1、课堂导学文本感知.My First Ride on a Train1.From the passage,we know that Alice Thompson is from _.A.ChinaB.AfghanC.AustraliaD.Austria2.The sentence “And what a ride!” in the first paragraph means that _.A.the writer enjoyed the long journeyB.the writer was made too tired from the long rideC.that was a long
2、and dangerous journeyD.he had nothing to see but desert3.The train of Ghan can run at about_ kilos per hour.A.100B.85C.75D.904.Before 1920s,_ _.A.Australians couldnt travel to the middle of the countryB.Australians didnt dare to travel in the endless desertC.Australians could only travel to the midd
3、le of the country by riding horsesD.camels played an important part in traveling through the desert5.The whole passage mainly tells us_.A.the importance of the desert in AustraliaB.horses are of no use in traveling in desertC.its cruel to kill thousands of camelsD.the transport to the middle of Aust
4、ralia答案:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D.The Maglevthe Fastest Train in the World1.From the first paragraph,we know that it is _ from Pudong Airport to Longyang station.A.400 kilometresB.30 kilometresC.133 kilometresD.240 kilometres2.Whats not the advantage of the Maglev train to the passengers?A.High speed.B.Ma
5、gnetic levitation technology.C.Having no rails.D.Being quiet.3.Why are Zhu Rongji and German Chancellor mentioned in the passage?A.To show the great value of this kind of train.B.To show the thanks to Germans for their help.C.To have a trial use of this kind of train.D.No special reasons,they both h
6、appened to be there.4.From this passage,we can conclude that _.A.this kind of trains are only used in ShanghaiB.Germany is going to introduce magnetic levitation technologyC.Shanghai takes the lead in developing the Maglev trains in the worldD.Maglev trains can increase their speed of themselves5.Fr
7、om this passage,we know that _.A.Maglev trains can run at more than the speed of 501 kilometres per hourB.Maglev trains have no noise because they need no tracksC.it was vacuum that drives this kind of train forwardD.this kind of train had been developed bef ore 2002,though not running so fast答案:1.B
8、 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A难句透视1.Match the verbs with the means of transport in activity 1.Some of the verbs can refer to more than one means of transport.从下列的动词中找出与活动一中的交通手段相匹配的动词。有些动词的意思不仅仅是指一种交通工具。剖析：match.with.把与相匹配。match 在此作动词,意为“找相似物或相配之物”;means 是名词,单复数同形,意为“手段;工具”;transport 是不可数名词,指“运输,交通”;refer to 意为“指
9、的是”;more than 意指“不仅仅是” 。2.We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs,right in the middle of Australia,more than four thousand kilometers away.我们在悉尼上车;正好在澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。剖析：get on 指上(车、船、飞机等公共交通工具 );get off 下( 车、船、飞机等公共交通工具);get into 指上(非公共交通工具的汽车);get out of 下(车) 与 get into 相对应;in the midd
10、le of.在中间;right 在这里是副词,表示“正好”;more than four thousand kilometers away 作后置定语修饰 Alice Springs。more than 的意思是“超过” 。3.For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey,the scenery was very colourful.对于前几千米的旅程来 说,风景还是非常多彩的。 剖析：For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey 是介词短语 ,for 的意思是“对来说”,起限制
11、范围的作用;the first few+复数名词,意为“前几个 ”,要注意 few 前面不要加不定冠词;scenery 是不可数名词,意为“风景” 。4.Suddenly,it looked like a place from another time.突然间,看起来好像时空发生了改变。剖析：it 指笼统的环境;look like.看起来像例如:It looks like rain.天看起来像是要下雨。5.Ghan is short for Afghanistan.Ghan 是 Afghanistan (阿富汗)的简称。 剖析：be short for 是的缩写/简称。例如:Jim is sh
12、ort for James.吉姆是詹姆士的简称。 6.Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance.对于行走很长的路程,骆驼比马要好得多。剖析：much 作为程度副词修饰比较级,常修饰比较级的程度副词有 much,many,a bit,a little,even,yet,still,no,not,far,by far 等。a long distance 是一个名词短语,用作状语。7.The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.直到 20 世纪 2
