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1、1专题十七 主谓一致考点知识清单“一致”是指句子之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间数的一致。谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 “语法一致” 也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。 “意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时,主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。 “就近一致” 是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保

2、持一致。知识梳理考点一 单数名词作主语时的主谓一致单数名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式,但是有些单数名词形式却含有复数意义,这时谓语动词要用复数形式。1集合名词与谓语动词的一致(1)集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有:army, audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family ,group ,government,organization,party,personnel,public ,staff,team,union,crew 等。如:Our fotbal emis playng

3、 wel.rhvbtsad rthen comig bakher fosuper我 们 的 足 球 队 踢 得 很 好 。 我 们 的 足 球 队 员 们 正 在 洗 澡 , 然 后 将 回 到 这 吃 晚 饭 。My fail sery lagHitnfor hi 我 的 家 庭 很 大 。 他 的 家 人 在 等 他 。The personnel are unhappy about these changes所有职员都对这些变革不满意。注意 若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时,与其对应的人称代词也应该使用 they,them 或 their。如:My family did all

4、they could for me我的家人为我做了他们所能做的一切。The audi ence were waving their hands观众都挥舞着他们的手。(2)但是有些集合名词如:cattle,folk,people,police ,poultry(家禽)等作主语,总是跟复数动词形式。如:The people hope to live a happy life人民希望过上好日子。The police have caught the criminal警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。Cattle feed on grass牛以草为食。(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(

5、机械),clothing(衣服) ,luggage(行李) , furniture(家具) ,equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:My luggage was sent by air我的行李是航空邮寄的。The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain我们工厂的设备都是从英国进2口的。The furniture in my room is old now现在我屋里的家具旧了。2单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形

6、式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft,crossroads ,deer,fish,headquarters 。means,series,sheep,species,works 等。如:The crossroads isare dangerous这个(些) 十字路口很危险。Every means has been tried各种方法都试过了。All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都试过了。A steel works has just been built there那儿刚建了一座钢厂。Lots of aircraft were sent there很

7、多飞机被派往那儿。注意 fishes 表示“各种各样的鱼”。3表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes ,glasses,compasses 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:His black trousers are too long他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。若这类名词与 pair 连用时,谓语动词往往与 pair 一致。如:This pair of compasses is made in Beijing这副圆规是北京制造的。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now现在一副

8、眼镜值很多钱。There are two pairs of gloves on the desk桌上有两副手套。考点二 复数名词作主语时的主谓一致1以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名作主语时的主谓一致以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名(如 billiards 台球)作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Roots was a novel about a slave family 根是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories 一千零一夜充满了有趣的故事。2表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s” 结尾的专有名词

9、作主语时的主谓一致表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s” 结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。3以-ics 结尾的名词的主谓一致以-ics 结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。但是,当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。如:economics 经济学 electronics 电子学physics 物理学 politics 政治学mathemat

10、ics 数学 statistics 统计学His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend他的政治观点是他的朋友关心的问题。Politics is his favorite subject政治学是他最喜欢的学科。Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end indivorce统计数字表明,大约百分之四十的美国人的婚姻以离婚而告终。3Statistics is a subject that is dif

11、ficult to learn统计学是一门很难学的课程。注意 plastics(塑料)作主语时,其谓语动词大都采用复数形式。如:Plastics have taken the place of many materials now如今塑料已取代了许多材料。plastics 表示 “塑料学”时,其谓语动词只能使用单数形式。如:Plastics is an important branch of chemistry塑料学是化学的一个重要分支。名词 clothes,works(作“著作”讲),goods,contents,the Olympic Games 的谓语动词律律用复数。如:Clothes

12、keep people warm衣服使人保暖。His works have been translated into several foreign languages他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。若表示“一套衣服” ,可用 a suit of clothes。clothes 不可与不定冠词 a 或数词连用。若表示“一部作品” 用 a work, “两部作品”用 two works。考点三 “名词( 或代词)+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致1有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。如:Several theories on this subject have be

