1、Unit 2 Grammar The Passive Infinitive (动词不定式的被动态),Teaching Aim:比较动词不定式主动态与被动态用法上的相同与不同之处, 从而更进一步掌握好动词不定式.,完成式,进行式,一般式,被动语态,主动语态,不定式,-,-,完成进行式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have beendone,to have been doing,Step 1 Revision,Do you remember the following form?,他们假装没看到我们.,(1).They pretende
2、d,(2). He pretended,(3).She pretended,(4).She is said to,他假装在睡觉.,她假装之前已经知道这件事.,据说她研究这问题有好多年了.,Please translate:,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,not to see us.,to be sleeping.,to have known it before.,have been working on,the problem for many years.,一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动作（几乎）同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后.,完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前.,Step 2
3、 Please compare:,一般被动式表示不定式动作的逻辑主语是不定式动作的_, 又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作_或在_发生.,完成被动式表示不定式动作的逻辑主语是不定式动作的_, 又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之_.,承受者,同时发生,其后,承受者,前,小结:当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。,特点:,特点:,特点:,特点:,Step 3. 语法功能,To see is to believe. To be obeyed was natural to her.,主语,My job is to h
4、elp the patient. Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.,表语,根据已学知识, 观察判断以下有下划线的不定式在句子中所起的作用, 注意主动态与被动态的差异:,(1).,(2).,The workers demanded to get better pay. I should like to have been told the result earlier,宾语,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted(
5、升起).,宾语补足语,(3).,(4).,I have something to say. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.,定语,I came here to see you. He has returned only to be sent away again.,状语,(5).,(6).,Step 4 Attention! 以下主动形式表示被动意义:,在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。,The house needs repa
6、iring. = The house needs to be repaired,形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。,The picture-book is well worth reading =The picture-book is very worthy to be read,1,2,不定式在名词后面作定语, 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.,He has a lot of homework to do. I have something to
7、 do this afternoon.,试比较： Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。),3.,在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。,This problem is diffi
8、cult to work out . （可看作to work out省略了for me）.,4.,在tooto, enoughto结构中，不定式可用主动形式或被动形式表示被动含义, 但常用主动形式表示被动意义, 因为此时不定式前面可加逻辑主语。,This book is too expensive to be bought. This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.,The house is big enough to be lived in. The house is big enough (for us) to live in.,5.,在the
9、re be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人; 用被动形式作定语，重点在物。,There is no time to lose. (用to lose可看成for us to lose) There is no time to be lost(用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确),由于古英语的影响,下列动词 rent, blame, let(出租)等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。,Who is to blame for starting the fire? The flat is to rent/let.,6.,7.,1. Having
10、a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,2. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D.
11、 be persuaded,3. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame,B,C,A,Step 5 Exercises,4. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written 5. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed 6. -What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,B,C,C,
