer(著名的篮球明星)，用 who 引导定语从句。21. D。先行词是表时间的 age(时代) ，并在定语从句中作状语，用 when。22. C。先行词是地点名词 places，并在定语从句中作状语，用 where()。23. B。先行词虽然是表地点的 York，但代表它的关系词在定语从句中作及
43、物动词 visited 的宾语，排除 C 和 D; 又因 that 不可引导非限制性定语从句，排除 A。24. D。此题不仅考查定语从句，同时考查虚拟语气。其中的 without which 为介词加关系代词结构，介词短语表达与过去事实相反的条件。25. A。这是考查非限制性定语从句。因为 the sailing time 与 nine months 是部分与整体的关系，所以选 A：of which the sailing time =the sailing time of which =and the sailing time of the nine months。句意是：这次环球旅行花了这
44、个老水手 9 个月的时间，其中海上航行时间有 226 天。26. A。因为前后是句子，而又没有连词连接，所以选 A，将后句变成一个起补充作用的非限制性定语从句，80% of which=and 80% of them (其中 80%)。27. D。因前后是两个句子，必须要有连词将其连接，排除 A 和 B; 若选 C，那么 that引导的定语从句修饰 the large one，因缺少谓语动词而不成句子; 所以只有 D 正确：the larger of which =and the larger of them (其中较大的那一座建筑物 )。28. C。因为表示“在剧中演出”是 act in a play，所以选 C：my students acted in the play。