13、en proposed关于这个学科的几种理论已经有人提出。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly对森林大火的危险不可掉以轻心。2当主语后面跟有 with,together with,along with, accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except ,but,besides , including 等连接的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如:The rock s

14、inger,along with his bodyguard,was rushed away from the theater 这位摇滚歌星被他的保镖保护着迅速地跑出了剧院。MrRobbins,accompanied by his wife and children,is arriving tonight罗伯逊先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到达。My license,rather than my credit cards,was lost是我的驾驶执照而不是我的信用卡丢了。No one but your parents was there then除了你的父母,当时那里没人。Mr Green b

15、esides his daughters likes sports格林先生和他的女儿都喜欢体育。Tom,together with Mary and Alice,is going to swim this afternoon汤姆,玛丽和艾丽丝今天下午将一起去游泳。考点四 “名词( 或代词)+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致1由“some of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most of,the rest of,all of,half of,part of,the remainder of 或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与 of 后的名词保持数的一

16、致。一般来说,如果 of 后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词为复数;如果 of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词,谓语就用单数形式。如:Most of the teachers are against the proposal大部分教师反对这个提议。Some of the students are for the plan有些学生赞同这个计划。The rest of the lecture is dull讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today剩余的自行车今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten这个苹果的

17、一半腐烂变质了。Half of the apples are rotten这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。4A mass Masses of information has been revealed大量的情报已被泄露出去了。A mass Masses of books are kept in the library图书馆里存放有很多的书。About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。Over 30 of the students were absent from the meeting超过百分之三十的学生没有参加这个会。Th

18、ree fourths of the surface of the earth is sea地球表面的四分之三是海。Only 40 of thework was done yesterday昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。注意 当上面有些词单独作主语时,其主谓语一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如:All was silent万籁俱寂。All were silent大家都静默着。Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians5我们班有 30 个学生是阿拉伯人,剩下的是加拿大人。All has been tri

19、ed一切都试过了。All are here now大家都到齐了。注意 population 表示“ 人口” ,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population 是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式,但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时,谓语动词最好用复数形式。如:The population of Canada is about 29 million加拿大的人口约为 2 900 万。Just under a third of the population now smokessmoke in this co

20、untry在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。2由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等,以及由与 kind 意义相似的 type,sort,form ,part ,piece ,section 等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。如:A kind of birds has been discovered by th

21、em他们发现了一种鸟。A part of the book is not interesting这本书里有一部分内容没趣。Parts of the book are very instructive这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。These are two different forms of the same thing这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。This kndof aples ihgly priced.Aletir种 苹 果 定 价 很 高 。3当 none of 后面接的是可数名词时,谓语动词用单复数都可以;如接的是不可数名词,就只能用单数形式。但是当 eitherneither o

22、f.构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数 )。如:None of them isare aware of the danger他们中没有人意识到那个危险。None of the money was paid to me连一分钱也没有付给我。Either of the girls is Anns sister那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。Neither of them is going to give up the chance他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。4当“a number ofa variety ofvarieties of+可数名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词

23、用复数形式。但“the number of(表数目 )和 the variety of(表种类 )等+可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:A number of new houses have been built there在那儿已建起许多新房子。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop那个商店出售各种各样的商品。The number of the people who know the secret is very limited知道这个秘密的人数很有限。The variety of goods on sale in the sh

24、op is surprising那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。5 “a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。6“large amounts of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用复数。“a large quantity of+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。“a large quantity of+复数名词”作主语,谓语常用复数。“large quantities of+不可数名词复数名词” 作主语,谓语用复数。“a goodgreat deal of+不可数名词” 作主语,谓语用单数。A large amount of clean water is wasted ever

25、y day每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market大量的资金投在当地的市场上。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge很多钱花在建这座桥上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。

26、A good deal of work has to be done today今天有大量的工作要做。考点五 由并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致1由 and 或 both.and.连接两个单数名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如:Mrand MrsSmith are engineers史密斯夫妇是工程师。Fire and water do not agree水火不相容。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop,店里出售咖啡和啤酒。注意 如果 and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词共用

