1、Useful words and expressions Unit Seven1Unit One Living in HarmonyText A Ill Forgive YouWords and Expressions1. (L 1) forgiveness: n. U the act to forgive someoneHe never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness.(他从不承认自己的罪行，也不请求饶恕。)我必须请求你的宽恕。I have to ask for your forgiveness.Collocation:ask / be
2、g / pray, etc. for (sbs) forgiveness Derivation:forgive v. to decide not to blame someone or be angry with them although they have done something wrong 原谅；宽恕；饶恕CF: forgive busy oneself with 开始从事；忙于e.g. How are you going to go about arranging your vacation to Europe? 你的欧洲旅游安排得怎么样啦?As long as we go ab
3、out it in a reasonable way, I think it will be easy for us to settle our border question. 只要双方采取合情合理的方式，边界问题我看是不难解决的。Useful words and expressions Unit Seven38. roll off: (L.27) (of a product) issue from (an assembly line or machine) 产出，滚落e.g. The first copies of the newspaper rolled off the presses.
4、 第一批报纸下了印刷机。In every day life, try to laugh heartily; love deeply and let the rest roll off (your shoulder). 在每天的生活里，尽情的欢笑，深深的关爱，忘掉其他的琐事。9. count v. (L. 32)1) determine the total number of (a collection of items)数；计数 e.g. Hold position as you count to five. 数到 5 之前原地不动。2) take into account; include
5、考虑；包括e.g. The staff has shrunk to four, or five if you count the European director. 工作人员只剩四个了，或者五个，如果算上欧洲主管的话。3) be significant 有价值；有意义；有影响e.g. It did not matter what the audience thought-it was the critics that counted. 观众的想法不要紧-重要的是评论界的意见。Translation:我开始数我看见的星星。I started to count the stars I could
6、 see. 我觉得认识他很幸运。I count myself fortunate to have known him.他没有权利基础，所以他的观点无关紧要。He has no power base and his views count for little.10. resentment: n. (L. 41) a feeling of anger because sth. has happened that you think is unfair (因侮辱或虐待而) 愤恨，不满，怨恨e.g. Tom stared at the other boys with resentment.Collo
7、cation:feel / harbour / bear resentment .CF: resentment train 培育，教育；训练e.g. My father nurtured my love of art. 我父亲培养了我对艺术的热爱。3) to help grow or develop; cultivate 培养：促进成长或发育；培养：e.g.For a long time he had nurtured the dream of buying a shop. 长期以来他一直梦想着要买下一间店铺。Comparison:nurturing hopes 滋生希望；cultivatin
8、g : to develop a particular skill or quality in yourself. 培养；养成cultivating tolerance 培养耐性；foster：1） to take someone elses child into your family for a period of time but without becoming their legal parent (在一段时间内) 照管，抚育（别人的孩子） eg: They fostered a little Romanian boy for a few months. 他们照料了一个罗马尼亚小男孩
9、几个月。2） to help a skill ,feeling, idea etc. develop over a period of time. 培养，助长eg: These sessions are designed to foster better working relationships. 这些会议旨在培养更好的工作关系。foster friendly relations 促进友善的关系；nurse：1） to look after someone who is ill or injured 护理，照顾，照料2） feed a baby (if a woman nurses a ba
10、by, she feeds it with milk from her breasts) 哺乳，喂奶 nursing an old lady (a baby) 护理一位老人（给婴儿喂奶）Useful words and expressions Unit Seven621. alternative: (L. 83)n. one of the two or more available possibilities 可能性之一e.g. Audio cassettes are an interesting alternative to reading. 有声磁带是阅读的有趣的替代选择She had n
11、o alternative but to ask for a few days leave. 实在不得已, 她只好请几天假。adj. 1) (of one or more things) available as another possibility 可选择的e.g. The various alternative methods for resolving disputes 解决争端的多种选择The alternative definition of democracy as popular power 民主作为大众权利的另一种定义2) of or relating to behavior
12、 that is considered unconventional and is typically seen as a challenge to traditional norms 行为标新立异的，另类的e.g. An alternative newspaper 一份观点标新立异的报纸Alternative greeting cards 内容新颖的贺卡CF: choice, alternative say officially that sth. is faulty or sbs punishment is to be 谴 责 ；责 备 ； 官 方 宣 称 某 事 有 缺 陷 或 宣 告
13、某 人 要 受 的 惩 罚e.g. We all condemn various pollutions to the environment. 我 们 一 致 谴 责 各 种 形 式 的 环 境 污 染 。The elementary school has been condemned as unfit for teaching after the earthquake. 地 震 之 后 这 座 小 学 已 宣 布 不 适 宜 开 展 教 学 。sb. be condemned to sth./ to do sth. make sb. take or accept sth. unwelcome
