1、主 谓 一 致,主谓一致考点,定义:“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。,原 则,1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则 3. 就近一致原则,语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,一. 语法 定义:主语是单数,谓语也是单数, 主语是复数谓语也是复数. 1. 非谓语动词做主语 To see is to bel
2、ieve. Asking costs nothing. Lying and stealing are immoral.,（2)用and 连接的并列主语，如果主语是一个人，同一事，同一抽象概念，且and后名词无冠词,谓语动词用_，如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否则用复数。,(1)以“and ”或“both and”连接的并列主语, 通常作_用 。,有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个 整体,如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加苏打水), steel and
3、iron,is,单数,复数,(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语以及more than one.和many a.作主语时,谓语动词都用_.,语法一致,Eg: Every desk and every chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake,单数,is,has,语法一致,(4) “a / an + 单名+ and a half”, “one and a half
4、 +复名” 常接_谓语；,A year and a half _passed . One and a half bananas_left on the desk.,has,is,单数,(5) 不定代词each, either, neither, another, the other 等作主语通常用_谓语动词;,其中, each of + 复数代词，谓语动用_。复数代词+each，谓语动词用_。如,语法一致,Each of us _a dictionary. We each _a dictionary.,has,have,单数,单数,复数,1.Serving the people _ my gr
5、eat happiness. 2. When well go out for an outing _ decided. 3. To get the most profits _ the common aim of businessmen.,（6）不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_，如：,is,has been,is,单数,语法一致,(7)当主语与谓语之间插有 with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including
6、 等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响，依然与_保持一致,主语,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mi
7、ke nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： (1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。 如果指两个或两个以上不
8、同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致原则,are,(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致
9、。,二、就近原则,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,2. 1) Every and (every) 2) each and (each) 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.,3. one/every one /eac
10、h/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语， Each of the students has a book. 谓语用单数。,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the a
11、pples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。,is,is,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一
12、半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。,His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。 H
13、is family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,(一).就前一致: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致) 名词 A + +
14、名词 B 这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去过) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(know) the truth so far.,with; together with; along with but; except; besides including; as well as; in addition to n
15、ot; rather than; like.,has been to,-,is,-,have known,-,4.He, rather than you, _ (应受责备) (二).就后一致: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致) + 名词 作主语时， 谓语动词取决于后面名词的数 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ covered with / by water.,分数 + of ; 百分数 + of some of ; part of ;
16、 half of ; most of ; the rest of ; .,is to blame,-,are,-,is,-,-,3.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two months. 4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三) 就近一致： 连接的词作 主语，谓语 动词与最邻 近的主语一 致,or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but T
17、here be,has been completed,-,are,1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table.,Are,is,go,is,(六) 分两种情况对比掌握: 1.集合名词如 family, team, class, group, population 作主语, 如果作为一个整体看待, 谓语用单
18、数. 如果指集体里每一个成员,谓语用复数. 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music.,is,are,2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers. 2. 单复数同形的词如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工厂) 作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数. 1.Every mean
19、s _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem.,is,are,has,have,2.There _ a newly- built chemical works. 3.一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果单独出现, 谓语用复数, 如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修饰, 谓语用单数. 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _
20、 mine.,is/ stands,are,is,类似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.,sell,sells,-,-,4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every year. 5. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good
21、. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party.,own,is increasing,are,is,has,have,7. Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. Tom is the only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. 8. A large quan
22、tity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year.,were,was,is,are,9. 下列句子有什么特点? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words. 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to
23、 learn English.,is,are,was,were,is,are,1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build
24、 the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 5. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part i
25、n daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 6. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are,1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been 2
26、A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come 3No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known 4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading 5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed,Good-bye!,Wish you a pleasant holiday!,