27、一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数。如:The teacher and writer is her friend这位教师兼作家是她的朋友。比较My frienda lwyer hascugt verybad col i ml ht l 我 的 律 师 , 同 样 也 是 我 的 朋 友 , 得 了 重 感 冒 。 我 的 朋 友 和 我 的 律 师 两 人 都 得 了 重 感 冒 。两个名词前都加冠词或其他限定词,则谓语动词要用复数形式。常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些,谓语用单数。bread and butter 黄油面包bread and cheese 涂奶酪的面包a knife and

28、 fork 一副刀叉a watch and chain 一只系有表带的手表a cart and horse 一辆马车needle and thread 针线law and order 法律和秩序Bread and butter is her favourite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。Trial and error is the source of our knowledge反复实验(不断摸索)是我们知识的来源。7Time and tide waits for no man岁月不待人。The stars and stripes is the national flag of US

29、A星条旗是美国国旗。2由 and 连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有 every,each ,no,many a 修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。Each teacher and(each)student was given a book每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。Every hour and(every)minute is important每一小时或每一分钟都很重要。No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。Many a teacher and many a student enjoys

30、the book very much许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书。3or,either.or. ,neither.nor.,not only.but(also).等连接的并列成分作主语时,根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数,就用单数;离谓语动词近的主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数。如:Either the teacher or the students are to blame或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it不仅学生们不知道这件事,他们的老师也不知道。He

31、 or I am to do it这事或者他去做或者我去做。Neither you nor Inor anybody else knows how to do it无论是你,我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。4主语由肯定否定两部分构成时,谓语与肯定的一致。如:Not you but I am to answer for itI,not you,am to answer for it对此负责的是我而不是你。考点六 名词性从旬作主语时的主谓一致1 what 从句作主语时的主谓一致what 引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构,表语为复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:What

32、she said is correct她说的是正确的。What he gave me are five English books他给我的是 5 本英语书。What he needs is money他需要的是钱。2that 等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致由 that 等其他词引导的名词性从句作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。如:That he is a spy is true千真万确,他是一个间谍。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。Who is responsible fo

33、r the accident is not clear还不太清楚谁对这场事故负责。考点七 动名词或不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致单个动名词短语或不定式作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。如:Playing with fire is dangerous玩火危险。Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us你放弃这个机会使我们大家都非常吃惊。若用 and 连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。如:8Early to rise and early to bed is a

34、 good habit早起早睡是个好习惯。When and where the building will be built hasnt been decided何时何地建大楼还未定下来。Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。考点八 某些表示数量的名词词组

35、作主语时的主谓一致1当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,往往可根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt25 美元买那件衬衣太贵了。Fifty minutes isnt enough to finish this test50 分钟完成这个测试是不够的。Ten miles seems like a long walk to me对我来说,10 英里步行似乎很远。2在四则运算中,谓语动词多用单数,也有用复数的。减法和除法常用单数。T

36、wo and ten isare twelve2 加 10 等于 12。Two times eight isare sixteen2 乘以 8 等于 16。18 minus 12 is 618 减 12 等于 6。Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine261 除以 9 等于 29。考点九 名词化的形容词作主语时的主谓一致1当某些形容词和过去分词同定冠词 the 连用表示某类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:The poor l

37、ive a hard life穷人的日子不好过。The sick and wounded were sent home病人和伤员被送回家。the poor 穷人 the living 活着的人the rich 富人 the dead 死人the wounded 伤员 the young 年轻人The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。The old gives place to the new新陈代谢。但是,也有例外的情况。有些形容词加上定冠词也可指一个人。如在句中指一个人时,谓语动词用单数。如:The accused asked the judge for mercy

38、被告请求法官宽恕。2以-sh,-ch 和-ese 等结尾的表示“国家的,民族的 ”这类形容词与定冠词 the 连用,表示整个民族,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类词有:the Chinese,the English,the British, the French,the Japanese,the Dutch,the Polish, the Swedish 等。如:The Chinese are hard-working中国人是勤劳的。The English are said to be conservative据说英国人是保守的。The Chinese are kind and friendly