14、 or unpleasant 使 某 人 接 收 不 好 的 事 物e.g. As the only child in the family, Tom is always condemned to play alone at home. 作为家里的独生子，Tom 常常不得不独自一人在家玩耍。Patterns: condemn sb. for doing sth. condemn sb. to sth.condemn sb. / sth. as sth.2. confine v. (L. 7) keep in a restricted space 将某人/ 事限制在一定空间以内e.g. Afte
15、r her operation, she was confined to bed for a week. 她手术以后已经卧床一个星期了。I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演讲者不要离题。He is confined to bed in the dormitory by a severe cold.他因重感冒而不得不在宿舍卧床休息。The final exam will be confined to the units that we have covered. 期末考试的内容只限于我们所学习过的单元。She
16、was confined to a wheelchair for the rest of her life after the accident.这次事故后她坐在轮椅上度过了后半生。CF: confine, imprison place emphasis on 强调；着重e.g. He emphasized the importance of childrens curiosity. 他强调孩子们好奇心的重要性。Which word should I emphasize? 我应该重读哪个单词？It is quite necessary to emphasize how important fo
17、r people to learn foreign languages. 强调学习外语的重要性是十分有必要的。5. appreciation n. (L.15) understanding and enjoyment; grateful recognition of an action; statement of the qualities of a work of art, persons life 欣 赏 ； 感 激 ， 感 谢 ； 鉴 定 ， 评 价e.g. As a pop singer, she shows great appreciation of rap. 作 为 一 个 流 行
18、 歌 手 ， 她 特 别 欣 赏 饶 舌 乐 。In appreciation of all youve done for us, we are willing to help others who are in need too. 为 了 感 谢 你 们 的 鼎 立 相 助 ，我 们 非 常 乐 意 去 帮 助 那 些 同 样 需 要 帮 助 的 人 们 。appreciate v. 欣 赏 ， 感 谢appreciative adj. 欣 赏 的 ， 感 谢 的6. stretch v. (L.16) make sth. longer, wider or tighter by pullin
19、g; extend or tighten the muscles for relaxation; spread out over an area or a period of time 拉长；延伸；伸展肢体；绵延，延续e.g. Stretch the gloves to fit his fingers. 把手套撑撑，以便戴得合手。While walking in the wild forest stretching for hundreds of miles, Mary often stretched her arms for relaxation. 玛丽一边走在绵延数百英里的森林中，一边时常
20、地伸开双臂放松身体。7. adopt v. (L.18)1. take sb. into ones family, esp. as ones child or heir 收养某人e.g. Angelina Jolie has adopted three kids respectively from Cambodia, Vietnam and Ethiopia. 安吉丽娜茱丽分别从柬埔寨、越南和埃塞俄比亚收养了一共三个孩子。2. take over and have or use sth. As ones own 采纳；采取；采用e.g. Thirty years have passed sin
21、ce China firstly adopted the reform and opening-up policy. 中国采取改革开放政策已经三十年了。 8. take for granted v. (L.20) be so familiar with sb./sth. that one no longer appreciates his/its full value; assume sth. to be true 因熟悉某人/事而觉察不出其真正价值；认为某事属实e.g. He never cherishes life: he just takes everything he has for
22、granted. 他从不珍惜生活，只是觉得他的一切所得都是理当如此。I take it for granted that you have been here before. 我认为你一定来过这里。Dont take it for granted that hard work is certainly followed with success. 不要想当然的认为努力一定会换来成功。Most of us, busy with work, take our family for granted. 我们大多数人整天都忙于工作，忽略了家人。9. picture sb./ sth. as (L.21)
23、 imagine sb. or sth. as 将想象成e.g. He used to picture his future as an engineer working for an overseas IT company. Useful words and expressions Unit Seven10他过去曾想象自己将来会成为一位海外 IT 公司的工程师。As for Larry, life in his thirties has already been pictured as a senior dentist by his mother even though he is now
24、an elementary school boy. Larry 才刚读小学，他妈妈就已经预计他在三十多岁的时候会成为一名资深牙医。10. take in: (L.32) understand and remember new facts and informatione.g. The smart boy can always take in what the teacher teaches in class quickly.我怀疑他是否真的听进了我说的话, 他看起来心不在焉的。I doubt whether he really takes in what I am saying; he see
25、ms so be absent-minded.11. grateful to sb. for sth. (L.34) feeling or showing thanks to sb. for sth. 因 某 事 而 对 某 人 怀 有 感 激 之 情appreciative of sth. (Para 6 L.40) 因 某 事 而 心 存 感 激e.g. Im really grateful to my parents for their ceaseless support when I was down. I wont be the one standing here right now
26、 without their love. 我 非 常 感 谢 我 的 父 母 ， 在 我 低 潮 时 期 对 我 无 至 尽 地 支 持 。 没 有 他 们 的 爱 ， 就 不 会 有 此 刻 站 在 这 里 的 我 。A friend in need is a friend indeed. Im quite appreciative of your hands when I need them to finish the significant program.患难见真情。非常感激你在我需要帮助去完成这个重要项目时所伸出的援手。We should be appreciative of/gra
27、teful for what we have instead of taking everything for granted.我们应当为自己所拥有的一切而心存感激，而不是对任何事情都漫不经心。CF: grateful cause or allow (sth) to be seen 透露，泄露；展现或显示（某物）e.g. The doctor did not reveal the truth to him that Tom is not the son of his own. 医生没有向他透露 Tom 不是亲生儿子的真相。The grey hair revealed his real age.