13、0 年代,阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。 剖析：until 意为“直到”可作连词,亦可作介词。主句中要用延续性动词;如果是瞬间动词,要把它变成否定形式则可延续。常用结构: not.until.直到才 例如:They stayed in Beijing until the end of August.他们一直待在北京直到八月末。 He didnt understand what I was talking about until I told him again.直到我再次告诉他他才明白我说的是什么。8.I remember the day my father tried to tea
14、ch me how to ride a bicycle.我还记得那一天,我父亲尽力教我骑自行车。剖析：my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle 是定语从句,引导词 when 在口语中可省略;how to ride 属“疑问词+to do”句式,在句中可作主语,宾语和表语,相当于一个名词性从句。例如:When to hold the meeting is unknown.=When we shall hold the meeting is unknown。什么时候开会还不知道。9.Traveling at a speed of over
15、400 kilometres per hour,the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes.以 400 千米的时速,火车在 8 分钟内就完成了 30 千米的路程。 剖析：Traveling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour 是现在分词短语,作原因状语,与主语 train 是主动关系。at a speed of “以速度” 。再如:The car ran at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour.那辆车以每小时 50 千米的速度行
16、驶。per hour 意为“ 每小时” 。30-kilometer 是合成形容词,作定语修饰 journey。要注意这样的合成形容词多作前置定语。例如:a three-day trip 一个三天的旅途,相当于 a trip of three days。要点解读一、词汇详解1.refer to 指的是 ;谈到; 提到; 参考;呈交【典型例句】This is not the dictionary which I referred to.这不是我所指的那本词典。 Dont refer to that problem again,please.请不要再提那个问题了。 You cant refer to
17、 your book when you are in the exam.考试时不能查阅书。 You may refer the matter to him if necessary.必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。 注意:refer 的过去式、过去分词:referred 现在分词:referring【相关链接】refer oneself to 依赖,求助于refer to sb.（sth.）as 称某人（物）为单项填空The novel only _the causes of the war,but doesnt do justice to the influence of the terri
18、ble killings.A.refers toB.makes upC.leaves outD.takes on提示:句意:这本书只是提到了战争的起因,并没有对战争中骇人听闻的杀戮所带来的影响说句公道话。refers to 在 此题中意为“提到;谈到; 涉及到” ;makes up 构成; 编造;leaves out 省略;takes on 呈现;雇用。答案:A2.more than 【典型例句】Kate was more than a teacher.She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.凯特不仅是位教师,她还尽其所能照
19、顾她的学生。More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.十多位警察出现在出事地点。I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边,我非常惊讶。The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。He is more a butcher than a doctor.他与其说是位医生倒不如
20、说是个屠夫。【知识小结】(1)more than后面跟名词,意为“不只是,不仅仅是” 。(2)more than与数词连用,意思为“多于,大于,超过” 。(3)more than与形容词和分词连用,表示“非常、十分” 。(4)more than和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,表示“ 是 难以”或“超过了所能”。(5)more A than B与其说是 B 倒不如说是 A【相关链接】（1)rather t han 而不是I think Ill have a cold drink r ather than coffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮,而不要咖啡。I decided to write r
21、ather than telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。（2)other than 除非;除外；不同于 You cant reach the village other than by boat.除了坐船外,你到不了这个村庄。单项填空(1)Consumers should do _than simply complain about the poor quality of goods.A.much lessB.some moreC.far moreD.far less提示:句意:消费者不仅仅只是抱怨产品的质量不好。more than.不仅仅是,far 修饰比较级 more。答案:C(
22、2)More than one _the people heart and soul.A.official has servedB.officials have servedC.official has served for D.officials have served for提示:“more than one+单数名词”后接单数动词。答案:A(3)I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us.She is _than unfriendly,Im afraid.A.shyerB.much shyer C.shy moreD.more shy提示:more
23、shy than unfriendly 与其说是不友好,倒不如说是害羞。 答案:D(4)In no country _Britain,as has been said,can one experience four seasons in a single day.A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.better than提示:句意:正如所说,除英国外,没有一个国家能一天经历四个季节。答案:B3.distance n.距离【典型例句】It is a long distance from New York to Hong Kong.纽约离香港很远。They
24、saw a few houses in the distance.他们看到远处有几所房子。The picture looks better at a distance.这幅图远看更佳。I would keep my distance from that dog,if I were you!我要是你,就离那条狗远一点!【知识小结】at (from) a distance 在远处in the distance 在远处keep ones distance 保持一定距离单项填空(1)Her father advised her to keep _from that fellow.A.awayB.dis