39、中国人民友好善良。比较That Chinese is a singer那个中国人是个歌唱家。Chinese is a beautiful language汉语是一种优美的语言。考点十 there be 结构中的主谓一致there be 结构中的主谓一致关系,谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。如:There is a book,two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk9桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。There are four chairs and a table in the room房间里摆有 4 把椅子和一张桌子。考点十一

40、不定代词 each, one, no one, somebody 等词作主语时的主谓一致不定代词“each,one,no one,some(any,no,every)+body(one 或 thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。如:Each boy gets a prize每个孩子都得到了奖品。Every dog has his day人人都有得意的时候。Someone wants to buy the house有人要买这所房子。Everything is ready,isnt it?一切都准备好了,是吧?Each of the books costs five y

41、uan.每本书五块钱。Somebody is using the phone有人在用着电话。He has two sonsOne is a teacher;the other is an engineer他有两个儿子。一个是老师,另一个是工程师。注意 each,all ,both 用作同位语时,谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。如:We each have an English-Chinese dictionary我们每人有一本英汉词典。The students are all hardworking这些学生都很勤奋。They both like pop music他们俩都喜欢流行音乐。考点十二 其

42、他主谓一致情况1倒装句中的主谓一致在主语和谓语倒装的句子中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如:On the wall are some famous paintings墙上有一些著名的画。Between the two windows hangs a picture两扇窗户间有一幅画。2表示数量的“one and a half+ 复数名词”作主语时,其谓语要用单数形式。如:One and a half bananas is left on the table桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。3 “aan+单数名词+or t

43、wo”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:A student or two has failed the exam一两个学生考试不及格。“one or two+复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。4在“It+be+被强调部分+thatwho.” 结构中,be 用单数形式 is 或 was,如被强调部分是主语,thatwho 后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如:It is I who am a student我是学生。It is they wh

44、o have worked there for five years是他们在那儿工作了 5 年。5定语从句中,关系代词 who,which,that 等作主语时,其人称和数的变化随先行词而定。如:Those who have seen the film please put up your hands看过这部电影的人请举手。The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman在会上讲话的人是我们的主席。6who,which,what 等疑问代词及 sueh 作主语时,谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式。如:Who is the

45、 girl over there?那边的那个女孩是谁?Who are the girls over there?那边那些女孩子是谁?10Which is your book,this one or that one?哪本是你的书,这本还是那本 ?Such is my plan这就是我的计划。Such are his words这就是他的话。7 “the majority of+复数名词”作主语时,用复数谓语。the majority 单独作主语时,谓语既可用单数,也可用复数形式。如:The majority of boys like football大多数男孩喜爱足球。The majority

46、 waswere in favour of banning smoking大多数人支持禁烟。The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。8 “an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用,意思是“平均有”;“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用,意思是“的平均数”。如:An average of 3,000 people come to visit this famous school every year每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。The average of 14,3 a

47、nd 1 is 614,3 和 1 的平均数是 6。9 “a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用,意思是“总共有”;“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用,意思是“的总数” 。如:A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。The total of letters received last month was 300上个月收到的信总数是三百封。10当 man(人类),the world(世界上的人,人类) 作主语时,谓语用单数。如:Only man knows how to coo

48、k只有人类懂得烹饪。Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。All the world knows that the earth is round世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。11 “more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。如:More members than one have protested against the plan反对这项提议的会员不止一个。12当 many a.或 more than one+名词作主语时,尽管其意义是复数概念,但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。如:Many a man thinks life is m

49、eaningless without purpose许多人认为没有目的的生活是毫无意义的。More than one person is involved in the matter不止一人卷入到这件事中。13在“one+ofinout of+复数名词”结构中,一般采用语法一致的原则,即用单数动词。如果 one 改成 two,three 等数词,谓语用复数。One of the students in our class is from Tibet我们班有一位学生来自西藏。One inout of twenty was badly damaged每二十个中有一个严重受损。Three in out of ten st

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