28、 透过花白的头发，可以知道他的真实年纪。这桩丑闻终于被一位勇敢的记者在报纸上披露了出来。This scandal was finally revealed in the newspaper by a brave journalist.CF: reveal, disclose make (someone) want to do something 引诱（某人）去做，诱使；怂恿tempt sb. to do (or into doing )tempt sb. to something e.g. The fine weather tempted us to go outside/going outs
29、ide. 晴朗的天气诱使我们到户外去。Can I tempt you to another cream bun? 请你再吃一块小奶油面包好吗？派生词：tempting 诱人的 temptation U produce ,especially when pressured or challengede.g. How did you come up with this plan?你是怎样想出这个计划的啊？ At last he came up with a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好办法。He came up with the answer to the question in th
30、e end.他最后找到了问题的答案。9. dash: v. 1) throw or push sth. violently against sth., especially so that it breakse.g. The boat was dashed against the rocks.The huge waves dashed over the rocks.2) go or run somewhere very quicklye.g. 一辆汽车从我们身边飞驰而过。 A car dashed past us.Collocation: dash off10. trace: vt. 1) t
31、o find ( a thing or person) by following their course 跟踪，追踪；（根据踪迹）找寻e.g. The scientists have been unable to trace the source of the epidemic. 科学家一直未能找到这种流行病的根源。I cant trace that letter you sent me. 我找不到你寄给我的那封信。2) to find the origins of by finding proof or by going back in time 追溯；追查e.g. His family
32、can trace its history back to the 10th century. 他的家族可追溯到 10 世纪。The whole rumour was traced back to someone who had a hatred against him. 全部谣言经追查出自一个对他怀恨在心的人身上。11. pack up (L90) 1) put belongings in a case or bag for leaving 整理行装e.g. Do you need me to help you pack up? 你需要我帮你整理行装吗 ?2) to finish work
33、停工，收工e.g. It was time to pack up. 收工的时间到了。3) to stop 停止e.g. She has packed up smoking at long last. 她终于不吸烟了。Para. 19-20Q: Why did the author say the things in this bag were part of his roots, too?A: Because the things reminded him of his past before he achieved success. Although he became a famous w
34、riter, he thought he should remember the time when he was striving for success.Words and Expressions:come across (L94) find by accident 偶然遇见，碰上e.g. Im really happy today because Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this book.今天我很高兴，因为我刚刚在这本书中发现了一首好诗。We came across an old man lying in the road. 我
35、们碰见一位老人躺在路上. Useful words and expressions Unit Seven1612. be (hard) pressed to do sth. (L108) have difficulty doing or achieving something （做某事）有困难 （从字面意义上看，这个短语的意思是“做某事是很有压力的” ，言外之意就是指做事很困难的了）e.g. They may be hard pressed to keep their promise. 信守诺言对他们来说可能有点难。I like this novel very much, but I am a
36、lways hard pressed to say why.我很喜欢这部小说，但我总是很难说出理由。Text B The struggle for an EducationKey Words and Useful Expressions (Text B)1 worthy adj. (L7) deserving 值得的 deserving respect or serious consideration 值得尊敬的；值得重视的1) worthy 作定语a. 作前置定语e.g. This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本有价值的英汉词典。Th
37、is is a worthy article. 这是一篇值得一看的文章。b. 作后置定语时，必须用“worthy of +名词”结构。e.g. There is nothing worthy of mention. 没有值得一提的事情。This is behaviour worthy of praise. 这是值得称赞的行为。2) worthy 作表语a. be worthy of，of 的后面可以接名词或动名词的被动形式。e.g. That is worthy of note. 那件事值得注意。This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 这种现象值
38、得研究。b. be worthy to be done，动词不定式也要用被动式。e.g. This problem is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。The film is worthy to be seen again. 这部电影值得再看一遍。2 work out (L7) pay (a debt) with work instead of money 用劳力代替金钱，以免除债务或义务e.g. John has offered to work out the debt, but I want the money back immediately. Jo