25、tanceC./D.out提示:keep away from 远离;用 distance 前要有“her”;用 out 后接介词 of。句意:她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。答案:A单句改错(2)Mount Everest could be seen in a distance.答案:把 in 改为 at;或把 a 改为 the4.abandon vt. 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃;放弃; 中止【典型例句】The crew abandoned the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.人们发
26、现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。He finally abandoned his ideas.他终于放弃了自己的想法。【相关链接】abandoned adj.被遗弃的They set up an organization to adopt abandoned children.他们建立了一个机构收养被遗弃的孩子。单项填空(1)He _his wife and went away with all their money.A.abandonedB.threwC.separatedD.turned提示:句意:他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。答案:A单句改错(2)They put themselve
27、s up for the night in the abandoning temple.答案:abandoning 改为 abandoned5.product n.产品 ;成果【典型例句】They came here in search of new markets for their products.他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。Coffee is Brazils main product.咖啡是巴西的主要产品。 This is the product of his labour.这是他劳动的成果。【相关链接】product,produce,production 的区别（1)produc
28、t 是可数名词。指工业产品、农业加工品、任何 的脑力劳动所创造的产品。（2)produce 除了作动词用表示“生产”之外,也可作不可数名词,指一切农产品、天然产品。其前不加冠词,也不用复数。（3)production 为抽象不可数名词,指生产的行为、产量。指文学艺术作品时可数。Production has increased in the last ten years.最近十年产量得到了提高。选词填空product/produce/production(1)His novel is the _of ten years of labour.(2)The field _is shipped by
29、train to other parts of the country.(3)Some people dont believe that advertising can increase _.(4)Farm _are the chief exports of the country.(5)This book is one of the writers latest _.答案:(1)product (2)produce (3)production(4)products(5)productions6.scenery n.风景;景色【典型例句】The scenery in the mountain
30、is very beautiful.山中的风景很美。【相关辨析】scenery 和 scenescenery 不可数名词 ,“景色,风景”,是自然景色的全称。scene 可数名词,“景色,景致”,是某一特定环境所呈现出来的景色。也有“情景,实况”的意思。完成句子(1)The boats in the harbor make a beautiful _.(2)He stopped to appreciate the beautiful _.答案：(1)scene (2)scenery7.not.any more=no more 不再【典型例句】I cant drink the beer any
31、more.我不能再喝啤酒了。He promised to drink no more.他答应不再饮酒了。=He promised not to drink any more.I have no more money to give you.我没有更多的钱给你。【知识小结】no more 要放在一起使用 ,可用在句中也可在句末。not.any more 中的 any more 要放在句末。【相关链接】no longer，no more，not any longer，not any more 的区别（1)no more 一般位于句末或句首,而 no longer 则可用于实义动词之前,助动词或连系
32、动词之后,或者位于句尾。He still smoked,but he drank no more.他还在吸烟,但不再喝酒了。They are no longer staying with us.他们不再跟我们住在一起。（2)no morenot.any more,no longer = not.any longer。no more/longer 是正式用法,not.any more/longer 比较自然。I do not see him any more/any longer.我不能再看到他了。I did not feel sick any more. 我不再感到恶心了。(3)no more
33、 (not.any more) 强调数量和程度,表示动作不再重复,一般指把现在的情况与将来对比,即“现在如何如何,将来不再这样(now,but not in the future)”;no longer(not.any longer) 强调时间,表示动作不再延缓,一般是现在的情况同过去对比,即“过去如何如何,现在不再这样(once,but not now)”。She is not a child any longer.= She is no longer a child.她再也不是个孩子了。I wont do such stupid things any more.= Ill do such
34、stupid things no more.我(今后) 再也不干这种蠢事了。单项填空(1)We have grown up.We are not children _.A.no longerB.more longer C.any longerD.even longer提示:句意:我们已长大了,不再是孩子了。用 no longer 强调与过去对比。答案:C(2)Excuse me,is this Mr Browns office?Im sorry,but Mr Brown _worked here.He left about three weeks ago.A.not nowB.no more
35、C.not stillD.no longer 提示:no longer 修饰延续性动词,如 teach,live,work 等,表示动作不再延续;no more 修饰非延续性动词,如 come,go,make (the same mistake)等,表示动作不再次发生。答案:D(3)As the saying goes,lost time will return _.A.no longerB.no moreC.not any longerD.not any more提示:return 为终止性动词，用 no more 修饰。C 和 D 项中的 not 要与 will 构成 wont。句意:正如
36、俗话所说,失去的时光不再回来。答案:B(4)If you delay paying us again,youll have _supplies of vegetables and meat.A.no moreB.no longerC.not any moreD.not any longer提示:句意:如果你再拖延付款,你就不会再得到蔬菜和肉类的供应了。no more 可作定语修饰名词,而 no longer 则不能。答案:A8.journey n.旅程 【典型例句】Its a three days journey on horseback from here to there.从这儿到那儿骑马
