1、新概念英语4第十课讲解Lesson 10 Silicon valley第十课硅谷from US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2,198910-1. Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.【译文】技术的发展趋势有可能把硅谷重新推向未来。10-2. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Techn
2、ology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. 【译文】集成电路先驱、加州理工学院计算机教授卡弗米德注意到，现在有些计算机工作站使工程技术人员可以在他们的办公桌上设计、试验和生产芯片，如某编辑在苹果机上编出时事通讯一样。【讲解】a pioneer in integrated circuit
3、s和a professor ofTechnology并列作Carver Mead的同位语。enable engineers to desks为定语从句，修饰work-stations。much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh中the way前省略了介词in，整个短语在句中作方式状语。在非正式文体中，in the way中的介词in 通常被省略，例如：Youre doing it （in）the wrong way.你做这件事的方法不对。Do it（in）any way you like.你想怎么做就怎样做。an edi
4、tor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh为定语从句，修饰the way，其前省略了that。在非正式文体中，that通常被用来代替the way后的in which或by which，但that也常常省略，例如：I dont like the way （that）you talk to me.我可不喜欢你同我谈话的方式。Lets go the way（that）we went yesterday.让我们走我们昨天走的那条路吧。10-3. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and
5、 a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. 【译文】由于制造一块芯片的时间已缩短至几天，费用也仅有数百美元，因此工程技术人员可能很快就可充分发挥他们的想象力，而不会因失败而造成经济上的重大损失。【讲解】as为从属连词，引导原因状语从句，但意为“因为、由于”。【单词和短语】penalize：使处于不利地位（subject to a penalty; subject to some co
6、mparative disadvantage），妨碍，例如：Such a systempenalized the poor. 这种制度妨碍了穷人的利益。It would be unfair to penalize those without a job.失业人员待遇低下是不公平的。10-4. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the officespawning a new generation of garage start-ups
7、and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.【译文】米德预言发明者可以在办公室用一个周末的时间生产完美的、功能强大的、按客户需求设计的芯片造就新一代从汽车间起家的技术人员，在把产品推向市场方面使美国把它的外国对手打个措手不及。【讲解】破折号后并列的两个现在分词短语spawninggarage start-ups和 giving the U.S.market fast为结果状语，作为引导的宾语从句中inventors will beat the office所产生的
8、结果。【单词和短语】spawn：大量产生（to make a series of things happen or start to exist），例如：Bureaucracy spawns many rules that complicate our life.官僚主义产生了许多使我们生活复杂化的条条框框。10-5. Were got more garages with smart people, Mead observes. We really thrive on anarchy.【译文】“我们有更多的汽车间，那里有许多聪明人，”米德说。“我们确实是靠这种无政府状态发展起来的。”【单词和短
9、语】thrive on：兴旺发达，繁荣；旺盛（to enjoy or be successful in a particular situation, especially one that other people find difficult or unpleasant），例如：Challenge is something we Americans thrive on.挑战是我们美国人赖以兴盛的奥秘。Hes the sort of person who thrives on hard work.他是苦干有成的那种人。10-6. And on Asians.【译文】靠的是亚洲人。【讲解】本句
10、是省略句，也可将该句视为上一句的继续。We really thrive on anarchy.是Mead的观点，本句表达出本文作者不但赞成Mead的观点，还补充了自己的观点。作者另起一段以示对自己观点的强调。10-7. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. 【译文】硅谷许多公司的工程技术人员大多是东方人和亚裔美国人。【单词和短语】constitute：组成，构成，形成（if several people or t
11、hings constitute something, they are parts that from it），例如：Twelve months constitute a year. 12个月为1年。10-8. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from Californias colleges. 【译文】中国、韩国、菲律宾和印度的工程师一批批地从加州的各所大学毕业。【单词和短语】droves：（走在一起的）人群，（crowds of people），例如：On a hot,
12、 muggy day people head for the beaches in droves.在闷热天人们成群地去海滩。droves of visitors/voters 一群群参观者/选民10-9. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. 【译文】作为新崛起一代的带头人，亚裔发明家可以凭借他们在习惯和语言上的优势，与关
13、键的太平洋沿岸市场建立起更加牢固的联系。【单词和短语】draw on：（to use information, experience, knowledge etc for a particular purpose），例如：The government had to draw on reserves and borrow abroad.政府不得不动用储备并向国外借款。His remarks drew heavily on his experiences in that country.他在谈论时大量利用了他在那个国家的经历。? 10-10. For instance, Alex Au, a St
14、anford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japans near lock on the memory-chip market. 【译文】例如，来自香港的斯坦福大学哲学博士Alex Au已在台湾建厂，对日本在内存条市场上近似垄断的局面构成挑战。【讲解】a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong作Alex Au的同位语。Ph. D.乃美式拼法，PhD乃英式拼法，二者均为Philosophiae Doctor（Philosopher of Doctor）的缩写形式。有人将Ale
15、x Au译为“亚历克斯奥”，不妥。香港人的英文名字多为英文名中文姓氏的粤语音译构成，如刘德华的英文名字是Andy Lau，陈慧琳的英文名字是Kelly Chen，容祖儿的英文名字是Joey Yung等等。因此不宜将Alex Au译为“亚历克斯奥”，在不知此人准确姓名的情况下，宜保持原文。【单词和短语】a lock on something:完全控制（complete control of something）。10-11. India-born N. Damodar Reddys tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Ka
16、nsas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. 【译文】今年春天，凭借密苏里州的财政支持，生于印度的N达莫达雷迪经营的规模不大的加州公司在堪萨斯城重新启用了美国电话电报公司的一家芯片工厂。【讲解】last spring不可译为“去年春天”。此处的last意为“最近过去的”，因此究竟该译为“去年”还是“今年”需参考文章写作时间，因本文选自1989年10月的US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT，因此应将last spring译为“今年春天”。【单词和短语】plant：工厂，车间（a factory or building where an industrial process happens），例如：a cement plant 水泥厂10-12. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.【译文】在硅谷变成退休村之前，它很可能成为建立全球商业的课堂。【单词和短语】retirement的动词形式为retire。