39、hn 提议用劳力来还债，但我要求立即还钱。3. resolve （L10） vt. decide firmly 下决心resolve on doingresolve to do resolve thate.g. Once she has resloved on doing it, you wont get her to change her mind. 一旦她下决心干，你就别想使她改变注意。He resolved to work harder. 他决心更努力工作Useful words and expressions Unit Seven17He resolved that he would
40、work harder. 他决心更努力工作。4. on fire (with）(L12) 1) in flames; burning 起火，着火e.g. The house was on fire. 房子着火了。2) in a state of excitement 激动，兴奋e.g. Wright is now on fire with confidence. 赖特现在情绪高涨，信心十足。5. come on / upon (L41)meet or find by chance 偶然遇见或发现e.g. I have come upon the word several times. 这个单词
41、我已经碰到好几次了.I came upon a group of children playing in the street. 我遇到一群孩子在街上玩耍6. unload v. (L54) to remove a load from 从。 。 。卸下e.g. Have you unloaded the parcels from the car? 你把包裹从车上卸下来了吗？un- a reversative prefix 表示逆向意义的前缀wrap 包裹 -unwrap 打开包裹fasten 固定-unfasten 松开lock 锁上-unlock 开锁7. linger vt.(L76) t
42、o remain for a time instead of going, especially because one does not wish to leave; delay going 留恋，逗留e.g. She lingered outside the school after everyone else had gone home. 在别人都已回家之后，她仍旧留在外面不走。They lingered over coffee and missed the train. 他们慢慢地喝着咖啡，结果没有赶上火车。8. in the meantime conj.(L78)meanwhile;
43、 during the same period of time 同时e.g. Tom was cutting the grass; in the meantime Mary was planting the roses.汤姆在剪草，玛丽在种玫瑰。The new secretary wont come until next week; in the meantime weve arranged for a temporary one. 新秘书在下周前还不会来，在此期间，我们已经安排了一位临时秘书。Unit Four Optimism and Positive ThinkingText A Cho
44、ose OptimismWords and Useful Expressions 1. reverse adj. going in or turned towards the direction opposite to that previously stated 反向的，倒转的e.g. The trend appears to be going in the reverse direction.时尚似乎正在向反方向发展。n. 1) an adverse change of fortune; a setback or defeat（运气的）逆转，厄运；挫折，失败e.g. United suff
45、ered their heaviest reverse of the season.联队遭遇到本赛季最严重的挫折。2) the opposite side or face to the observer 反面，背面The address is given on the reverse of this leaflet. 地址写在传单的背面Useful words and expressions Unit Seven18in reverse: in the opposite direction or manner from usual 向相反方向；与往常相反2. shape v: determin
46、e the nature of; have a great influence on 决定性质; 对有巨大影响e.g. His childhood was shaped by a loving relationship with his elder brother.他与哥哥之间的挚爱情谊对他童年影响很大。相关词组:get into shape: become physically fitter by exercise (通过锻炼)使身体健康in good shape: in good physical condition 健康状况良好out of shape: in poor physical
47、 condition; unfit 身体不好; 不舒服take shape: assume a distinct form 成形; 形成3 ample adj. :1) enough or more than enough; plentiful 足够的;丰富的;充裕的e.g. There is an ample supply of fruits in Kashi in September. 喀什 9 月份水果供应充足.2) large and accommodating 宽敞的e.g. He leaned back in his ample chair. 他靠在宽大的椅背上.4. curse
48、v. invoke a supernatural power to inflict harm or punishment on someone or something 诅咒, 咒语The family had been cursed. 这个家族被诅咒了.be cursed with : be afflicted with 遭受, 被折磨e.g. She cursed him for ruining her life. 她因其毁了自己一生而诅咒他.Now you try:Our tribe is under a curse. 我们的部落都被诅咒了.Many owners have been c
49、ursed with a series of bankruptcies.很多老板都遭受了一连串的倒闭.5. bless v.: endow with a particular cherished thing or attributee.g We have been blessed with a beautiful baby boy. 上帝赐予我们一个漂亮的男婴.Bless you! (=God bless you.) said to a person who has just sneezed. 长命百岁!6. perspective n.: a particular attitude towards or way of regarding sth.; a point