37、得走三天。【知识小结】journey,trip,travel,voyage 的辨析： journey 常指远距离的陆地旅行trip 常指短距离的旅行,远足travel 常指长距离的旅行或国外旅行 voyage 常指海上或空中的旅行单项填空(1)He came home after years of _.A.tripB.travelC.journeyD.voyage答案:B(2)He loves sea and he dreams of going on a _ around the world.A.tripB.travelC.journeyD.voyage答案:D9.shoot vt.(sho
38、t,shot)射杀【典型例句】The policeman shot the robber in the leg.警察开枪打中了强盗的腿。 His dog was shot dead by the man.他的狗被那个人打死了。 【相关链接】shoot 和 shoot at 的区别shoot 指打死某人某物;shoot at 指向某人某物瞄准射击,但不一定射中 Tom shot at the strange dog but shot his own.汤姆向那只陌生的狗射击,但却把自己的(狗) 打死了。 单项填空(1)The eagle is dead.Who _it?We all _it jus
39、t now.So its hard to tell who did it.A.shot at;shot_B.shot;shot C.shot;shot at D.shot at;shot at 提示:句意:“那只鹰死了。是谁打死的？” “我们刚才都向它射击了,所以很难辨清是谁打死的。 ”答案:C单句改错(2)He shot the bi rd,but missed.答案:在 shoot 后面加 at10.out of date 过时【典型例句】Your idea has gone out of date.你的观念已经过时了。Will deni m jeans ever go out of da
40、te?粗布牛仔裤会过时吗?【相关链接】up to date 时兴的,新式的All the data are up to date.所有的数据都是最新的。单项填空This site is _and has been taken down.A.out of fashionB.out of timeC.out of dateD.up to date提示:句意:这个网站已过时,被取消了。out of fashion 指时尚;而此处是指网站已过时。答案:C11.frighten vt.使吃惊;惊吓【典型例句】The ghost story frightened the child.这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分
41、惊恐。He was frightened out of his wits.他吓呆了。【知识小结】frighten 其现在分词和过去分词都可作形容词用。用作表语、定语和补语等,注意它和逻辑主语的关系。frightening adj.令人恐惧的frightened adj.感到惊恐的单项填空Look at his _look.It seems_ as if he had met a tiger.A.frightened;frighteningB.frightening;frightened C.frightened;frightenedD.frightening;frightening提示:句意:
42、从他恐惧的神情看,情况似乎令人惊吓,好像是他遇到了老虎。答案:A12.event n.事件;运动项目【典型例句】Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boys life.赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。The first day at school is a big event in a childs life.第一天上学在孩子的一生中是件大事。 He entered for field and track events.他参加了田径赛。 【相关链接】event,incident,accident 和 affair 的区别e
43、vent 特别指事件,大事;比赛项目The new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。incident 事情,小事件;事变,突发事件 Were there any exciting incidents during your journey?你们在旅行中有没有什么令人激动的事情？accident 意外之事(尤指灾难)His leg was broken in a bad accident last year.他的腿在去年一次恶性事故中断了。affair 事务,事件,私事The new minister is in
44、charge of foreign affairs.新任部长暂时负责外国事务。单项填空(1)Mr.Smith came to China not to go sightseeing but to see some personal_.A.events B.affairs C.incidents D.accidents提示:event 指大事或比赛项目;incident 小事件或突发事件;accident 指恶性事件。personal affairs 指私人事件。答案:B(2)Recently CCTV station has taken great _to make a program tha
45、t reviews the important_ of the past 20 years.A.steps;affairs B.efforts;mattersC.pains;eventsD.efforts;incidents提示:句意:最近中央电视台不辞辛苦地做了一个节目对近 20 年的重大事件进行回顾。take pains to do 不辞辛苦做某事。steps 构成 take steps 采取措施;efforts 构成 make efforts to do 努力做某事。答案:C13.exhaust vt.使得筋疲力尽;用完 ;耗尽【典型例句】My father is completely
46、exhausted .我父亲精疲力竭。The marathon talks exhausted him completely.马拉松式的谈判使他精疲力竭。He has exhausted his supply of water.他已耗尽了全部供水。【相关链接】exhausted adj.疲惫不堪的We were exhausted by the climb up the hill.我们因爬上那座小山而精疲力竭。 exhausting adj.令人疲惫的This is really a exhausting journey.这真是一个累人的旅途。单项填空After his journey fro
47、m abroad,Richard Jones returned home,_.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.being exhaustedD.having exhausted提示:exhaust 是一个使（人和动物）感到疲倦的动词,意为 “使筋疲力尽” 。exhausted 表示“感到疲惫的”;exhausting“令人疲惫的” 。答案:B二、句型剖析1.疑问词+do you think+ 主语+谓语【典型例句】When do you think the meeting will be held?你认为会议什么时候举行？How far do you imagine it is from here?你认为那儿离这儿有多远？Where do you suggest we go for our holiday?你建议我们去哪里度假？【知识小结】上面的句式叫做双重疑问句,在这个句式中,由于插入的一般疑问句部分已经采用了疑问语序,故它后面的部分须用正常语序。【相关链接】双重疑问句中的疑问词如果是主语,则要构成:疑问词+do you think/beli eve/suppose/suggest.+谓语.句式。例如:Who do you think will get the prize?你认为谁将得到这个奖励？What do yo
